ID：10.3389 / fpsyt.2020.550593
微生物-肠-脑轴最近被认为是神经精神健康的关键调节剂。在这种框架下，益生菌（最近称为“精神抗生素”）可以调节大脑的活动和功能，可能改善自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的行为特征。
在一项针对85名ASD学龄前儿童（平均年龄4.2岁；84％的男孩）的双盲、随机、安慰剂对照试验中，我们评估了益生菌对自闭症的影响。参与者被随机分配六个月的益生菌（De Simone配方）（n = 42）或安慰剂（n = 43）。63名（74％）儿童完成了试验。
益生菌补充剂是DSF，已经被批准用于儿童。每个分组包含450个十亿8种益生菌菌株：嗜热链球菌，短双歧杆菌，长双歧杆菌，婴儿双歧杆菌，嗜酸乳杆菌，植物乳杆菌，干酪乳杆菌，乳杆菌德氏亚种，保加利亚乳杆菌。该研究方案要求口服DSF，在治疗的第一个月内直接将其溶于口腔或溶于冷的，非碳酸的液体中，治疗的第一个月为2包/天，随后的5个月为1包/天。父母或孩子的法定监护人在家中对孩子进行这种治疗。安慰剂的包装和感官特性与益生菌相同，并包含4.4 g的麦芽糖和二氧化硅。父母/照顾者填写每周食物日记，在日记中，他们报告了实验治疗和任何伴随药物或食物补充剂的停药。不需要暂停ASD当前指南中有效和推荐的任何其他干预措施。
在主要结局指标“总自闭症诊断观察表-校正严重程度评分（ADOS-CSS）”中未检测到组之间的差异。对有或没有胃肠道症状的儿童亚组进行的探索性次要分析（GI组，n = 30；NGI组，n = 55）显示，与安慰剂组相比，益生菌治疗的NGI组ADOS得分显着下降，六个月内平均ADOS CSS总数减少了0.81，社会影响ADOS CSS减少了1.14。
在益生菌治疗的胃肠道组中，我们发现一些胃肠道症状，适应性功能和感觉特征的改善比安慰剂治疗的胃肠道组更大。
结果表明，益生菌对一部分自闭症儿童的核心自闭症症状具有潜在的积极影响，而与益生菌对胃肠道症状的特异性调节无关。
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