本期"数字遗产最佳实践案例竞赛"带大家回顾的是：
-2016年希腊Postscriptum的作品Thesswiki
-2018年英国格拉斯哥艺术学院的作品Scotland’s Rock Art Project (苏格兰岩石艺术项目ScRAP)
其中，Thesswiki项目由当地居民和城市爱好者利用全球最著名的在线百科全书维基百科，数字化希腊第二大城市塞萨洛尼基（Thessaloniki）的悠久历史和文化，并将数字条目与城市景观相连接。苏格兰岩石艺术项目ScRAP则通过社区群体共创与研究，建立数据信息库，增进大众对苏格兰史前岩石艺术的理解和认识。
"数字遗产最佳实践案例竞赛"
本期回顾作品(1)
Thesswiki---希腊Postscriptum
Project Description
Thesswiki是一个众包项目，于2015年启动，旨在由当地居民和城市爱好者利用全球最著名的在线百科全书维基百科，数字化希腊第二大城市塞萨洛尼基（Thessaloniki）的悠久历史和文化，并将数字条目与城市景观相连接。
Thesswiki is a crowdsourcing project initiated in 2015 with the purpose of digitizing the long-time history and culture of the city of Thessaloniki, which is the second-largest city in Greece, by the citizens themselves, locals and city admirers alike, using the most prominent online encyclopedia in the world, Wikipedia, while interconnecting digital entries in the urban landscape.
Thesswiki是一个网络实体行动，旨在影响文化、教育、旅游和电子政务。
Thesswiki is a cyber-physical action which aims to make an impact on culture, education, tourism, and e-government.
之所以选择塞萨洛尼基，一方面是其在历史和日常生活中显而易见的多元文化特征，另一方面是其年轻人口比例高，以及与GLAM（美术馆、图书馆、档案馆和博物馆）相关的积极社区成员和志愿组织数量众多。
Thessaloniki was chosen not only due to its multicultural features, evident both in past history and everyday life, but also due to its high rate of young people amongst the total population and the large number of active community members and volunteer organizations related to GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums).
到目前为止，Thesswiki已成为2015年第50届德米特里亚节（Demetria Festival）的官方项目之一。德米特里亚节是塞萨洛尼基举办的最重要的年度文化活动，由塞萨洛尼基市政府组织。该项目的活动（研讨会、网络研讨会、编辑松、城市漫步等）为维基百科贡献了大约170篇文章，涵盖了14种语言（包括希腊语、英语、德语、法语、俄语、乌克兰语、希伯来语、保加利亚语、亚美尼亚语和土耳其语），并为维基媒体共享资源（维基媒体基金会的免费媒体文件在线库）贡献了超过140个文件。
So far, Thesswiki was part of the official program of the 50th Demetria Festival in 2015, the most prominent annual cultural event taking place in Thessaloniki, organized by the Municipality of Thessaloniki, while its activities (seminars, webinars, edit-a-thons, city walks etc.) have enriched Wikipedia with approximately 170 new and edited articles in 14 languages (including Greek, English, German, French, Russian, Ukrainian, Hebrew, Bulgarian, Armenian and Turkish) and Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Foundation's online repository of free-use media files) with more than 140 files.
该项目的完成离不开当地市政府、文化机构和志愿社区（来自希腊全国及其他中东欧国家）的配合与合作。
In order to achieve these results, the cooperation of local Municipality, cultural institutions, and volunteer communities (not only from the city but also from the rest of Greece and mainly from the countries of Central and Eastern Europe) was essential.
参与Thesswiki项目合作的塞萨洛尼基GLAM组织包括拜占庭文化博物馆、塞萨洛尼基摄影博物馆、北希腊国家剧院、当代艺术国家博物馆、希腊国家银行文化中心、马其顿当代艺术博物馆、塞萨洛尼基犹太博物馆和德国文化中心塞萨洛尼基等。
The list of GLAM organizations of Thessaloniki that have cooperated in Thesswiki project includes Museum of Byzantine Culture, Thessaloniki Museum of Photography, National Theatre of Northern Greece, State Museum of Contemporary Art, Cultural Center of the National Bank of Greece, Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art, Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki and Goethe-Institut Thessaloniki among others.
此外，2016年，Thesswiki与塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学合作设立的名为“塞萨洛尼基文学之旅”的工作坊在第13届IFLA BibLibre国际营销奖中位列前十。2017年，Thesswiki与塞萨洛尼基的文化机构和德国历史博物馆合作，举办了一场关于1940年代塞萨洛尼基和希腊历史的研讨会和编辑松，并作为“分裂的记忆1940-1950”（Divided Memories 1940-1950）展览的一部分。
Moreover, Thesswiki's workshop under the title A literary walk in Thessaloniki in collaboration with Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, about city's literary history was included at the top 10 list of the 13th IFLA BibLibre International Marketing Awards in 2016. In addition, in 2017 Thesswiki in association with cultural institutes of Thessaloniki and Deutsches Historisches Museum, organized a seminar and an edit-a-thon about the history of Thessaloniki and Greece during the 1940s, as part of the exhibition Divided Memories 1940-1950.
Project's Unique Features
1.连接数字与物理空间：利用维基媒体基金会项目（维基百科、维基共享资源、维基数据等），在54处景点（如博物馆、画廊、历史建筑和纪念碑）设置二维码，智能手机用户扫描二维码即可访问关于塞萨洛尼基的最新维基百科条目。
One of Thesswiki’s unique features is the connection of digital and physical space with the assistance of Wikimedia Foundation projects (Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata etc.) and the QR codes that were placed on 54 sites of interest such as museums, galleries, historic buildings and monuments, thus allowing smartphone owners to scan them and instantly access up-to-date Wikipedia entries about Thessaloniki in their own language.
通过数字连接，使GLAM更具开放性、接纳新观念及新形式的文化活动，使相关免费数据可联网获取，并推广这些文化机构和纪念碑作为潜在的旅游景点，尤其是相对知名度低的景点。
It should also be noted the encouragement of GLAM’s openness and adaption of new ideas and new types of cultural activities through digital practices, the creation of new free-use digital data that is now available online and the promotion of these cultural institutes and monuments as potential tourist attractions, especially for the lesser-known of them.
2.来自不同国家、不同背景的人们共同合作，在全球范围内推广塞萨洛尼基的历史、文化和遗产。
Moreover, it should be noted that people of different origin and background from various countries acted together in order to promote Thessaloniki’s history, culture and heritage worldwide.
2015年9月下旬的两天内，来自希腊、保加利亚和前南斯拉夫马其顿共和国的维基百科人员和其他志愿者在萨洛尼卡会面交流，他们抛开文化、政治等差异，向着共同的目标：塞萨洛尼基，以开放自由的态度进行跨文化的交流。
Especially, during the two-day event of late September 2015, Wikipedians and other volunteers from Greece, Bulgaria and FYROM met in Thessaloniki, interacted and got the opportunity to create tighter connections between them, leaving behind cultural, political and other kinds of differences, focusing on their common interests which are Thessaloniki, intercultural learning, and open and free access to knowledge.
3.整个项目开创了一个可持续发展的倡议，不仅促进了跨文化对话，还支持了文化内容的创造性再利用，同时该项目还志在超越项目结果的传播，将所获知识在国际上进行推广和分享。
Finally the overall venture paved the way for the establishment of a sustainable initiative that not only fostered intercultural dialogue but supported also the creative reuse of cultural content while the project aspires to go beyond dissemination of project results and spread and share the knowledge gained on an international level.
"数字遗产最佳实践案例竞赛"
本期回顾作品(2)
Scotland’s Rock Art Project (ScRAP)
苏格兰岩石艺术项目（ScRAP）
--- 英国格拉斯哥艺术学院
Project Description
苏格兰岩石艺术项目（ScRAP）是首个专注于苏格兰史前雕刻（岩石艺术）的重大研究项目。我们的总体目标是通过社区群体共创与研究，增进大众对苏格兰史前岩石艺术的理解和认识。
Scotland’s Rock Art Project (ScRAP) is the first major research project focusing on prehistoric carvings (rock art) in Scotland. Our overarching aim is to enhance understanding and awareness of Scotland’s prehistoric rock art through community co-production and research.
这项为期五年的项目始于2017年1月，由艺术与人文研究理事会（AHRC）资助，苏格兰历史环境部（HES）承办，合作方包括爱丁堡大学历史、古典与考古学院以及格拉斯哥艺术学院虚拟仿真与可视化学院。在整个项目过程中，我们与苏格兰本地社区、文化遗产专业人士、学术机构和全球范围内的土地管理者密切合作。
This five-year project, which started in January 2017, is funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). It is hosted by Historic Environment Scotland (HES), in collaboration with Edinburgh University’s School of History, Classics and Archaeology, and Glasgow School of Art’s School of Simulation and Visualisation. Throughout the project, we are working closely with local communities, heritage professionals, academic institutions, and land managers across nationally and internationally.
岩石艺术是一种全球性现象。它往往代表着文化遗产，能够激发公众想象力、促进当代创新。目前苏格兰已发现有近3000块雕刻岩石，且每年还有新增。苏格兰的史前岩石艺术是英国和欧洲雕刻艺术的一部分。这些抽象的图案（通常被称为杯纹和环纹）于5000多年前刻在露天的巨石和岩石上的，且很容易因自然或人为因素而破坏或毁灭。并且，很可能只有一小部分的岩石艺术幸存至今。岩石艺术有着巨大的潜力，可以增进我们对过去实践和理念的理解，也是当今景观的独特部分。尽管这些雕刻在过去和现代都具有重要意义，但它们的价值并没有被充分认知和理解。只有少数岩石艺术受到保护，大多数被忽视且处于风险中。作为一个国家主体，他们也常常被我们忽视。
Rock art is a global phenomenon. It is often a defining feature of cultural heritage and identity that can capture public imagination and inspire contemporary creativity. Almost 3000 carved rocks are known in Scotland, and many new discoveries are made every year. Scotland’s prehistoric rock art forms part of a wider British and European phenomenon of carving. The abstract motifs (commonly called cup and ring markings) were engraved over 5000 years ago on boulders and outcrops in the open landscape. The carvings are very vulnerable to damage and destruction by natural and human agents, however, and it is likely that only a small proportion of the original number have survived to present day. The rock art has immense potential for enhancing our understanding of past practices and beliefs, and it forms a unique part of landscape today. Despite their past and contemporary significance, the carvings remain undervalued and poorly understood. Most are neglected and at risk, and only a few are protected. As a nation, we are rarely aware of their existence.
（苏格兰岩石艺术分布图）
苏格兰岩石艺术项目支持且对社区团队进行了相关培训，帮助其收集苏格兰各地史前雕刻的详细信息，并制作包括3D和2D数字模型的综合数据库。这个数据库通过空间和统计分析，不仅在当地和区域范围内为我们的研究提供信息，还可用于提高全球范围内大众对于岩石艺术的认知。该数据库不仅是我们研究的重要工具，而且将通过我们的网站（www.rockart.scot）免费提供给学术界和公众进行在线研究。它还能够提供岩石艺术的保护和管理策略，为评估岩石状态和退化情况提供一致的基准2D和3D数据。
The Scotland’s Rock Art Project is training and supporting community teams to gather detailed information on prehistoric carvings across Scotland, and produce a comprehensive database that includes 3D and 2D digital models. This database informs our research of the carvings at local, regional and inter-regional scales using spatial and statistical analyses, and is used to raise local, national and international awareness. The database will not only be an essential tool for our study, but will be freely available online via our website (www.rockart.scot) for academic and public research. It will also inform conservation and management strategies, contributing consistent benchmark 2D and 3D data for assessing condition and deterioration.
（杯纹和杯环图案是苏格兰史前岩石艺术的典型特征）
我们的研究是围绕岩石艺术在景观内的史前使用、在一系列纪念碑和结构内的后续再利用，以及今天的岩石艺术的社会价值展开的。通过研究人们对岩石艺术现今的看法，从而揭示公众认知、社会参与和教育如何影响岩石艺术的社会价值，而这对于未来的研究、遗产管理和社区赋权至关重要。
Our research is structured around investigating the prehistoric use of the rock art within the landscape, its subsequent re-use within a range of monuments and structures, and the social value of the rock art today. Studying contemporary attitudes to rock art will reveal how social values are forged through changing awareness, engagement and education, which is vital for future research, heritage management, and community empowerment.
通过相关研究成果、研讨会和会议，我们希望能够促进与英国和欧洲同行的学术对话，并提高苏格兰岩石艺术的国际知名度。通过向大众分享非学术产品的重要研究成果，培育其对岩石艺术的理解和认知。此外，重视群体、增进公众认知和提升社会价值在激发未来研究、改善岩石艺术的长期保护方面具有巨大潜力。
Through our research outputs, seminars, and conference, we aim to promote academic dialogue with British and European colleagues, and raise the international profile of Scotland’s rock art. We are fostering wider understanding and awareness of the rock art by sharing key research outcomes through products that target non-academic audiences. Empowering communities, increasing public knowledge, and enhancing social value have immense potential for inspiring future research and improving long-term care of the rock art.
总之，此项目代表了考古学和岩石艺术研究具有国际重要意义的进展，将为英国和北欧考古学做出重大贡献，并为全球岩石艺术研究提供重要参考。
In summary, this work represents an important, internationally significant advance in archaeological and rock art research which will make a major contribution to British and Northern European archaeology, and be a valuable point of reference for world rock art studies.
Project's Unique Features
苏格兰岩石艺术项目（ScRAP）的独创性主要体现在三个方面：（a）方法论 - 群体共创完成大规模数据集设立；利用低成本3D数字技术捕捉分析详细数据；（b）研究对象 - 5000年前的史前岩石雕刻；（c）地域范围 - 苏格兰全域。具体而言，该项目具有以下特点：
The originality of Scotland’s Rock Art Project (ScRAP) lies (a) in its approach – community co-production large scale datasets low-cost 3D digital techniques to capture and analyse detailed data; (b) in its subject matter – 5000 year old prehistoric rock carvings; and (c) in its geographical scale – the whole of Scotland. Specifically, the project has the following unique features:
社区群体共同完成一个面向教育、研究和文化遗产管理的公开可访问的数字数据库。
- 来自苏格兰各地区的社区团队参与了标准化、客观性、保护性记录岩石艺术的专家培训。
- 开发定制在线数据录入系统，使团队通过项目网站（www.rockart.scot）上传现场记录信息。
- 相关记录将在项目网站上展示，并与苏格兰国家古迹记录（Canmore https://canmore.org.uk/）分享，这些记录将永久保留并对公众开放。
Community co-production of a publicly accessible digital database for education, research, and cultural heritage management.
· Community teams working in different regions of Scotland have received expert training in field recording of rock art using a standardized, objective, and non-invasive methodology.
· We have developed a bespoke online data entry system, accessible via the project website (www.rockart.scot), to enable community teams to upload their field records.
· Community-generated records are displayed on the project website and shared with the National Monuments Record for Scotland (Canmore https://canmore.org.uk/) where they will be preserved and made publicly accessible for perpetuity.
（在邓弗里斯和加洛韦培训社区团队）
以低成本社区群体共创可分享的岩石艺术3D模型。
- 为了便于社区团队人员在野外和博物馆收藏品中捕捉史前岩石雕刻的3D数据，对其进行了结构光测量方法的专家培训。
- 社区团队使用Agisoft Photoscan软件处理采集数据，创建岩石雕刻的交互式3D模型。
- 通过开源软件（如Meshlab）共享3D模型。
- 社区团队利用免费的在线平台（如Sketchfab），将3D模型与每个单独的岩石艺术记录链接起来，使模型能够在项目网站上展示· (例：http://www.rockart.scot/rock-art-database/?scrapToolsaction=datatools:panel&id=E0478C71-9ACE-4D9D-8BCD31C5E1EF41D1)。
Low-cost community co-production and sharing of 3D rock art models.
· We have provided expert training for community teams in the use of Structure from Motion methods in order for them to capture 3D data for prehistoric rock carvings in the field and in museum collections.
· Community teams process their field data using Agisoft Photoscan software to create interactive 3D models of the rock carvings
· 3D models are shared using OpenSource software (e.g. Meshlab)
· Community teams use freely available online platforms (e.g. Sketchfab) to link 3D models to each individual rock art record, allowing the models to be displayed on the project website (e.g. http://www.rockart.scot/rock-art-database/?scrapToolsaction=datatools:panel&id=E0478C71-9ACE-4D9D-8BCD31C5E1EF41D1).
提升意识与增强社会价值：
- 目前，苏格兰国家古迹记录中已知的2800块史前雕刻岩石中，仅有6%具有公开可访问的图像，且没有公开可用的3D模型。本项目运用数字记录、可视化和传播技术，使公众和专业人士能够接触到长期以来被忽视的、脆弱的文化遗产。
- 社区团队与我们共同合作完成数据采集和研究成果汇总，不仅带来新技能和新想法，还通过广泛参与加强了公众对岩石艺术的理解与认知，扩大了其社会价值。
- 与社区团队共同制作的数字记录和3D模型正在提升遗产部门组织对岩石艺术的认识。
- 持续与社区进行磋商，增进了我们对岩石艺术在当代社会中的社会价值的理解，以及其在我们的景观中的角色变化，使我们能够更好地为未来的保护和保留而努力。
- 社区共同制作的数字记录被遗产专业人员用于指导岩石艺术遗址的管理和保护，从而增进了对这一不可替代资源的理解和可持续性改善。
- 通过促进社区、专业人士和学者之间的联系，推动知识、技能和能力的交流，并解决学术和非学术领域之间的问题边界。这种共享观念与机会的思想在项目结束后也会发挥其效应。
Raising awareness and enhancing social value
· At present only 6% of the 2800 known prehistoric carved rocks in the National Monuments Record of Scotland have publicly accessible images. None have publicly available 3D models. The application of digital recording, visualization, and dissemination techniques enables unprecedented public and professional access to what has long been a fragile and neglected aspect of our cultural heritage.
· Co-production of digital data and research outputs with community teams not only embeds new skills and understanding, it also enhances awareness and social value through engagement, and knowledge exchange with their wider communities.
· The digital records and 3D models co-produced with community teams are raising awareness of rock art within heritage sector organisations such as Historic Environment Scotland and the regional Historic Environment Records.
· On-going consultation with participating communities informs our understanding of the contemporary social value of rock art, and its changing role in our landscape, so that we are better able to conserve and protect it for the future.
· The community co-produced digital records are being used by heritage professionals to inform the management and conservation of rock art sites, leading to a better understanding and improved sustainability of this irreplaceable resource.
· By fostering links between communities, professionals and academics, we are promoting the exchange of knowledge, skills and capacity, and addressing problematic boundaries between academic and non-academic domains. This will create a legacy of shared ideas and opportunities that will endure long after the project.
第三届“数字遗产最佳实践案例竞赛”案例提交截止日期为4月30日，请不要错过投稿时间！
Warm reminder: Please ensure submissions are received before the deadline: April 30th.
中国古迹遗址理事会数字遗产专委会 | 秘书处
ICOMOS-CHINA Scientific Committee of Cultural Heritage Conservation by Digitalization | Secretariat
马英华 李薇
邮箱：mayinghua@thid.cn ；liwei@thid.cn
电话：13810813997 13810667638
