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核心观点
往前看，联储后续降息决策取决于特朗普政策以及3-4月经济走势：如果增长动能快速下行，年中或再度降息，但经济不衰退的情况下，今年降息幅度或难以超过2次。若特朗普维持就任以来的政策取向，特别是4月2日大幅提高关税，则美国增长动能下行的压力会加大。联储愿意讨论经济不确定性并调整预测，显示其高度关注经济走势。若经济继续下行，联储或将降息节奏提前，但是大幅降息仍受通胀制约，全年降息幅度或难以超过2次：当前经济基本面、尤其是劳工市场仍然有韧性，且特朗普政策触发经济或市场调整后可能有转向的空间和动力；SEP中有8名委员认为今年不降息或者仅降息1次。后续继续重点关注4月2日“对等关税”政策进展。
Recent indicators suggest that economic activity has continued to expand at a solid pace. The unemployment rate has stabilized at a low level in recent months, and labor market conditions remain solid. Inflation remains somewhat elevated.
The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. The Committee judges that Uncertainty around the risks to achieving its employment and inflation goals are roughly in balance. The economic outlook is uncertain, and thehas increased. The Committee is attentive to the risks to both sides of its dual mandate.
In support of its goals, the Committee decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 4-1/4 to 4-1/2 percent. In considering the extent and timing of additional adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will carefully assess incoming data, the evolving outlook, and the balance of risks. The Committee will continue reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage backed securities. Beginning in April, the Committee will slow the pace of decline of its securities holdings by reducing the monthly redemption cap on Treasury securities from $25 billion to $5 billion. The Committee will maintain the monthly redemption cap on agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities at $35 billion. The Committee is strongly committed to supporting maximum employment and returning inflation to its 2 percent objective.
In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.
Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michael S. Barr; Michelle W. Bowman; Susan M. Collins; Lisa D. Cook; Austan D. Goolsbee; Philip N. Jefferson; Adriana D. Kugler; Alberto G. Musalem; and Jeffrey R. Schmid; and Christopher J. Waller. Voting against this action was Christopher J. Waller, who supported no change for the federal funds target range but preferred to continue the current pace of decline in securities holdings.
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