近日，欧洲专家PLAMEN ARABADZHIEV发文谈了如何选择造船厂建造船？全文如下。
正筹备第四届2020国际船用洗涤塔和压载水上海峰会将于2020年8月26-27日在上海市举办的国际船舶海工网了解到。
选择船厂造船可能是船东可以做出的最重要的决定之一。这个至关重要的选择可能会影响您的长期船舶质量以及船舶生命周期内的运营费用。因此，必须采取谨慎和谨慎的方法来选择合适的造船厂来建造您的船。
选择造船厂的过程
最好的起点之一是找到一个行之有效的独立计划，例如制造商产品质量评估或MPQA。该服务通常由船级社提供，使您对船厂的质量和能力有很好的了解。从2008年到2011年，劳埃德（Lloyd's）使用了类似的方案来评估中国造船厂。在大约1100个注册的造船厂中，只有大约150个满足了劳埃德概述的大多数标准。其中，有50家被宣布为一流造船厂。
接下来，您将要与经验丰富的建造监理公司合作。这是要求审核所有入围造船厂的机会。例如，Risk Design International在船厂评估方面经验丰富，我们的专家将随时帮助您选择合适的船厂并成功交付一艘或多艘船。因此，我们汇总了一个涵盖以下领域的造船厂评估文件：
评估船厂设施和建造策略
评估生产能力和人力资历
来自同一船厂的已建造船舶的数据性能
评估上述区域的环境和当前状况是船厂的规划，管理和资源控制的指标。结构合理的造船厂在整个布局和空间中都显示出合理的生产流程。
评估船厂设施和建造策略
该过程可以细分为对造船过程有重大影响的较小部门，包括：
仓库和存储区：物资保管和可追溯性对于建造过程很重要。
车间底漆生产线：车间底漆，钢外形和施加的厚度对于腐蚀防护至关重要。为了确保效率，钢板应使用车间底漆处理，以减少二次处理期间的工作。
气体/等离子切割车间：正确的套料可最大程度地利用钢材。具有切割和打标头的现代气体和等离子装置可帮助缩短子装配和装配过程。如果可以的话，机器钢坡口可提高对接和填充焊的质量。
子装配车间：在子装配过程中，必须防止恶劣的环境条件。此过程仅应由经验丰富的团队在专用的室内位置进行。这对于厚板和高张力板的预热和保温至关重要。
模块装配车间：保护环境条件的要求相同。但是，应该重点关注块检查的质量。以下标准都很重要：
钢板材质及厚度
焊接质量
板和型材的对齐
无损检测报告
尺寸报告
冲砂车间：是指定用于单独爆破工作的室内车间，配有中央压缩机，通风设备，集尘器和加热系统。
喷漆间：封闭的工作环境可确保喷漆过程中没有灰尘。这使绘画更容易，更可靠。喷漆房本身还配备了集中式压缩机，通风和供暖系统。工人应该对IMO PSPC要求有透彻的了解。这对于多年来的压载舱涂料性能至关重要。
组立安装区：近年来，组立安装已成为船厂的常规做法，以减少新船在实际船坞中的停留时间。您需要准备好船厂以方便运输大块货物，但这可以大大提高整体效率。
干船坞区域：干船坞安装是新造船中最昂贵的部分，发生在造船厂成本最高的部分。需要正确选择建造策略，从而可以为造船厂和船东节省大量时间和金钱。
机械车间：需要仔细检查机器的类型和容量，以确保覆盖整个生产过程。
戏装泊位：一旦船从干船坞下水，泊位需要有足够的起重机容量以应付出色的工作。
设计/工程办公室：参与造船过程中需要的工程师认证和主管与使用设计软件（如ShipConstructor，AVEVA，NAPA等）
评估生产能力和人力资历
当然，即使世界上最好的设施也没有足够的资源与您合作，这对他们也没有多大意义。造船厂的生产能力和在建的新建筑物的数量给出了可用于您的项目的百分比产能。同时，造船厂工人与承包商的比例表明了造船厂的灵活性和整体实力。
重要的是要查询新建项目的干船坞插槽的可用性（按计划）。此信息将很好地衡量船厂的生产流程以及它是否符合计划的计划。还必须评估团队的实力，从管理层到船厂员工。生产，质量控制和设计方面的员工比例都是造船厂效力的指标。
首先查看生产计划，Gant图表和时间表。接下来，将这些与您的实际生产需求进行比较将有助于评估船厂是否可以执行工作量。他们能否弥补延迟，克服瓶颈，最重要的是完成项目？他们会按时，按预算并按标准进行吗？您可以在此阶段学习所有这些内容。
来自同一船厂的已建造船舶的数据性能
在整个船长和总工程师网络中，Risk Design International 能够收集船舶运营阶段的数据。任何造船厂的过去性能和船只交付都可以用作将来任何新建筑物的指南。设备性能不佳，保修要求，意外维修工作始终是受其影响的造船厂在建造过程中质量低劣的明显指标。因此，在造船过程的最后阶段访问造船厂并检查船舶始终是验证造船厂专业性的绝佳方法。
选择合适的造船厂：让专业人士的帮助
想更多地了解我们的船厂选择服务？立即与我们Risk Design International 联系，我们很乐意回答您的问题，并帮助您开始选择适合您需求的船厂。
免费的2020年绿色船舶创新上海国际展览和论坛将于10月20-22日举办
Choosing the Right Shipyard to Build Your Ship
APRIL 30, 2020 BY PLAMEN ARABADZHIEV
The choice of selecting a shipyard is probably one of the most important decisions a shipowner could make. This crucial choice could potentially have an impact on your long-term vessel quality and the operational expenses during the ship’s lifecycle.Therefore, you have to take a careful and measured approach to choosing the right shipyard to build your vessel.
The process of choosing a shipyard
One of the best places to start is to find a proven independent scheme, such as Manufacturer Product Quality Assessment, or MPQA. This service is delivered, normally by Classification Societies and gives you quite a good understanding of the shipyard’s quality and capabilities. From 2008 to 2011, Lloyd’s used a similar scheme to evaluate Chinese shipyards. From roughly 1100 registered shipyards, only around 150 covered the majority of the criteria outlined by Lloyds. Of those, only 50 were announced as first-class builders.
Next, you’ll want to work with an experienced new building supervision company. This is an opportunity for requesting an audit of any shortlisted shipyard. For instance, Risk Design International has experience in shipyard evaluation and our specialists are ready to help you with choosing the right shipyard and successful delivery of the vessel or series of vessels. As a result, we have put together a shipyard assessment document that covers the following areas:
Assessment of shipyard facilities and building strategy
Assessment of production capacity and manpower qualification
Data performance from already built vessels in the same shipyard
Assessing the environment and current conditions of above-mentioned areas is an indicator for the planning, management and resource control of the shipyard. A well-constructed shipyard displays a logical production flow throughout its layout and space.
Assessment of shipyard facilities and building strategy
This process can be subdivided into smaller sectors that have a significant impact on the shipbuilding process, including:
Warehouse and storage areas: Housekeeping and traceability are important for the building process.
Shop primer line: The shop primer, steel profile and applied thickness are critical for corrosion protection. To ensure efficiency, steel plates should be treated with a shop primer coating to reduce work during secondary treatment.
Gas/Plasma Cutting workshop: Proper nesting maximizes the utilization of steel material. Modern gas and plasma units with cutting and marking heads help to shorten sub-assembly and assembly processes. Machine steel beveling increases the quality of butt and filled welding, where available.
Subassembly workshop: Protection from severe environmental conditions is a must during the sub-assembly process. This process should only be carried out in a dedicated indoor location, by an experienced team. This is vital to pre-heating and temperature preservation for thick and high-tensile plates.
Block assembly workshop: The requirements for the protection of environmental conditions are the same. There should, however, be an emphasis made on the quality of block inspection. The following standards are all of importance:
Steel plate material and thickness
Weld quality
Alignment of plates and profiles
NDT Reports
Dimensional Report
Blasting hall: These are designated indoor workshops for separate blasting work, equipped with a centralized compressor, ventilation, dust collector and heating system.
Painting hall: An enclosed working environment guarantees that there will no dust during the painting process. This makes painting easier and more reliable. The painting hall itself is also equipped with a centralized compressor, ventilation, and heating system as well. Workers should have a thorough understanding of IMO PSPC requirements. This is crucial to Ballast tank coating performance through the years.
Pre-erection area: In recent years, pre-erection has become standard shipyard practice, in order to reduce a newbuilding’s time in the actual dock. You’ll need a shipyard ready to facilitate the transport of large blocks, but it can greatly improve your overall efficiency.
A dry dock area: Dry dock erection is the most expensive part of newbuilding, taking place in the highest cost part of a shipyard. There needs to be a correctly chosen building strategy that in turn can save a lot of time and money to shipyard and owners.
Machinery workshop: Type and capacity of machines need to be carefully inspected to ensure that the whole production process is covered.
Outfitting berth: There needs to be enough crane capacity at the berth to cover outstanding jobs, once the ship is launched from the dry dock.
Design/Engineering offices: The engineers involved in the shipbuilding process needs to be certified and competent with the use of design software (eg. ShipConstructor, Aveva, NAPA, etc.)
Assessment of production capacity and manpower qualification
Of course, even the best facility in the world won’t mean much if they just don’t have the resources available to work with you. The production capacity of the shipyard and the number of new buildings in progress gives a percentage capacity that is left available for your project. Meanwhile, the ratio of shipyard workers to contractors is an indication of the flexibility and the overall power of the shipyard.
It is important to inquire about the availability (as planned) of the Dry dock slot for your newbuilding project. This information would be a good measure of the shipyard’s production flow and whether it suits your schedule, as planned. It’s also imperative that you evaluate the team’s strength, from management down to shipyard employees. The ratios of employees in production, quality control and design are all indicators of efficacy for your shipyard.
Review of production plans, Gant charts, and schedules comes first. Next, comparing these with your real production needs will help to gauge whether the shipyard can carry out the workload. Can they compensate delays, overcome bottlenecks and, most importantly, complete the project? Will they do it on time, to budget, and according to standards? You can learn all of that during this phase.
Data performance from already built vessels in the same shipyard
Throughout our network of captains and chief engineers, Risk Design International has been able to collect data for the operational phase of vessels. The past performance and vessel delivery of any shipyard could be used as a guide for any future new building. Equipment underperformance, guarantee claims, unexpected repair works are always clear indicators of a poor quality job during the building process in the subjected shipyard. Therefore, visiting the shipyard and inspecting vessels that are at the final stage of the building process is always an excellent approach to verifying the professionalism of the shipyard.
Choosing the right shipyard: Let a professional help you
Want to learn more about our shipyard selection services? Get in touch with us, today, and we’d be happy to answer your questions and get you started with choosing the right shipyard for your needs.
免费的2020年绿色船舶创新上海国际展览和论坛将于10月20-22日举办
