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20世纪是混凝土和钢铁的时代，到了21世纪，伴随着可持续发展理念的诞生，竹子因其轻盈、灵活的特性日益融入现代建筑。
本期我们采访了一位法国工业设计大师Patrick Lucien Lapoule, 一起了解他的环保理念，让“可持续”变成一种真正可以融入生活的方式。
The 20th century was the era of concrete and steel, and in the 21st century, with the birth of the concept of sustainable development, bamboo is increasingly integrated into modern architecture because of its lightness and flexibility.
In today's program, we talked with a French industrial design guru, Patrick Lucien Lapoule, to learn about his environmental philosophy and how to integrate "sustainability" into our daily lives.
Patrick Lucien Lapoule
法国工业设计大师
法国生态工业设计及技术转化协会创始人
法国生态保护与材料循环利用协会共同创办人
|用竹纤维做原材料，彻底刷新人们对竹建筑的认识|
你的竹屋与传统的有什么不同吗?
在很多地方，他们在酒店内部有一些门的一部分或一些装饰的包装设计的形状与竹子相似，给人一种清新的感觉，来吸引消费者的注意。他们认为这就是传统，人们喜欢这样。但它不是真正的竹子。它只是被竹子覆盖，里面是混凝土。这个不是我们想做的那样。
How is your bamboo house different from the a traditional one?
In many places, they have these parts of the doors or some of the decorations inside hotel rooms. The shape of the design is the same as that of bamboo, which gives people a refreshing feeling and can attract consumers' attention. They think this is traditional and they like this. But it is not really bamboo. It is just covered by bamboo, it’s concrete inside. It is not really the same as what we can do with bamboo.
你做的生态竹屋的理念是什么？
首先我们认为竹子是一种原料，如同亚麻布等不同种类的植物原料。竹子是由不同的纤维组成的。我们已经研究了很多年，这种纤维在我看来可以给我们很多的可能性来取代塑料，也可以取代如碳纤维，玻璃纤维。事实上，竹纤维更加生态更加自然。其抗拉强度与钢铁相当，还有着可再生、制作便捷、坚固耐用的优点，同时重量远远轻于钢筋、水泥等。竹子结实而柔韧，是世界上生长最快的植物，软木和硬木通常需要40至150年才能成熟，而竹子只需3年就可以收获。经过加工处理，竹子的使用寿命可以持续数十年。可以说是真正意义上的“绿色原料”。
What is your conception of ecological bamboo house?
We consider that the bamboo is a kind of raw material, such as linen, such as different kinds of plants. And that the bamboo is made by different kinds of fibers. This kind of fiber in my opinion, because we have studied this for many years, can give us many possibilities to replace plastic, and also carbon fibers, such as glass fiber. In fact, the the bamboo fiber is much more ecological and natural. Its tensile strength is same as steel, and it has the advantages of being renewable, easy to make and durable, while its weight is far lighter than steel and cement. Bamboo is strong and flexible and is the fastest growing plant in the world. Softwoods and hardwoods usually take 40 to 150 years to mature, while bamboo can be harvested in just three years. Processed bamboo can last for decades. It can be called real "green building"
|结下了和竹子的不解之缘|
是什么启发了你？你为了实现这个目标都做了什么？
2002年，我与一家非常大的法国公司合作生产一种新型的街道公共厕所，我们需要创造一种新的材料来做这些设备。那时，我对纤维很感兴趣。到达中国后，我还得做一些关于木质包装的工作。他们正在做一小块竹子，我看见了竹子的桁架，竹纤维的反应令我非常惊讶。我确信我可以用竹子做点什么。
我非常想了解竹子，于是参观了许多地方，许多工厂和村庄。然后我开始用竹子做一种新材料，得到一种类似蜂巢的结构。我尝试了各种方法来做内部绝缘防寒保暖, 就这样 一步一步我们做了很多研究，做了一些样本。我们对此进行了投资，然后我们走到了今天。我们已经到了第一项研究的最后一步，现在，我们要进行第二项新的研究，更加深入地应用竹纤维。
What inspired you to do this? What have you done to achieve this goal?
In 2002, I worked with a very big French company to produce a new kind of public toilet in the street, and we have to create a new kind of material to craft the equipment. At that time, I was interested in fibers. And after arriving China, I had to do some work with wood packaging. They were using a small a piece of bamboo. I saw the trusses of bamboo and I was very surprised by the reaction of the bamboo fibers. And I was sure I can do something with bamboo. I wanted absolutely to know and understand the bamboo industry. I visited many places, many factories, many villages. And then I started to craft a kind of new material with bamboo to get a kind of a structure like a bee nest. We tried with other kinds of ways to do insulation inside to protect from the cold and warm, how we can do the finance and step by step because we did some research and did some samples. We invested money in this. And then we arrive to today. We arrive at about the last step of the first research. Now, we have to do the second step, new research. This is to really use the bamboo fiber, but to also do other things.
你的下一步计划是什么？
就像我说的，我们已经开始了第一项研究——建筑。我们现在要进行第二项的研究。我们可以用竹纤维做很多其他的事情，比如电动汽车等等。因为这种新型的电动汽车，他们使用玻璃纤维做结构，碳纤维做部件来抗震，但很贵。竹子可以做得更好，因为竹子可用于汽车所有部分。竹车，生态车，你真的可以开的那种。当我们做一个新产品时，我们需要思考当代的产品如何尊重自然，与此同时，我们需要考虑回收，我们要么破坏，要么回收。我从1986年就有这种想法。
不仅仅是汽车，汽车只是个例子，也可以是家具，可以是为火车或飞机上制作设备。它更坚韧，也许更漂亮。那我们就不需要粉刷它，甚至我们不需要再用其他材料覆盖它。如果我们很好地利用竹纤维，我们可以做很多不同的东西。这个市场更大更好。所以我们很乐意与一些投资者或合作伙伴，行业伙伴或商业伙伴合作。这是我非常擅长的工作，如果我知道他们想要什么，他们需要什么，我就可以为他们创造他们想要的产品。与此同时，我们也期望帮助贫穷的国家做竹建设，因为用这种材料建造一些小房子比用钢铁和木材建造房子好得多。如果我们能教他们使用这种竹子的新技术，并传授他们搭建竹纤维屋的方法，那么他们就可以自己建造。我们希望他们使用他们拥有的原材料，并加入我们已经开始的这项伟大的生态运动。
What are the next steps in your research?
As I said, we started with first floors with our construction. We have to now to do the second floors. We can do many other things with bamboo fiber like electric power cars, etc. Because with this kind of new electric car, they use glass fiber for the structure and carbon fiber for some of the pieces to resist shock, but it's very expesnsive. Bamboo can do much better because bamboo can be used for all of the car. Bamboo cars, ecology cars, you really can drive. When we do a new product, we need to think how todays products need to respect nature. And at the same time, we need to think about the recycle process, we destroy or we recycle. I have this kind of mind from 1986.
Not only for cars, for example, these fibers can used with furniture, can craft equipment for trains or airplanes. It’s much stronger and maybe it’s much more beautiful, then we don’t need to paint. We don’t need to cover with other kinds of material today. If we use the bamboo fibers very well, we can do so many different things. And this market is much better and bigger. So we are very interested to receive some kind of investors or partners; industry partners or financial partners. This is a part of the work, if I know what they want, what they need, I can create for them the product they want. At the same time, we have done bamboo construction for the poorer countries. Because it’s much better to use this kind of product for small houses than with steel and wood. If we can teach them to use different kinds of new technology and bestow to them them the methods to build a bamboo house, then they can build it themselves. We want them to use these raw materials they have and jump on board this great ecological movement we've started.
|无限可能的人生，为梦想认真|
你的工作经历很丰富，你是学习什么专业的？
一开始并不是学习工程相关的专业。我的故事因为父母的原因， 有些特别。我们有一家包装公司，我的父母想要我运营公司。所有我在海德堡大学学习了营销策略和管理。当我回来时， 我的父亲得了癌症，去世前他决定把公司卖给美国IPC公司。
当时的美国老板，他很儒雅很聪明，对我说，首先你的思想很开放，你会战略营销，你有专利（19岁时），所以现在你可以做更多研究开发相关的工作。所以22岁时，我夜以继日地在集团努力工作， 然后回到巴黎的大学学习工程。3年后我拿到了工程硕士学位。25岁后，我决定开自己公司。
几年以后，因为我的妻子，她是一名心理学家， 她对我说：“你为什么不学习社会学来增加你的知识？因为你像心理学一样研究行为， 你可以更好的了解自己。而且你对社会的看法会开放得更多。” 所以在1986年， 我去大学学习社会学。而且我之后做得很多产业都是源于我这方面得知识。
You have a lot of work experience. What is your major？
At the beginning, I did nothing with engineering. My story is a little special with my parents. There was a industry for packaging and my parents wanted me to drive this company. So I studied the marketing strategy and management in University Heidelberg. And when I returned, Papa had a big cancer. And he decided to sell the group company to American company IPC before he died. The American boss, he is very gentle and smart, said to me that first your mind is very open, you did the strategy marketing, you have filed patents (I had a very big patent when I was 19), so please for now drive the research and development. I was 22, I worked for the group after day and night before I returned to the engineer university in Paris and after 3 years I received my master of engineer. After I was 25, I decided to open my own company. And a few years later, because my wife, she is a psychologist said to me “why you don’t do sociology to increase your knowledge? Because if you study the behavior like a psychology, you can have a much better knowledge of yourself. And you have much more open mind about society.” So in 1986, I went to university to study sociology. And many of the products I did after comes from my knowledge of this.
最后：你是怎么理解自由？对于现在的年轻人，你有什么好的建议吗？
How do you define freedom? Do you have any advice for our young generation?
“很多人认为，如果他们有翅膀，他们就可以自由……不，我不这么认为。自由就是没有翅膀也能飞翔!!!”»。
«Lot of people think that, if they had wings, they can be free… no, I don’t think so, Freedom is to fly without wings!!! ».
“勿忘初心，活在当下，展望未来!”
«Don’t forget your roots, live the present day, preview your future ! ».
