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一、中乌（乌兹别克斯坦）关系：战略互信与务实合作深化
I. Sino-Uzbekistan Relations: Strengthening Strategic Trust and Practical Cooperation
中乌两国于1992年1月2日建交，2024年升级为“新时代全天候全面战略伙伴关系”，标志着双边关系进入历史最好时期。高层互访频繁，经贸合作成果显著：2023年双边贸易额达140.33亿美元，同比增长44.9%，中国连续多年稳居乌兹别克斯坦第一大贸易伙伴。人文领域合作不断拓展，包括孔子学院建设、友城关系建立及联合科研项目的推进，为乌兹别克斯坦公民来华提供了政策保障与便利化环境。
China and Uzbekistan established diplomatic ties on January 2, 1992, and upgraded their relationship to an "All-Weather Comprehensive Strategic Partnership for the New Era" in 2024, marking the best period in bilateral history. Frequent high-level exchanges and robust economic cooperation have yielded remarkable results:
Trade Volume: In 2023, bilateral trade reached $14.033 billion, a 44.9% year-on-year increase. China remains Uzbekistan’s largest trading partner.
People-to-People Exchanges: Cooperation spans Confucius Institutes, sister-city relationships, and joint scientific research, laying a solid foundation for visa facilitation.
二、来华商业机会：政策红利与市场潜力
II. Business Opportunities in China: Policy Support and Market Potential
进博会等平台机遇
乌兹别克斯坦连续多年参与中国国际进口博览会，以“出口和投资机遇”为主题展示纺织品、农产品、电子产品等优质商品。2024年第7届进博会期间，乌方通过政府与企业家团组赴华洽谈，推动更多商品进入中国市场。
投资合作深化
中乌在能源、基建、农业等领域合作紧密。例如，2023年重庆与撒马尔罕州举办贸易对接会，聚焦农产品贸易合作。此外，乌兹别克斯坦对中国公民实行10日入境免签政策，为商务考察、短期合作提供便利。
Expo Participation & Platforms
Uzbekistan has participated in the China International Import Expo (CIIE) for years, showcasing textiles, agricultural products, and electronics. The 2024 CIIE featured government-business delegations from Uzbekistan to expand market access.
10-Day Visa-Free Entry: Uzbek citizens holding ordinary passports enjoy 10-day visa-free entry for business inspections or short-term cooperation.
Investment Collaboration
Key sectors include energy, infrastructure, and agriculture. For example, Chongqing and Samarkand regions held a trade matching event in 2023, focusing on agricultural cooperation.
三、来华学习机会：减贫经验与科技合作
III. Educational Opportunities in China: Poverty Alleviation & Tech Collaboration
减贫与发展研修班
中国通过“上合组织国家减贫与发展重庆研修班”等项目，向乌兹别克斯坦分享产业扶贫、乡村振兴经验。例如，2024年乌兹别克斯坦就业与减贫部37名官员赴渝学习“一户一策”精准帮扶模式，实地调研重庆产业扶贫案例。
科技合作与人才培养
2024年启动的“城市韧性”科技合作项目，吸引了乌兹别克斯坦35名青年科学家来华学习建筑防灾技术。项目涵盖政策解读、企业参访及国际科研合作，助力乌方提升城市规划与应急管理能力。
留学政策红利与就业机会
乌兹别克斯坦学生来华留学正搭乘“一带一路”合作快车，形成政策、语言与就业的良性循环：中国政府及中乌高校专项奖学金（如“丝绸之路”计划、中资企业合作基金）大幅降低留学成本，理工、汉语国际教育等学科获优先资助，部分项目免笔试入学门槛亲民；高校提供“1年汉语预科+中英双语专业”培养路径，学生完成HSK 4级即可衔接本科，工程、农业、商科等专业与中亚基建、跨境电商需求深度对接；毕业后可凭语言优势进入中乌合资企业、跨境项目组或涉外法律领域，薪资较本土从业者高30%以上，实现“留学增值-中亚就业”的无缝衔接。
Poverty Reduction Training Programs
China shares poverty alleviation expertise through projects like the "SCO Poverty Reduction & Development Training Program in Chongqing". In 2024, 37 officials from Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Employment and Poverty Reduction studied targeted poverty alleviation models in rural China.
Tech Cooperation & Talent Development
The 2024 "Urban Resilience" Science Program attracted 35 young Uzbek scientists to China for disaster-resistant construction technology training. The program includes policy workshops, corporate visits, and international research collaboration.
The dividends of study abroad policies and employment opportunities
Uzbek students studying in China are taking the "the Belt and Road" cooperation express train, forming a virtuous circle of policy, language and employment: special scholarships from the Chinese government and Chinese Uzbek universities (such as the "Silk Road" plan, Chinese funded enterprise cooperation funds) have significantly reduced the cost of studying abroad, science and engineering, Chinese language international education and other disciplines have been given priority to support, and some projects are free of written test entry threshold for the people; Universities offer a "1-year Chinese preparatory course+bilingual major in Chinese and English" training path, where students can complete HSK level 4 to connect to undergraduate programs. Majors such as engineering, agriculture, and business are closely aligned with the needs of Central Asian infrastructure and cross-border e-commerce; After graduation, students can enter Sino Ukrainian joint ventures, cross-border project teams, or foreign-related legal fields based on their language advantages, with salaries more than 30% higher than local practitioners, achieving a seamless connection between "value-added study abroad and employment in Central Asia".
四、签证办理流程：材料清单与注意事项
IV. Visa Application Process: Required Documents & Key Tips
签证类型与条件
免签政策：自2021年3月1日起，乌兹别克斯坦公民持普通护照可免签入境中国10日，需提供返程或赴第三国机票。
短期签证：停留期15天以下需办理单次签证，费用25美元；30天以下为60美元。需提交护照原件、邀请函、签证申请表（在线填写并打印）、照片等材料。
长期签证：停留期超30天需提供乌外交部返签批文，费用根据停留时长递增。
办理步骤
确认签证类型：根据来华目的选择旅游、商务、工作或学习签证。
准备材料：护照有效期需超6个月，含空白签证页。
邀请函需注明乌外交部返签批文号，商务签证需中方公司营业执照副本及派遣函。
填写英文签证申请表（evisa.mfa.uz），内容需完整准确。
递交申请：乌兹别克斯坦公民需向中国驻乌大使馆或领事馆提交材料。
商务签证需中方企业通过外交部领事司办理返签批文。
审批与领取：审批周期为7个工作日，可选择自取或邮寄。
特殊情况处理逾期滞留：因不可抗力导致滞留，可持相关证明在当地移民局办理出境签。
居留登记：停留超3天需在3个工作日内完成临时居留登记，可通过emehmon.uz网站自助办理。
Visa Types & Conditions
Visa-Free Entry: Uzbek citizens holding ordinary passports may enter China visa-free for up to 10 days with proof of onward/return tickets (effective since March 1, 2021).
Short-Term Visas (≤15 days): Single-entry visa fee: 25USD∗∗;(≤30days):∗∗60 USD. Required documents:Original passport (valid >6 months, with blank pages).
Invitation letter (with Uzbek Ministry of Foreign Affairs approval number for business visas).
Online visa application form (evisa.mfa.uz, printed in English).
Recent passport-style photo.
Long-Term Visas (>30 days): Requires a return visa approval from the Uzbek Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Fees vary by duration.
Application Steps
Confirm Visa Type: Select tourism (L), business (M), work (Z), or study (X) visa based on purpose.
Prepare Documents:For business visas: Include the Chinese company’s business license copy and dispatch letter.
Fill out the English visa application form (evisa.mfa.uz) accurately.
Submit Application:Submit materials to the Chinese Embassy/Consulate in Uzbekistan.
Business visas require Chinese companies to apply for a return visa approval via the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Consular Department.
Approval & Collection: Processing time: 7 working days. Choose self-collection or mail
小结
中乌关系的深化为乌兹别克斯坦公民来华提供了广阔机遇。无论是拓展商业版图、学习先进经验，还是参与科研合作，均需严格遵循签证政策与流程。建议申请人提前规划，关注中国驻乌使领馆公告，确保材料完备、流程合规，顺利开启中国之旅。
Conclusions
The deepening of China Uzbekistan relations has provided broad opportunities for Uzbek citizens to come to China. Whether it is expanding business territory, learning advanced experience, or participating in scientific research cooperation, strict adherence to visa policies and procedures is required. It is recommended that applicants plan ahead and pay attention to the announcements of the Chinese Embassy in Ukraine to ensure complete materials and compliance with procedures, and smoothly embark on their journey to China.
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How can Belarusians apply for a visa to China?白俄罗斯人来华签证如何办理？