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一、中国与古巴双方友好关系
I.The friendly relations between China and Cuba
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从 1960 年建交时跨越太平洋的握手，到如今风雨同舟六十余载，中国与古巴的友谊如加勒比海的阳光般炽热绵长。我们共享理想与信念，在医疗领域携手守护生命（古巴医疗队的足迹曾遍布中国多地，中国援助亦持续助力古巴民生发展），在文化交融中传递温情（“汉语桥” 赛事、古巴中国文化中心成为民心相通的纽带），更在经贸合作里共筑互利之路。这份跨越山海的情谊，早已化作两国人民心底的默契 —— 当古巴朋友踏上中国土地，迎接他们的不仅是热情的笑容，更是一份无需言说的亲切与信赖。
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Since the handshake across the Pacific at the time of diplomatic relations establishment in 1960, China and Cuba have stood together through thick and thin for over six decades, and their friendship is as warm and enduring as the sunshine of the Caribbean Sea. We share ideals and beliefs, joining hands to safeguard lives in the medical field (the footprints of Cuban medical teams have spread across many parts of China, and China's assistance has also continuously boosted Cuba's people's well-being development), conveying warmth in cultural integration (the "Chinese Bridge" competition and the Cuba-China Cultural Center have become bonds for people-to-people connectivity), and building a road of mutual benefit in economic and trade cooperation. This friendship that transcends mountains and seas has long become a tacit understanding in the hearts of the two peoples — when Cuban friends set foot on Chinese soil, what greets them is not only warm smiles, but also an unspeakable kindness and trust.
二、古巴人来华工作的机遇
II. Opportunities for Cuban to work in China
一、政策为桥：搭建便捷就业通道
中国始终以开放姿态迎接古巴人才，一系列友好政策为他们筑牢 “落脚基石”。工作签证办理流程不断优化，针对中古合作项目的人才可享受 “绿色通道”，缩短审批周期；部分地方政府还推出配套支持，如提供临时住房补贴、免费汉语培训课程，甚至联合企业搭建 “中古人才对接平台”，让古巴朋友无需奔波，就能精准对接岗位信息。这份政策暖意，正是两国友谊在就业领域的生动延伸。
二、需求为帆：多领域亟待携手发力
随着中国与拉美合作深化、国内产业升级，多个领域对古巴人才的需求持续攀升。医疗领域，基层医院、康养机构渴求拥有丰富临床经验的古巴医护人员，助力完善社区健康服务；西班牙语服务领域，国际贸易公司、文旅平台急需熟悉中西方文化的古巴从业者，担任沟通桥梁；文化交流领域，学校、艺术机构也在招募古巴教师、艺术家，推动西班牙语教学与古巴音乐、舞蹈等特色文化的传播，处处都是施展才华的舞台。
三、优势为桨：古巴人才自带 “闪光点”
古巴人才的独特优势，恰好与中国市场需求高度契合。古巴医疗体系享誉世界，医护人员历经系统培训，兼具专业素养与人文关怀，能快速适应中国医疗场景；多数古巴人才精通西班牙语与英语，且对中国文化抱有浓厚兴趣，在跨文化沟通中更易达成默契；此外，古巴艺术家、设计师在音乐、绘画等领域的创意表达独具特色，也成为中国文创产业、艺术机构眼中的 “香饽饽”。这些自带的 “闪光点”，让他们在中国职场中更具竞争力。
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1. Policy as a Bridge: Building a Convenient Employment Path
China has always welcomed Cuban talents with an open attitude, and a series of friendly policies have laid a solid "foundation for settlement" for them. The application process for work visas has been continuously optimized, and talents involved in China-Cuba cooperation projects can enjoy a "green channel" to shorten the approval cycle. Some local governments have also launched supporting measures, such as providing temporary housing subsidies, free Chinese language training courses, and even cooperating with enterprises to build a "China-Cuba Talent Matching Platform". This allows Cuban friends to accurately connect with job information without rushing around. This warmth of policy is a vivid extension of the friendship between the two countries in the field of employment.
2. Demand as a Sail: Multiple Fields Urgently Need Collaboration
With the deepening of cooperation between China and Latin America and the upgrading of domestic industries, the demand for Cuban talents in multiple fields continues to rise. In the medical field, primary hospitals and elderly care institutions are eager for Cuban medical staff with rich clinical experience to help improve community health services. In the Spanish service field, international trade companies and cultural tourism platforms are in urgent need of Cuban professionals familiar with Chinese and Western cultures to serve as communication bridges. In the cultural exchange field, schools and art institutions are also recruiting Cuban teachers and artists to promote Spanish teaching and the spread of characteristic cultures such as Cuban music and dance. There are stages everywhere to display their talents.
3. Strengths as Oars: Cuban Talents Have Inherent "Highlights"
The unique strengths of Cuban talents are highly aligned with the needs of the Chinese market. Cuba's medical system is world-renowned, and medical staff have received systematic training, with both professional qualities and humanistic care, enabling them to quickly adapt to Chinese medical scenarios. Most Cuban talents are proficient in Spanish and English and have a strong interest in Chinese culture, making it easier for them to reach a tacit understanding in cross-cultural communication. In addition, Cuban artists and designers have unique creative expressions in fields such as music and painting, which have also become "favorites" among China's cultural and creative industries and art institutions. These inherent "highlights" make them more competitive in the Chinese workplace.
三、古巴人来华学习的机会
III. Opportunities for Cuban to study in China
一、政策护航：为留学路铺就 “快车道”
中国以开放的政策姿态，为古巴学子搭建起便捷的留学通道。针对古巴留学生，中国简化了签证申请流程，设立专项材料审核通道，缩短办理周期；多所高校还推出 “中古友好入学计划”，为古巴学生提供灵活的语言预科课程 —— 即便中文基础薄弱，也能通过针对性培训快速适应课堂；部分教育部门更联合高校搭建 “留学服务平台”，从院校选择、申请指导到行前准备全程提供协助，让古巴学子跨越山海来中国求学，无需顾虑流程繁杂。
二、需求导向：留学后有广阔 “用武地”
随着中国与拉美经贸、文化合作不断深化，懂西班牙语、熟悉古巴及拉美文化的人才愈发紧缺，这也让古巴留学生在中国拥有天然的就业优势。外贸领域，企业急需能搭建中古商务沟通桥梁的人才；文旅行业，精通双语的古巴学子可参与中古旅游推广、文化展览策划；教育领域，掌握西班牙语的古巴毕业生还能进入语言机构、国际学校任教。提前来中国留学，不仅能收获知识，更能抢占未来就业的 “先机”，让所学与市场需求精准对接。
三、奖学金托底：解除求学 “后顾之忧”
为减轻古巴学子的经济压力，中国构建了多层次的奖学金体系，为留学之路 “保驾护航”。国家层面，“中国政府奖学金” 覆盖学费、住宿费，还提供每月生活补贴，部分项目可报销往返机票；高校层面，多所重点院校设立 “中古友好专项奖学金”，针对古巴学生放宽申请条件，成绩优异者还能获得额外的科研补助；此外，部分地方政府与企业也推出 “校企合作奖学金”，鼓励古巴学子攻读与当地产业相关的专业，毕业后更有机会直接进入合作企业工作，实现 “留学 — 就业” 无缝衔接。
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1. Policy Escort: Building a "Fast Track" for Studying Abroad
With an open policy stance, China has built a convenient study-abroad channel for Cuban students. For Cuban international students, China has simplified the visa application process, established a special document review channel to shorten the processing cycle. Many universities have also launched the "China-Cuba Friendship Enrollment Program", providing flexible language preparatory courses for Cuban students — even those with weak Chinese foundations can quickly adapt to classes through targeted training. Some education departments have further cooperated with universities to build a "study-abroad service platform", offering assistance throughout the process from university selection, application guidance to pre-departure preparation. This allows Cuban students to study in China across mountains and seas without worrying about complicated procedures.
2. Demand-Oriented: Broad "Career Prospects" After Studying
As China's economic, trade and cultural cooperation with Latin America continues to deepen, talents who understand Spanish and are familiar with Cuban and Latin American cultures are becoming increasingly scarce, giving Cuban international students a natural employment advantage in China. In the foreign trade field, enterprises are in urgent need of talents who can build a business communication bridge between China and Cuba. In the cultural and tourism industry, Cuban students proficient in bilingualism can participate in China-Cuba tourism promotion and cultural exhibition planning. In the education field, Cuban graduates who master Spanish can also teach in language institutions and international schools. Studying in China in advance not only allows them to gain knowledge, but also seize the "first opportunity" for future employment, aligning what they have learned with market demand.
3. Scholarship Support: Relieving "Worries Behind" Studying
To reduce the financial pressure on Cuban students, China has built a multi-level scholarship system to "escort" their study-abroad journey. At the national level, the "Chinese Government Scholarship" covers tuition fees and accommodation fees, and also provides a monthly living allowance. Some programs can reimburse round-trip air tickets. At the university level, many key universities have established the "China-Cuba Friendship Special Scholarship", relaxing the application requirements for Cuban students. Outstanding students can also receive additional research subsidies. In addition, some local governments and enterprises have also launched "school-enterprise cooperation scholarships" to encourage Cuban students to study majors related to local industries. After graduation, they have the opportunity to directly work in cooperative enterprises, realizing a seamless connection between "studying abroad and employment".
四、签证办理指南
IV. Visa Application Guide
（1）签证类型与基础材料
工作签证（Z签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件（空白签证页≥3页）。
彩色打印的签证申请表（需在线填写并签字，网址：https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/）。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中国雇主出具的邀请函原件或传真件。
单位派遣函。
护照首页复印件。
特殊要求：需提供无犯罪记录证明、学历证明及体检证明（部分使领馆可能要求）。
学习签证（X签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
录取通知书原件及《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》（JW201/202表）。
资金担保证明（如银行存款证明）。
注意事项：申请X1签证（长期学习）需在入境后30日内申办居留证件。
商务签证（M签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中方公司出具的邀请函（需包含经贸活动详情、费用承担方等信息）。
派遣函（需包含申请人信息、职位、出访目的等）。
特殊要求：若非在国籍国申请，需提供合法停留或居留证明。
（2）办理流程
在线填写申请表：登录中国签证在线办理系统（https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/），如实填写并提交申请表。上传符合要求的照片（近期、正面、彩色、免冠）。
递交材料：网上初审通过后，无需预约即可前往中国驻古巴大使馆或签证申请中心递交护照及材料。
需留存十指指纹（未满14周岁或超过70周岁人员、持外交护照人员等可免采）。
缴费与等待审批：
缴费标准：普通签证费用因签证类型及有效期而异（如Z签证费用约2435元人民币起，含手续费）。
审批时间：普通4个工作日，加急3个工作日（含递交护照当日）。
领取签证：审批通过后，凭取证单及缴费凭证领取护照及签证。
（3）注意事项材料真实性：
所有材料需真实、完整，虚假材料将导致拒签或入境受阻。
邀请函要求：邀请函需明确访问目的、时间、停留期、费用承担方等信息，并由邀请人亲笔签名（电子签名无效）。
生物信息采集：除免采指纹人员外，均需到馆采集指纹。
加急服务：加急费约1000元人民币/人，3个工作日出签。
入境后手续：持Z签证或X1签证入境后，需在30日内向拟居留地公安机关申办居留证件。
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(1) Visa Type and Basic Materials:
Core materials for a work visa (Z visa) :
An original passport valid for more than 6 months (with at least 3 blank visa pages).
Color print visa application form (online fill out and sign, url: https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/).
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original invitation letter issued by the Chinese employer or the fax copy. Unit dispatch letter.
A copy of the first page of the passport.
Special requirements: A certificate of no criminal record, academic qualifications and a physical examination certificate must be provided (some embassies and consulates may require this).
Core materials for the study visa (X visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original admission notice and the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China" (JW201/202 form). Proof of financial guarantee (such as bank deposit certificate).
Note: To apply for the X1 visa (long-term study), a residence permit must be applied for within 30 days after entry.
Core materials for a business visa (M visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The invitation letter issued by the Chinese company (which should include details of the economic and trade activities, the party bearing the costs, etc.).
Dispatch letter (which should include the applicant's information, position, purpose of visit, etc.)
Special requirements: If the application is not made in the country of nationality, a legal proof of stay or residence must be provided.
(2)fill out the application formonline process:
Fill out the online application form: login Chinese visa online conduction system (https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/), truthfully fill out and submit the application form. Upload photos that meet the requirements (recent, frontal, color, and bareheaded).
Submission of materials: After the initial online review is passed, you can go to the Chinese Embassy in Cuba or the Visa Application Center to submit your passport and materials without making an appointment. Fingerprints of all ten fingers need to be retained (those under 14 years old or over 70 years old, holders of diplomatic passports, etc. are exempt from collection).
Payment and waiting for approval:
Payment standards: The cost of a regular visa varies depending on the visa type and validity period (for example, the cost of a Z visa starts from approximately 2,435 RMB, including handling fees).
Approval time: 4 working days for regular approval and 3 working days for expedited approval (including the day of passport submission).
Visa collection: After approval, collect your passport and visa with the receipt and payment voucher.
(3) Notes the Authenticity of Materials:
All materials must be true and complete. False materials will result in visa rejection or obstruction of entry.
Invitation letter requirements: The invitation letter must clearly state the purpose of the visit, time, duration of stay, and the party bearing the expenses, etc., and be signed by the inviter in person (electronic signatures are invalid).
Biometric information collection: All individuals except those exempted from fingerprint collection are required to come to the library for fingerprint collection.
Express service: The express fee is approximately 1,000 RMB per person, and the visa will be issued within 3 working days.
After entry procedures: After entering the country with a Z visa or X1 visa, you need to apply for a residence permit from the public security organ of the intended place of residence within 30 days.
结语Conclusion
山海相隔，却挡不住心与心的靠近；语言有界，也隔不断情与情的交融。从工作舞台上的并肩协作，到校园课堂里的求知探索，中国早已为古巴朋友敞开了温暖的怀抱 —— 这里有实现理想的机遇，有包容多元的土壤，更有藏在街巷里的烟火气与真诚笑意。每一位踏上这片土地的古巴友人，都是中古友谊的见证者与续写者；而中国也期待着，在双向的奔赴里，与古巴共绘更多温暖的篇章。
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Mountains and seas lie between us, yet they cannot block the closeness of our hearts; languages have boundaries, but they cannot separate the connection of our affections. From collaborating side by side on work stages to pursuing knowledge in campus classrooms, China has long opened its warm arms to Cuban friends — here, there are opportunities to realize dreams, a tolerant and diverse environment, and more importantly, the warmth of daily life hidden in the streets and sincere smiles. Every Cuban friend who sets foot on this land is a witness and a contributor to the friendship between China and Cuba; and China looks forward to, in this mutual journey, co-creating more warm chapters with Cuba.
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