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一、中国与爱尔兰双方友好关系
I.The friendly relations between China and Ireland
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自1979年6月22日建交以来，中国与有 “翡翠岛国” 之称的爱尔兰，在无历史纠葛的沃土上，培育出跨越亚欧大陆的深厚情谊。2012年，两国升级为互惠战略伙伴关系，成为不同体量、文明国家共处的典范。
经贸领域早已结出硕果：2023年双边贸易额达217.6亿美元，较建交时增长4200余倍，中国成为爱尔兰亚太最大贸易伙伴，比亚迪电动车、中广核风电等合作更绘就绿色发展蓝图。人文交流则如纽带紧密相连：汉语自2022年纳入爱尔兰高考，3孔子学院与13所孔子课堂播撒文化种子，都柏林连续17年点亮 “中国红” 庆新春，70余个高校合作项目与8对友好省郡，让王尔德的文字与《大河之舞》的节拍在两国间共鸣。2024年免签政策与直航恢复，更让这份友好化作实实在在的往来便利。
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Since the establishment of diplomatic ties on June 22, 1979, China and Ireland, the "Emerald Isle", have nurtured a profound bond across Eurasia on the foundation of no historical grievances. In 2012, the two countries upgraded their relations to a mutually beneficial strategic partnership, setting an example for coexistence between nations of different sizes and civilizations.
Remarkable achievements have been made in economic and trade cooperation: bilateral trade volume reached $21.76 billion in 2023, over 4,200 times that of the early diplomatic days. China has become Ireland's largest trading partner in the Asia-Pacific region, with collaborations like BYD electric vehicles and CGN wind power painting a blueprint for green development. People-to-people exchanges serve as a tight link: Chinese became an Irish college entrance exam subject in 2022, 3 Confucius Institutes and 13 Confucius Classrooms spread cultural seeds, Dublin has lit up "Chinese red" for 17 consecutive years to celebrate Spring Festival, and over 70 university cooperation programs plus 8 pairs of sister provinces/cities let Wilde's words resonate with the rhythm of Riverdance between the two nations. The visa-free policy and direct flight resumption in 2024 have further turned this friendship into tangible travel convenience.
二、爱尔兰人来华工作的机遇
II. Opportunities for Irish to work in China
一、产业协同：双向需求的价值共振
中爱经贸的深度绑定催生精准人才缺口。作为爱尔兰在亚洲的最大贸易伙伴，中国市场对爱尔兰优势产业人才的渴求正持续升温：“欧洲硅谷” 的技术基因与中国数字经济浪潮碰撞，软件开发、数据分析人才成为字节跳动等科技企业的 “抢手货”；都柏林金融中心的专业经验，契合上海、北京跨境金融合作的需求，爱尔兰金融顾问在绿色债券、国际投融资领域屡获青睐。更值得关注的是，两国在风电、新能源汽车等绿色产业的合作（如中广核与爱尔兰企业的技术对接），正为爱尔兰工程师打开新赛道，这类跨界人才的薪资溢价较传统行业高出30%以上。
二、政策赋能：人才流动的便利通道
中国的人才开放政策为爱尔兰从业者铺就 “快车道”。针对高端技术人才的R字签证可实现 “申请即受理”，而外国人来华工作许可的 “负面清单” 管理模式，让IT、医疗、教育等爱尔兰优势领域人才无需繁琐审批。叠加2024年中爱互免签证政策及直航恢复，短期商务考察与长期工作衔接更趋顺畅。值得一提的是，中国对 “关键技能人才” 的认定与爱尔兰《就业许可法》中的紧缺职业清单高度契合，持爱尔兰关键技能许可者可优先获得中国工作资格认证，实现职业资质跨境互认。
三、文化桥梁：文明互鉴的职业新维
跨文化能力成为爱尔兰人才的独特竞争力。随着汉语纳入爱尔兰高考，3所孔子学院与13所孔子课堂亟需兼具英语母语能力与中国文化认知的教学人才，这类岗位在国际学校的需求年增25%。同时，中爱影视、艺术领域的合作（如《大河之舞》中国巡演常态化），推动文化创意人才需求激增。更深远的是，熟悉两国商业文化的爱尔兰从业者，在帮助中企开拓欧洲市场、爱企对接中国供应链中扮演关键角色，这类 “双市场通才” 在咨询行业的年薪已达60 万-100万元人民币。
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I. Industrial Synergy: Value Resonance from Mutual Demand
The deep economic and trade ties between China and Ireland have created targeted talent gaps. As Ireland’s largest trading partner in Asia, China’s market is increasingly hungry for professionals in Ireland’s advantageous sectors: The tech DNA of the "European Silicon Valley" aligns with China’s digital economy boom, making software development and data analysis talents highly sought-after by tech giants like ByteDance ; The professional experience from Dublin’s financial center fits the needs of cross-border financial cooperation in Shanghai and Beijing, with Irish financial consultants gaining popularity in green bonds and international investment . Notably, Sino-Irish cooperation in wind power, new energy vehicles and other green industries (e.g., tech collaboration between CGN and Irish enterprises) has opened new avenues for Irish engineers, with salary premiums for such interdisciplinary talents exceeding 30% compared to traditional industries .
II.Policy Empowerment: Convenient Channels for Talent Mobility
China’s talent opening policies have paved a "fast track" for Irish professionals. The R-type visa for high-end technical talents enables "on-demand processing," while the "negative list" management for foreign work permits exempts talents in Ireland’s strengths (IT, healthcare, education) from cumbersome approvals . Combined with the 2024 mutual visa exemption policy and resumption of direct flights, the transition between short-term business visits and long-term work has become smoother. Importantly, China’s recognition of "key skilled talents" highly aligns with the shortage occupation list in Ireland’s Employment Permit Acts, allowing holders of Irish Critical Skills Permits to prioritize Chinese work qualification certification, realizing cross-border mutual recognition of professional credentials .
III. Cultural Bridge: New Dimensions in Civilization Exchange
Cross-cultural competence has become a unique advantage for Irish talents. With Chinese included in Ireland’s college entrance exams, 3 Confucius Institutes and 13 Confucius Classrooms are in urgent need of educators with native English proficiency and Chinese cultural literacy, with demand for such positions in international schools growing by 25% annually . Meanwhile, Sino-Irish cooperation in film, television and arts (e.g., regular tours of Riverdance in China) has driven surging demand for cultural and creative talents. More profoundly, Irish professionals familiar with both business cultures play a key role in helping Chinese enterprises enter European markets and Irish firms connect with Chinese supply chains—such "dual-market experts" now earn annual salaries of 600,000 to 1,000,000 RMB in the consulting industry .
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三、爱尔兰人来华学习的机会
III. Opportunities for Irish to study in China
一、学术协同：跨域融合的知识蓝海
中爱教育合作的深度布局，为爱尔兰学子开辟了独特的学术赛道。2024年中爱合作办学年会汇聚两国49家教育单位，共探联合培养新模式，长安大学与都柏林大学共建的国际交通学院便是典型例证——其交通运输工程 “双一流” 学科将中国基建技术与欧洲工程标准深度融合，成为跨学科学习的标杆。中国在新能源、数字经济等领域的学术突破与爱尔兰 “欧洲硅谷” 的产业优势形成互补：清华大学的光伏材料研究、浙江大学的人工智能实验室，正为专攻科技领域的爱尔兰学生提供前沿科研平台；而中医、汉语言文学等特色学科更成为文化探索的窗口，配合国家留学基金委的互换奖学金项目（涵盖学费、生活费及国际旅费），让学术深造成本显著降低。这种 “专业互补+官方支持” 的模式，使中国成为爱尔兰学生拓宽知识边界的优选地。
二、政策赋能：便捷畅通的留学通道
中国持续升级的开放政策，为爱尔兰学子赴华扫清了流程障碍。2024年3月起，爱尔兰纳入中国单方面免签政策覆盖范围，15天免签入境政策为短期学术交流、院校考察提供了极大便利，而留学审批手续简化、部分申请人免采指纹等措施，更让长期留学申请效率倍增。政策红利与教育合作形成共振：中爱双方正探索跨境教育质量评估体系与资源共享机制，爱尔兰学生可通过联合培养项目无缝衔接两国学分，长安都柏林国际交通学院的实践表明，这类项目毕业生的跨文化学术能力广受认可。从短期访学到学位深造，多层次的政策支持让 “赴华学习” 从规划变为轻松实践。
三、职业前瞻：双市场通才的成长沃土
中国的发展动能与中爱经贸纽带，让留华经历成为职业竞争力的 “加分项”。作为爱尔兰在亚太的最大贸易伙伴，中国市场对 “懂技术、通文化” 的复合型人才需求旺盛——熟悉中国数字经济生态的爱尔兰学子，在华为、腾讯等中企欧洲总部颇受青睐；而深耕绿色能源领域的学习者，更能借助中广核与爱尔兰企业的合作网络拓展职业路径。汉语能力的价值在此尤为凸显：随着汉语纳入爱尔兰高考，兼具中文素养与专业能力的毕业生，在跨境贸易、文化交流等领域的年薪可达60万-100万元人民币。留华经历不仅是学术履历的亮点，更是打通亚欧市场的职业 “金钥匙”。
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I. Academic Synergy: A Knowledge Blue Ocean of Cross-Disciplinary Integration
The in-depth layout of China-Ireland educational cooperation has opened a unique academic path for Irish students. The 2024 China-Ireland Cooperative Education Annual Conference brought together 49 educational institutions from both countries to explore new models of joint education. The International Transportation College co-founded by Chang'an University and University College Dublin is a typical example—its "Double First-Class" discipline of transportation engineering integrates China's infrastructure technology with European engineering standards, setting a benchmark for interdisciplinary learning . China's academic breakthroughs in new energy, digital economy and other fields complement Ireland's industrial strengths as the "European Silicon Valley": Tsinghua University's research on photovoltaic materials and Zhejiang University's artificial intelligence laboratory provide cutting-edge scientific research platforms for Irish students specializing in technology. Meanwhile, characteristic disciplines such as traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese language and literature serve as windows for cultural exploration. Coupled with the China Scholarship Council's exchange scholarship program (covering tuition, living expenses and international travel costs), the cost of academic further study is significantly reduced . This "professional complementarity + official support" model makes China a preferred destination for Irish students to expand their intellectual horizons.
II.Policy Empowerment: A Convenient and Unobstructed Study Channel
China's continuously upgraded opening-up policies have removed procedural barriers for Irish students coming to study. Since March 2024, Ireland has been included in China's unilateral visa-free policy. The 15-day visa-free entry policy greatly facilitates short-term academic exchanges and institutional visits. Measures such as simplified study abroad approval procedures and exemption from fingerprint collection for some applicants have also significantly improved the efficiency of long-term study applications. Policy dividends resonate with educational cooperation: China and Ireland are exploring cross-border education quality assessment systems and resource sharing mechanisms. Irish students can seamlessly transfer credits between the two countries through joint education programs. As demonstrated by the Chang'an Dublin International Transportation College, graduates of such programs are widely recognized for their cross-cultural academic capabilities. From short-term study visits to degree programs, multi-level policy support turns "studying in China" from a plan into a smooth practice.
III.Career Prospects: A Fertile Ground for "Dual-Market Talents"
China's development momentum and China-Ireland economic and trade ties make the experience of studying in China a valuable "plus" for career competitiveness. As Ireland's largest trading partner in the Asia-Pacific region, the Chinese market has a strong demand for compound talents who "understand technology and culture"—Irish students familiar with China's digital economy ecosystem are highly sought after by Chinese enterprises such as Huawei and Tencent at their European headquarters. Learners specializing in green energy can further expand their career paths through the cooperation network between CGN and Irish enterprises. The value of Chinese language proficiency is particularly prominent here: with Chinese included in Ireland's college entrance examination, graduates with both Chinese literacy and professional skills can earn annual salaries of 600,000 to 1,000,000 RMB in fields such as cross-border trade and cultural exchanges . Studying in China is not only a highlight of academic resumes, but also a professional "golden key" to connecting the Eurasian markets.
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四、签证办理指南
IV. Visa Application Guide
（1）签证类型与基础材料
工作签证（Z签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件（空白签证页≥3页）。
彩色打印的签证申请表（需在线填写并签字，网址：https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/）。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中国雇主出具的邀请函原件或传真件。
单位派遣函。
护照首页复印件。
特殊要求：需提供无犯罪记录证明、学历证明及体检证明（部分使领馆可能要求）。
学习签证（X签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
录取通知书原件及《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》（JW201/202表）。
资金担保证明（如银行存款证明）。
注意事项：申请X1签证（长期学习）需在入境后30日内申办居留证件。
商务签证（M签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中方公司出具的邀请函（需包含经贸活动详情、费用承担方等信息）。
派遣函（需包含申请人信息、职位、出访目的等）。
特殊要求：若非在国籍国申请，需提供合法停留或居留证明。
（2）办理流程
在线填写申请表：登录中国签证在线办理系统（https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/），如实填写并提交申请表。上传符合要求的照片（近期、正面、彩色、免冠）。
递交材料：网上初审通过后，无需预约即可前往中国驻爱尔兰大使馆或签证申请中心递交护照及材料。
需留存十指指纹（未满14周岁或超过70周岁人员、持外交护照人员等可免采）。
缴费与等待审批：
缴费标准：普通签证费用因签证类型及有效期而异（如Z签证费用约2435元人民币起，含手续费）。
审批时间：普通4个工作日，加急3个工作日（含递交护照当日）。
领取签证：审批通过后，凭取证单及缴费凭证领取护照及签证。
（3）注意事项材料真实性：
所有材料需真实、完整，虚假材料将导致拒签或入境受阻。
邀请函要求：邀请函需明确访问目的、时间、停留期、费用承担方等信息，并由邀请人亲笔签名（电子签名无效）。
生物信息采集：除免采指纹人员外，均需到馆采集指纹。
加急服务：加急费约1000元人民币/人，3个工作日出签。
入境后手续：持Z签证或X1签证入境后，需在30日内向拟居留地公安机关申办居留证件。
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(1) Visa Type and Basic Materials:
Core materials for a work visa (Z visa) :
An original passport valid for more than 6 months (with at least 3 blank visa pages).
Color print visa application form (online fill out and sign, url: https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/).
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original invitation letter issued by the Chinese employer or the fax copy. Unit dispatch letter.
A copy of the first page of the passport.
Special requirements: A certificate of no criminal record, academic qualifications and a physical examination certificate must be provided (some embassies and consulates may require this).
Core materials for the study visa (X visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original admission notice and the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China" (JW201/202 form). Proof of financial guarantee (such as bank deposit certificate).
Note: To apply for the X1 visa (long-term study), a residence permit must be applied for within 30 days after entry.
Core materials for a business visa (M visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The invitation letter issued by the Chinese company (which should include details of the economic and trade activities, the party bearing the costs, etc.).
Dispatch letter (which should include the applicant's information, position, purpose of visit, etc.)
Special requirements: If the application is not made in the country of nationality, a legal proof of stay or residence must be provided.
(2)fill out the application formonline process:
Fill out the online application form: login Chinese visa online conduction system (https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/), truthfully fill out and submit the application form. Upload photos that meet the requirements (recent, frontal, color, and bareheaded).
Submission of materials: After the initial online review is passed, you can go to the Chinese Embassy in Ireland or the Visa Application Center to submit your passport and materials without making an appointment. Fingerprints of all ten fingers need to be retained (those under 14 years old or over 70 years old, holders of diplomatic passports, etc. are exempt from collection).
Payment and waiting for approval:
Payment standards: The cost of a regular visa varies depending on the visa type and validity period (for example, the cost of a Z visa starts from approximately 2,435 RMB, including handling fees).
Approval time: 4 working days for regular approval and 3 working days for expedited approval (including the day of passport submission).
Visa collection: After approval, collect your passport and visa with the receipt and payment voucher.
(3) Notes the Authenticity of Materials:
All materials must be true and complete. False materials will result in visa rejection or obstruction of entry.
Invitation letter requirements: The invitation letter must clearly state the purpose of the visit, time, duration of stay, and the party bearing the expenses, etc., and be signed by the inviter in person (electronic signatures are invalid).
Biometric information collection: All individuals except those exempted from fingerprint collection are required to come to the library for fingerprint collection.
Express service: The express fee is approximately 1,000 RMB per person, and the visa will be issued within 3 working days.
After entry procedures: After entering the country with a Z visa or X1 visa, you need to apply for a residence permit from the public security organ of the intended place of residence within 30 days.
结语Conclusion
当翡翠岛的晨光掠过都柏林的利菲河畔，与东方大地的朝晖洒满广州的小蛮腰、杭州的西湖，一段跨越亚欧的双向奔赴已悄然启幕。留学中国，是在故宫的红墙下读懂文明的厚度，在高校实验室里共探科技的前沿；工作中国，是在数字经济的赛道上践行专业，在绿色合作的蓝图中创造价值。如今，互免签证消弭了山海之隔，直航航线缩短了时空距离，不妨带着爱尔兰的创新基因与探索热忱，让中国的校园成为你拓宽视野的窗口，让中国的职场成为你实现理想的沃土 —— 在这里，每一次求知都将沉淀为成长的养分，每一份奋斗都能浇灌出梦想的果实。
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When the morning light of the Emerald Isle glides over the River Liffey in Dublin, and the sunrise of the Oriental land spreads over Canton Tower in Guangzhou and West Lake in Hangzhou, a two-way journey spanning Eurasia has quietly begun. Studying in China means understanding the depth of civilization under the red walls of the Forbidden City and exploring the frontiers of science and technology together in university laboratories; Working in China means practicing professionalism on the track of the digital economy and creating value in the blueprint of green cooperation. Today, mutual visa exemption has eliminated the geographical gap, and direct flights have shortened the space-time distance. Feel free to bring Ireland’s innovative spirit and passion for exploration, let China’s campuses be your window to broaden your horizons, and let China’s workplace be the fertile ground for you to realize your ideals—here, every pursuit of knowledge will precipitate into nutrients for growth, and every effort can nurture the fruits of dreams.
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