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一、中国与丹麦双方友好关系
I.The friendly relations between China and Denmark
1950年5月11日中丹建交，2008年建立全面战略伙伴关系，是中欧务实合作重要伙伴。经贸上，中国是丹亚洲最大贸易伙伴，双方在风电、生物医药等领域合作紧密，2024年双边贸易额破180亿欧元，乐高、诺和诺德等丹企在华广泛布局。人文交流活跃，“中国文化年” 等活动定期举办，两国高校多有合作，每年数千名丹学生来华交流。
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China and Denmark established diplomatic relations on May 11, 1950, and set up a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2008. They are important partners in practical cooperation between China and Europe. In terms of economy and trade, China is Denmark's largest trading partner in Asia. The two sides have close cooperation in fields such as wind power and biomedicine. The bilateral trade volume is expected to exceed 18 billion euros in 2024. Danish enterprises such as Lego and Novo Nordisk have made extensive layouts in China. Cultural and people-to-people exchanges are active. Events such as the "Year of Chinese Culture" are held regularly. There are many cooperations between universities of the two countries. Every year, thousands of Danish students come to China for exchanges.
二、丹麦人来华工作的机遇
II. Opportunities for Danes to work in China
产业领域机遇
中国与丹麦在绿色能源、生物医药、现代农业、设计创意领域合作成果显著。丹麦相关领域专业人才，可依托中丹绿色能源联合实验室等合作平台，入职金风科技、中国医药集团等企业，或参与海上风电、可持续农业等项目，填补国内高端岗位缺口，还能享受国际竞争力薪酬与职业发展空间。
签证居留便利
丹麦公民入境中国可享144小时过境免签，短期旅游、商务入境符合条件者可申请口岸签证。申请工作签证在线提交材料，普通情况4个工作日出结果；“高精尖缺” 技术人才申请居留许可享 “容缺受理”，部分材料可后续补充，办理周期缩至3个工作日。
就业许可支持
丹麦专业人才符合中国 A、B 类标准，办理就业许可可简化材料、免交部分工作证明，审批缩至 5 个工作日；参与中丹政府合作项目的丹籍员工，凭项目主管部门推荐函，可走就业许可 “绿色通道”，无需排队审核。
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Opportunities in the industrial field
China and Denmark have achieved remarkable cooperation results in the fields of green energy, biomedicine, modern agriculture and design creativity. Professional talents in relevant fields in Denmark can rely on cooperation platforms such as the China-Denmark Green Energy Joint Laboratory to join enterprises like Goldwind Science & Technology and Sinopharm Group, or participate in projects such as offshore wind power and sustainable agriculture, filling the gap of high-end positions in China. They can also enjoy internationally competitive salaries and career development opportunities.
Visa and residence convenience
Danish citizens can enjoy a 144-hour visa-free transit when entering China. Those who meet the conditions for short-term tourism or business entry can apply for port visas. Apply for a work visa by submitting materials online. Under normal circumstances, the result will be available within 4 working days. High-precision, cutting-edge and scarce technical talents applying for residence permits will enjoy "conditional acceptance". Some materials can be supplemented later, and the processing period has been shortened to 3 working days.
Employment permit support
Danish professionals who meet China's A and B category standards can have their application materials simplified and some work certificates exempted when applying for employment permits, with the approval process shortened to five working days. Danish employees participating in Sino-Danish government cooperation projects can go through the "green channel" for employment permits with a recommendation letter from the project's competent department, without having to queue for review.
三、丹麦人来华学习的机会
III. Opportunities for Danes to study in China
联合教育项目机遇
中丹高校合作紧密，有多个高质量联合培养项目。例如清华与丹麦技术大学合办 “可再生能源与可持续发展” 双硕士项目、上海交大与哥本哈根大学合作 “生物医药创新” 博士项目，丹学生可在两国高校分段学习、共享资源，毕业后获联合学位证书，学历全球认可且受相关领域国际企业青睐。
短期研学支持
国内多所高校常组织 “中丹风电技术创新工作坊” 等中丹主题短期研学活动。丹麦学生可参与专业学习、技术实操与文化考察，完成学习获学分及结业证书，80%以上优质项目提供经费资助，覆盖学费、住宿等以降低成本。
入境与申请便利
丹麦学生短期交流、研学来华，凭高校邀请函享便捷入境；申请长期留学时，国内多所高校设英文授课专业与中文预科班，申请材料线上提交且7个工作日内可查结果，中国政府还提供覆盖学费、住宿费及月补贴的专项奖学金。
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Opportunities for joint education projects
Chinese and Danish universities have close cooperation and multiple high-quality joint training programs. For instance, Tsinghua University and the Technical University of Denmark jointly offer a dual master's program in "Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development", and Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Copenhagen collaborate on a doctoral program in "Biomedical Innovation". Danish students can study in segments at universities in both countries and share resources. After graduation, they will receive a joint degree certificate, which is globally recognized and favored by international enterprises in related fields.
Short-term study tour support
Many domestic universities often organize short-term study Tours on China-Denmark themes such as the "China-Denmark Wind Power Technology Innovation Workshop". Danish students can participate in professional studies, technical practices and cultural investigations. Upon completion of their studies, they will earn credits and a certificate of completion. Over 80% of high-quality programs offer financial support, covering tuition fees, accommodation and other expenses to reduce costs.
Convenience for entry and application
Danish students who come to China for short-term exchange or study Tours can enjoy convenient entry with an invitation letter from their university. When applying for long-term study abroad, many domestic universities offer English-taught programs and Chinese preparatory classes. Application materials can be submitted online and the results can be checked within 7 working days. The Chinese government also provides special scholarships covering tuition fees, accommodation fees and monthly subsidies.
四、签证办理指南
IV. Visa Application Guide
（1）签证类型与基础材料
工作签证（Z签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件（空白签证页≥3页）。
彩色打印的签证申请表（需在线填写并签字，网址：https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/）。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中国雇主出具的邀请函原件或传真件。
单位派遣函。
护照首页复印件。
特殊要求：需提供无犯罪记录证明、学历证明及体检证明（部分使领馆可能要求）。
学习签证（X签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
录取通知书原件及《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》（JW201/202表）。
资金担保证明（如银行存款证明）。
注意事项：申请X1签证（长期学习）需在入境后30日内申办居留证件。
商务签证（M签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中方公司出具的邀请函（需包含经贸活动详情、费用承担方等信息）。
派遣函（需包含申请人信息、职位、出访目的等）。
特殊要求：若非在国籍国申请，需提供合法停留或居留证明。
（2）办理流程
在线填写申请表：登录中国签证在线办理系统（https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/），如实填写并提交申请表。上传符合要求的照片（近期、正面、彩色、免冠）。
递交材料：网上初审通过后，无需预约即可前往中国驻丹麦大使馆或签证申请中心递交护照及材料。
需留存十指指纹（未满14周岁或超过70周岁人员、持外交护照人员等可免采）。
缴费与等待审批：
缴费标准：普通签证费用因签证类型及有效期而异（如Z签证费用约2435元人民币起，含手续费）。
审批时间：普通4个工作日，加急3个工作日（含递交护照当日）。
领取签证：审批通过后，凭取证单及缴费凭证领取护照及签证。
（3）注意事项材料真实性：
所有材料需真实、完整，虚假材料将导致拒签或入境受阻。
邀请函要求：邀请函需明确访问目的、时间、停留期、费用承担方等信息，并由邀请人亲笔签名（电子签名无效）。
生物信息采集：除免采指纹人员外，均需到馆采集指纹。
加急服务：加急费约1000元人民币/人，3个工作日出签。
入境后手续：持Z签证或X1签证入境后，需在30日内向拟居留地公安机关申办居留证件。
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(1) Visa Type and Basic Materials:
Core materials for a work visa (Z visa) :
An original passport valid for more than 6 months (with at least 3 blank visa pages).
Color print visa application form (online fill out and sign, url: https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/).
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original invitation letter issued by the Chinese employer or the fax copy. Unit dispatch letter.
A copy of the first page of the passport.
Special requirements: A certificate of no criminal record, academic qualifications and a physical examination certificate must be provided (some embassies and consulates may require this).
Core materials for the study visa (X visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original admission notice and the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China" (JW201/202 form). Proof of financial guarantee (such as bank deposit certificate).
Note: To apply for the X1 visa (long-term study), a residence permit must be applied for within 30 days after entry.
Core materials for a business visa (M visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The invitation letter issued by the Chinese company (which should include details of the economic and trade activities, the party bearing the costs, etc.).
Dispatch letter (which should include the applicant's information, position, purpose of visit, etc.)
Special requirements: If the application is not made in the country of nationality, a legal proof of stay or residence must be provided.
(2)fill out the application formonline process:
Fill out the online application form: login Chinese visa online conduction system (https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/), truthfully fill out and submit the application form. Upload photos that meet the requirements (recent, frontal, color, and bareheaded).
Submission of materials: After the initial online review is passed, you can go to the Chinese Embassy in Denmark or the Visa Application Center to submit your passport and materials without making an appointment. Fingerprints of all ten fingers need to be retained (those under 14 years old or over 70 years old, holders of diplomatic passports, etc. are exempt from collection).
Payment and waiting for approval:
Payment standards: The cost of a regular visa varies depending on the visa type and validity period (for example, the cost of a Z visa starts from approximately 2,435 RMB, including handling fees).
Approval time: 4 working days for regular approval and 3 working days for expedited approval (including the day of passport submission).
Visa collection: After approval, collect your passport and visa with the receipt and payment voucher.
(3) Notes the Authenticity of Materials:
All materials must be true and complete. False materials will result in visa rejection or obstruction of entry.
Invitation letter requirements: The invitation letter must clearly state the purpose of the visit, time, duration of stay, and the party bearing the expenses, etc., and be signed by the inviter in person (electronic signatures are invalid).
Biometric information collection: All individuals except those exempted from fingerprint collection are required to come to the library for fingerprint collection.
Express service: The express fee is approximately 1,000 RMB per person, and the visa will be issued within 3 working days.
After entry procedures: After entering the country with a Z visa or X1 visa, you need to apply for a residence permit from the public security organ of the intended place of residence within 30 days.
结语Conclusion
未来，中国与丹麦可深化绿色能源合作，推动海上风电技术研发与项目落地、探索碳中和方案；拓展生物医药合作，加强创新药物研发与临床研究联动；依托文化交流平台扩大设计创意等领域互鉴，增加互派留学生规模，以技术创新与文明交流实现更高水平互利共赢，续写友好合作新篇章。
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In the future, China and Denmark can deepen their cooperation in green energy, promote the research and development of offshore wind power technologies and the implementation of projects, and explore carbon-neutral solutions. Expand cooperation in biomedicine and strengthen the linkage between the research and development of innovative drugs and clinical research. Relying on the cultural exchange platform, we will expand mutual learning in areas such as design creativity, increase the scale of mutual exchange of students, achieve higher-level mutual benefit and win-win results through technological innovation and cultural exchanges, and write a new chapter of friendly cooperation.
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