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一、中国与拉脱维亚方友好关系
I.The friendly relations between China and Latvia
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波罗的海的浪涛与长江的碧波遥相呼应，中国与拉脱维亚的友谊已在三十余载相伴中愈发醇厚。自1991年两国建交以来，从政治互信的牢固根基到“一带一路”倡议下的携手同行，合作的桥梁早已跨越地理阻隔——中国参与升级的里加港集装箱码头高效运转，中欧班列“波罗的海快线”见证着双边贸易额突破12亿欧元的飞跃，北京外国语大学与拉脱维亚大学共建的孔子学院，让“和而不同”的东方理念与拉脱维亚“友谊是心灵的桥梁”的箴言交相辉映。疫情期间的防疫物资驰援、 Baltic Hub 联合物流实验室的成立，再到2024年中方实施的入境免签政策，每一次互动都践行着“平等互利、合作共赢”的初心，为拉脱维亚朋友来华逐梦筑牢温暖基石。
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The waves of the Baltic Sea echo with the blue waves of the Yangtze River, and the friendship between China and Latvia has grown increasingly profound over more than three decades of companionship. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1991, from the solid foundation of political mutual trust to the joint progress under the Belt and Road Initiative, the bridge of cooperation has long transcended geographical barriers. The China-participated upgraded Riga Port container terminal operates efficiently, the "Baltic Express" China-Europe Railway Express witnesses the leap of bilateral trade volume exceeding 1.2 billion euros, and the Confucius Institute co-founded by Beijing Foreign Studies University and the University of Latvia enables the Eastern concept of "harmony without uniformity" to resonate with Latvia's maxim that "friendship is a bridge of the soul". From the anti-epidemic material assistance during the pandemic, the establishment of the Baltic Hub Joint Logistics Laboratory, to the visa exemption policy implemented by China in 2024, every interaction practices the original aspiration of "equality, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation", laying a warm foundation for friends from Latvia to pursue their dreams in China.
二、拉脱维亚人来华工作的机遇
II. Opportunities for Latvian to work in China
拉脱维亚作为波罗的海地区的物流枢纽，在“一带一路”海陆联运体系中地位关键。中企参与的里加港扩建、中拉铁路联运升级等重点项目，催生了大量物流规划、港口运营、多式联运管理岗位需求，熟悉中拉双语及欧盟物流标准的人才成为合作核心；随着双边贸易从木材、食品加工等传统领域，向跨境电商、数字支付、绿色能源设备等新兴领域延伸，跨境电商运营、国际贸易合规、新能源产品营销等岗位缺口持续扩大，为拉脱维亚从业者打开了对接中国超大规模市场的通道。
二、产业升级拓新局，专业人才受青睐
中国产业结构升级带来的机遇，为拉脱维亚专业人才提供了广阔舞台。在高端制造领域，中拉在汽车电子、精密仪器等领域的技术互补性强，具备相关专业背景的拉脱维亚技术人员在中资企业及合资公司中，常承担技术对接与质量管控的重要职责；数字经济领域，中国互联网巨头的欧洲业务布局，亟需既懂中国技术逻辑又熟悉波罗的海市场的复合型人才，拉脱维亚从业者在本地化运营、数据安全等岗位上优势突出；绿色经济浪潮下，两国在风电、光伏、节能减排等领域的合作升温，绿色技术研发、碳足迹核算、新能源项目管理等新兴岗位，正成为拉脱维亚人才的新赛道。
三、人文合作增活力，特色领域有空间
中拉人文科教合作的深化，催生了大量特色岗位需求。孔子学院及各类汉语培训机构，亟需拉脱维亚籍汉语教师与文化推广专员，助力中拉语言文化交流向纵深发展；两国共建的波罗的海区域研究中心、生态环境保护联合实验室等平台，为拉脱维亚科研人员提供了参与中国国家级项目的机会，在区域经济、生态治理等领域实现成果共享；此外，中国文旅产业的蓬勃发展，让熟悉波罗的海文化、能设计特色文旅产品的策划人才，以及精通中拉双语的外事接待、导游人才备受追捧，成为推动两国人文往来的重要力量。
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I.As a hub of the Belt and Road, Logistics and Economic and Trade Gather Business Opportunities
As a logistics hub in the Baltic region, Latvia plays a key role in the Belt and Road land-sea intermodal transportation system. Key projects such as the expansion of Riga Port and the upgrading of China-Latvia railway intermodal transportation participated by Chinese enterprises have spawned a large demand for positions in logistics planning, port operation and multimodal transportation management. Talents familiar with Chinese-Latvian bilingual skills and EU logistics standards have become the core of cooperation. As bilateral trade extends from traditional fields such as wood and food processing to emerging fields such as cross-border e-commerce, digital payment and green energy equipment, the gap in positions such as cross-border e-commerce operation, international trade compliance and new energy product marketing continues to expand, opening a channel for Latvian practitioners to connect with China's ultra-large-scale market.
II.Industrial Upgrading Opens New Prospects, Professional Talents Are Favored
The opportunities brought by China's industrial structure upgrading have provided a broad stage for Latvian professional talents. In the field of high-end manufacturing, China and Latvia have strong technological complementarity in automotive electronics, precision instruments and other fields. Latvian technicians with relevant professional backgrounds often assume important responsibilities in technical connection and quality control in Chinese-funded enterprises and joint ventures. In the digital economy field, the European business layout of China's Internet giants is in urgent need of compound talents who understand both Chinese technical logic and the Baltic market. Latvian practitioners have prominent advantages in positions such as localized operation and data security. Under the wave of green economy, the cooperation between the two countries in wind power, photovoltaics, energy conservation and emission reduction is heating up, and emerging positions such as green technology R&D, carbon footprint accounting and new energy project management are becoming new tracks for Latvian talents.
III.Cultural and Educational Cooperation Enhances Vitality, There Is Room in Characteristic Fields
The deepening of China-Latvia cultural, educational and scientific cooperation has spawned a large demand for characteristic positions. Confucius Institutes and various Chinese language training institutions are in urgent need of Latvian Chinese teachers and cultural promotion specialists to promote the in-depth development of China-Latvia language and cultural exchanges. Platforms co-built by the two countries, such as the Baltic Regional Research Center and the Joint Laboratory for Ecological Environment Protection, provide Latvian researchers with the opportunity to participate in China's national-level projects and achieve result sharing in fields such as regional economy and ecological governance. In addition, the vigorous development of China's cultural and tourism industry has made planning talents who are familiar with Baltic culture and can design characteristic cultural and tourism products, as well as foreign affairs reception and tour guide talents proficient in Chinese-Latvian bilingual skills, highly sought after, becoming an important force in promoting people-to-people exchanges between the two countries.
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三、拉脱维亚人来华学习的机会
III. Opportunities for Latvian to study in China
一、顶尖资源任你选，奖学金助力追梦
中国已构建起从基础研究到应用创新的完整教育体系，137所高校跻身QS世界大学排名，在人工智能、量子通信、中医药、高铁技术、新能源等领域形成全球领先的学科优势。拉脱维亚学子既可以申请清华、北大等顶尖学府的基础学科，深耕理论研究；也能选择哈尔滨工业大学、上海交通大学的工科专业，参与国家级科研项目；还可依托中拉在传统医学与生态研究的合作基础，就读北京中医药大学、南京林业大学等院校，探索特色学科发展路径。更值得关注的是，中国针对国际学生设立的“中国政府奖学金”“丝绸之路奖学金”等，覆盖学费、住宿费及生活补贴，大幅降低留学经济成本，让优质教育资源触手可及。
二、跨文化体验赋能，全球视野轻松get
来华留学的核心价值，不仅在于知识习得，更在于跨文化能力的塑造。中国高校普遍开设“中国文化概论”“汉语国际教育”等特色课程，拉脱维亚学子可在西安兵马俑前触摸千年历史，在杭州西湖边感悟江南韵味，在新疆草原上体验多元民俗。依托中拉青年交流计划、波罗的海文化论坛等平台，学子们还能与中国政商界、学术界精英面对面交流，参与中拉创新创业大赛等活动。这种“沉浸式”文化体验，将让拉脱维亚学子成为中拉文化互鉴的使者，而熟练掌握中文这一全球使用人数最多的语言，更将成为他们未来发展的核心竞争力。
三、合作红利持续释放，就业前景无忧
中拉在“一带一路”框架下的合作日益深化，从物流枢纽建设到数字经济、从绿色能源到文化旅游，大量合作项目亟需既懂专业知识又熟悉两国语言文化的复合型人才。来华留学的拉脱维亚学子，毕业后可凭借“中国学历+中文能力+专业素养”的三重优势，在中资企业驻拉脱维亚分支机构、拉脱维亚对华合作机构中谋求优质岗位，深度参与中拉合作项目的推进。同时，中国持续扩大对外开放，在华外资企业、跨国公司也对熟悉欧洲市场与中国国情的人才需求旺盛，无论选择留在中国发展，还是回国投身双边合作，都能拥有广阔的职业舞台。
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I.Top Resources Are Available, Scholarships Help Pursue Dreams
China has built a complete education system from basic research to applied innovation. 137 Chinese universities are listed in the QS World University Rankings, with globally leading disciplinary advantages in fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum communication, traditional Chinese medicine, high-speed rail technology and new energy. Latvian students can not only apply for basic disciplines in top universities such as Tsinghua University and Peking University to delve into theoretical research, but also choose engineering majors at Harbin Institute of Technology and Shanghai Jiao Tong University to participate in national-level scientific research projects. They can also rely on the cooperation foundation between China and Latvia in traditional medicine and ecological research to study in institutions such as Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Nanjing Forestry University, and explore the development path of characteristic disciplines. What's more noteworthy is that the "Chinese Government Scholarship" and "Silk Road Scholarship" established by China for international students cover tuition fees, accommodation fees and living subsidies, which greatly reduce the economic cost of studying abroad and make high-quality educational resources accessible.
II.Cross-cultural Experience Empowers, Global Vision Is Easy to Gain
The core value of studying in China lies not only in the acquisition of knowledge, but also in the shaping of cross-cultural competence. Chinese universities generally offer characteristic courses such as "Introduction to Chinese Culture" and "International Chinese Education". Latvian students can touch the thousand-year-old history in front of the Terracotta Warriors in Xi'an, perceive the charm of Jiangnan by the West Lake in Hangzhou, and experience diverse folk customs on the grasslands of Xinjiang. Relying on platforms such as the China-Latvia Youth Exchange Program and the Baltic Cultural Forum, students can also communicate face-to-face with Chinese elites in politics, business and academia, and participate in activities such as the China-Latvia Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition. This "immersive" cultural experience will make Latvian students envoys of cultural mutual learning between China and Latvia, and proficiency in Chinese, the most widely used language in the world, will become their core competitiveness for future development.
III.Cooperation Dividends Continue to Be Released, Employment Prospects Are Promising
Cooperation between China and Latvia under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is deepening day by day. From logistics hub construction to digital economy, from green energy to cultural tourism, a large number of cooperation projects are in urgent need of compound talents who have professional knowledge and are familiar with the languages and cultures of the two countries. Latvian students who study in China can, with the triple advantages of "Chinese academic credentials + Chinese language proficiency + professional quality", seek high-quality positions in the Latvian branches of Chinese-funded enterprises and Latvian institutions cooperating with China, and deeply participate in the promotion of China-Latvia cooperation projects. At the same time, China continues to expand its opening up, and foreign-funded enterprises and multinational corporations in China also have a strong demand for talents who are familiar with the European market and China's national conditions. Whether they choose to develop in China or return to their country to engage in bilateral cooperation, they can have a broad professional stage.
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四、签证办理指南
IV. Visa Application Guide
（1）签证类型与基础材料
工作签证（Z签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件（空白签证页≥3页）。
彩色打印的签证申请表（需在线填写并签字，网址：https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/）。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中国雇主出具的邀请函原件或传真件。
单位派遣函。
护照首页复印件。
特殊要求：需提供无犯罪记录证明、学历证明及体检证明（部分使领馆可能要求）。
学习签证（X签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
录取通知书原件及《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》（JW201/202表）。
资金担保证明（如银行存款证明）。
注意事项：申请X1签证（长期学习）需在入境后30日内申办居留证件。
商务签证（M签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中方公司出具的邀请函（需包含经贸活动详情、费用承担方等信息）。
派遣函（需包含申请人信息、职位、出访目的等）。
特殊要求：若非在国籍国申请，需提供合法停留或居留证明。
（2）办理流程
在线填写申请表：登录中国签证在线办理系统（https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/），如实填写并提交申请表。上传符合要求的照片（近期、正面、彩色、免冠）。
递交材料：网上初审通过后，无需预约即可前往中国驻拉脱维亚大使馆或签证申请中心递交护照及材料。
需留存十指指纹（未满14周岁或超过70周岁人员、持外交护照人员等可免采）。
缴费与等待审批：
缴费标准：普通签证费用因签证类型及有效期而异（如Z签证费用约2435元人民币起，含手续费）。
审批时间：普通4个工作日，加急3个工作日（含递交护照当日）。
领取签证：审批通过后，凭取证单及缴费凭证领取护照及签证。
（3）注意事项材料真实性：
所有材料需真实、完整，虚假材料将导致拒签或入境受阻。
邀请函要求：邀请函需明确访问目的、时间、停留期、费用承担方等信息，并由邀请人亲笔签名（电子签名无效）。
生物信息采集：除免采指纹人员外，均需到馆采集指纹。
加急服务：加急费约1000元人民币/人，3个工作日出签。
入境后手续：持Z签证或X1签证入境后，需在30日内向拟居留地公安机关申办居留证件。
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(1) Visa Type and Basic Materials:
Core materials for a work visa (Z visa) :
An original passport valid for more than 6 months (with at least 3 blank visa pages).
Color print visa application form (online fill out and sign, url: https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/).
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original invitation letter issued by the Chinese employer or the fax copy. Unit dispatch letter.
A copy of the first page of the passport.
Special requirements: A certificate of no criminal record, academic qualifications and a physical examination certificate must be provided (some embassies and consulates may require this).
Core materials for the study visa (X visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original admission notice and the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China" (JW201/202 form). Proof of financial guarantee (such as bank deposit certificate).
Note: To apply for the X1 visa (long-term study), a residence permit must be applied for within 30 days after entry.
Core materials for a business visa (M visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The invitation letter issued by the Chinese company (which should include details of the economic and trade activities, the party bearing the costs, etc.).
Dispatch letter (which should include the applicant's information, position, purpose of visit, etc.)
Special requirements: If the application is not made in the country of nationality, a legal proof of stay or residence must be provided.
(2)fill out the application formonline process:
Fill out the online application form: login Chinese visa online conduction system (https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/), truthfully fill out and submit the application form. Upload photos that meet the requirements (recent, frontal, color, and bareheaded).
Submission of materials: After the initial online review is passed, you can go to the Chinese Embassy in Latvia or the Visa Application Center to submit your passport and materials without making an appointment. Fingerprints of all ten fingers need to be retained (those under 14 years old or over 70 years old, holders of diplomatic passports, etc. are exempt from collection).
Payment and waiting for approval:
Payment standards: The cost of a regular visa varies depending on the visa type and validity period (for example, the cost of a Z visa starts from approximately 2,435 RMB, including handling fees).
Approval time: 4 working days for regular approval and 3 working days for expedited approval (including the day of passport submission).
Visa collection: After approval, collect your passport and visa with the receipt and payment voucher.
(3) Notes the Authenticity of Materials:
All materials must be true and complete. False materials will result in visa rejection or obstruction of entry.
Invitation letter requirements: The invitation letter must clearly state the purpose of the visit, time, duration of stay, and the party bearing the expenses, etc., and be signed by the inviter in person (electronic signatures are invalid).
Biometric information collection: All individuals except those exempted from fingerprint collection are required to come to the library for fingerprint collection.
Express service: The express fee is approximately 1,000 RMB per person, and the visa will be issued within 3 working days.
After entry procedures: After entering the country with a Z visa or X1 visa, you need to apply for a residence permit from the public security organ of the intended place of residence within 30 days.
结语Conclusion
波罗的海的灵动与华夏的厚重在此相拥，三十余载的友谊之约，早已化为拉脱维亚朋友来华逐梦的坚实阶梯。无论是投身“一带一路”的建设浪潮，在产业升级的赛道上崭露头角；还是漫步中国高校的林荫道，在知识的殿堂中汲取养分，来华工作与留学的每一步，都是跨越山海的成长，更是双向奔赴的共赢。
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The agility of the Baltic Sea and the profoundness of China embrace here. The 30-year friendship agreement has long become a solid ladder for friends from Latvia to pursue their dreams in China. Whether you are joining the wave of the Belt and Road construction and making your mark on the track of industrial upgrading, or wandering along the tree-lined paths of Chinese universities and absorbing nutrients in the palace of knowledge, every step of working and studying in China is a growth across mountains and seas, and even more a win-win situation of mutual commitment.
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