马达加斯加人来华签证如何办理？How can malagasy apply for a visa to China?

    马达加斯加是最早与中国签署“一带一路”合作文件的非洲国家之一，两国在基础设施、农业、能源等领域合作成果丰硕。2024年，中马建交52周年之际，双方升级为全面战略合作伙伴关系，为民间交流注入新动力。马达加斯加驻华大使罗班松曾表示，中国在马达加斯加实施的“鸡蛋路”、5A国道整治等项目，切实改善了当地民生，而马达加斯加的香草、羊绒等特色产品也通过进博会等平台进入中国市场，实现了互利共赢。

Madagascar is one of the earliest African countries to sign cooperation documents on the Belt and Road Initiative with China. The two countries have achieved fruitful cooperation in infrastructure, agriculture, energy and other fields. In 2024, on the 52nd anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Malaysia, the two sides upgraded to a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership, injecting new impetus into people-to-people exchanges. The Ambassador of Madagascar to China, Robanson, once said that the projects implemented by China in Madagascar, such as the "Egg Road" and the renovation of the 5A National Road, have effectively improved the local people's livelihood. Meanwhile, Madagascar's characteristic products like vanilla and cashmere have also entered the Chinese market through platforms like the China International Import Expo, achieving mutual benefit and win-win results.

数字经济与绿色经济

    随着中国向高附加值产业转型，马达加斯加人在数字经济、绿色能源等领域迎来机遇。例如，丹麦格兰富集团在江苏常熟投资的高端制造项目，展现了外资企业对中国绿色转型的信心。马达加斯加的技术人才可参与相关领域的研发或合作，尤其是在可再生能源、智慧城市等方向。

农业与渔业合作

    马达加斯加拥有丰富的农业资源，而中国在农业技术、市场渠道方面具有优势。马达加斯加青年可通过农业技术交流项目，学习中国的种植技术或参与农产品贸易。此外，两国在渔业领域的合作也逐步深化，为相关从业者提供岗位。

基建与制造业

    中国企业在马达加斯加参与的通信网络、水电站等项目，培养了一批熟悉中马合作模式的工程师和技术人员。这些人才可反向输入中国，参与国际工程项目或制造业升级。

Digital Economy and Green economy

As China transitions towards high value-added industries, Malagasy people are presented with opportunities in areas such as the digital economy and green energy. For instance, the high-end manufacturing project invested by Grundfos Group of Denmark in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, demonstrates the confidence of foreign-funded enterprises in China's green transformation. Technical talents in Madagascar can participate in research and development or cooperation in related fields, especially in areas such as renewable energy and smart cities.

Cooperation between agriculture and fishery

Madagascar is rich in agricultural resources, while China has advantages in agricultural technology and market channels. Young people in Madagascar can learn China's planting techniques or participate in agricultural product trade through agricultural technology exchange programs. In addition, the cooperation between the two countries in the fishery field has also been gradually deepened, providing job opportunities for relevant practitioners.

Infrastructure and Manufacturing

The communication network, hydropower station and other projects participated by Chinese enterprises in Madagascar have cultivated a group of engineers and technicians familiar with the China-Madagascar cooperation model. These talents can be reverse-introduced to China to participate in international engineering projects or manufacturing upgrades.

语言与文化交流

    马达加斯加语已被纳入中央广播电视总台的国际传播语种，反映出中马人文交流的需求。马达加斯加学生可申请中国高校的奖学金，学习中文、非洲语言文学等专业，未来从事翻译、文化传播等工作。例如，天津师范大学为留学生提供曲艺学习机会，促进中非文化互鉴。

专业技能培养

    中国高校在农业、工程、医学等领域具有优势。马达加斯加学生可通过“一带一路”奖学金项目，攻读硕士或博士学位，学习现代农业技术、基础设施建设等实用技能，回国后助力国家发展。

实习与就业衔接

    部分高校与企业合作，为留学生提供实习机会。例如，马达加斯加学生可在中国的农业科技公司实习，将所学知识应用于实践，并积累工作经验。

Language and cultural exchange

Malagasy has been included in the international communication languages of China Media Group, reflecting the demand for cultural and people-to-people exchanges between China and Malagasy. Students from Madagascar can apply for scholarships at Chinese universities to study Chinese, African languages and literatures and other majors, and may engage in translation, cultural communication and other work in the future. For instance, Tianjin Normal University offers international students opportunities to learn quyi, promoting cultural mutual learning between China and Africa.

Professional skills training

Chinese universities have advantages in fields such as agriculture, engineering and medicine. Students from Madagascar can pursue master's or doctoral degrees through the "Belt and Road" scholarship program, learning practical skills such as modern agricultural technology and infrastructure construction, and contribute to the country's development upon their return.

Internship and employment connection

Some universities cooperate with enterprises to provide internship opportunities for international students. For example, students from Madagascar can intern at agricultural technology companies in China, apply the knowledge they have learned to practice and accumulate work experience.

（一）签证类型

工作签证（Z字签证）

适用于来华任职或就业的外国人。需提交中国境内邀请单位出具的邀请函、工作许可证明等材料。

学习签证（X字签证）

适用于来华留学人员。需提供《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》、录取通知书、JW201/202表等。

商务签证（M字签证）

适用于短期商务访问。需提交中国境内邀请单位出具的邀请函、注册登记证明等。

旅游签证（L字签证）

适用于来华旅游者。需提交旅行计划、酒店订单、往返机票等。

（二）办理流程

准备材料

根据签证类型，准备护照、照片、邀请函、健康证明等材料。照片需符合中国签证要求（如背景为白色、尺寸为33mm×48mm）。

在线预约与提交

登录中国签证申请服务中心官网，填写申请表并预约递交时间。部分国家需通过使领馆指定的签证中心递交材料。

缴纳费用与取证

签证费根据签证类型和停留期限而定。办理时间通常为4个工作日，加急服务可缩短至2-3个工作日。

（三）注意事项

持L字签证入境者，如需延长停留期限，需在签证到期前7日向公安机关出入境管理机构申请，提交旅行计划等材料，最长可延长30日。

持Z字或X字签证者，入境后需在30日内办理居留许可。

(1) Visa Type

Work Visa (Z visa)

It is applicable to foreigners who come to China for employment or work. It is necessary to submit the invitation letter issued by the inviting unit within the territory of China, the work permit certificate and other materials.

Study Visa (X Visa)

Applicable to international students coming to China. It is necessary to provide the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China", the admission notice, the JW201/202 form, etc.

Business Visa (M Visa)

Suitable for short-term business visits. It is necessary to submit the invitation letter issued by the inviting entity within the territory of China, the registration certificate, etc.

Tourist Visa (L visa)

Applicable to tourists coming to China. Travel plans, hotel orders, round-trip air tickets, etc. need to be submitted.

(II) Processing Procedure

Prepare materials

Prepare materials such as passports, photos, invitation letters, and health certificates according to the type of visa. The photo must meet the requirements of the Chinese visa (such as a white background and a size of 33mm×48mm).

Online reservation and submission

Log in to the official website of the China Visa Application Service Center, fill in the application form and make an appointment for submission. Some countries require the submission of materials through the visa centers designated by their embassies and consulates.

Payment of fees and collection of evidence

The visa fee varies depending on the type of visa and the duration of stay. The processing time is usually 4 working days, and the expedited service can be shortened to 2 to 3 working days.

(III) Precautions

Those who enter the country with an L visa and wish to extend their stay must apply to the Exit-Entry administration of the public security organ 7 days before the expiration of the visa and submit materials such as travel plans. The maximum extension period can be up to 30 days.

Holders of Z or X visas are required to apply for a residence permit within 30 days after entry.