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一、中白关系背景：
战略伙伴关系下的签证政策基础
中白两国自1992年建交以来，始终秉持平等互利原则深化合作。2024年7月，白俄罗斯正式加入上海合作组织，12月成为金砖伙伴国，标志着两国政治互信与战略协同达到新高度。根据《中华人民共和国政府和白俄罗斯共和国政府关于互免持普通护照人员签证的协定》，白俄罗斯公民可免签入境中国停留不超过30天（一年内累计不超过90天）。需注意，该政策仅限普通护照持有人，若因商务、学习、工作等长期停留需求，仍需按对应用途申请签证。
i. Background of China-Belarus Relations: The Visa Policy Foundation under the Strategic Partnership
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992, China and Belarus have always deepened cooperation based on the principle of equality and mutual benefit. In July 2024, Belarus officially joined the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and in December, it became a BRICS partner, marking a new height in political mutual trust and strategic coordination between the two countries. According to the "Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Belarus on Mutual Visa Exemption for Persons Holding Ordinary Passports", citizens of Belarus can enter China visa-free for a stay of no more than 30 days (with a cumulative stay of no more than 90 days within one year). It should be noted that this policy is only applicable to holders of ordinary passports. If there is a long-term stay need for business, study, work, etc., a visa application should still be made according to the corresponding purpose.
二、商业机遇：政策支持与市场潜力
（一）政策红利
双边贸易增长：2024年中白贸易额突破100亿美元，中国连续多年成为白俄罗斯第二大贸易伙伴。
投资便利化：两国签署《关于共同推进“一带一路”建设的合作规划》，白俄罗斯参与中欧班列建设，为企业提供物流保障。
金融支持：中国国家开发银行与白俄罗斯开发银行签署专项贷款协议，为基础设施项目提供资金支持。
（二）行业机会
基础设施：白俄罗斯积极推动“巨石”工业园建设，欢迎中国企业在能源、交通、通信等领域投资。
农业合作：白俄罗斯作为欧洲重要农产品出口国，与中国在乳制品、肉类加工等领域合作前景广阔。
数字经济：白俄罗斯政府推出《数字经济发展战略》，与中国企业在电子商务、人工智能领域合作空间巨大。
（三）签证类型选择
商务签证（M字）：需提供中国境内单位或个人出具的邀请函，明确访问目的、行程安排及费用承担方式。
工作签证（Z字）：需中国雇主提供《外国人工作许可通知》，并经白俄罗斯驻华使领馆认证。
ii. Business Opportunities for Belarusians in China: Policy Support and Market Potential
(1) Policy dividends
Bilateral trade growth: In 2024, the trade volume between China and Belarus exceeded 10 billion US dollars, and China has remained Belarus' second largest trading partner for many consecutive years.
Investment facilitation: The two countries signed the "Cooperation Plan on Jointly Promoting the Belt and Road Initiative", and Belarus participated in the construction of the China-Europe Railway Express, providing logistics support for enterprises.
Financial support: The China Development Bank and the Belarusian Development Bank signed a special loan agreement to provide financial support for infrastructure projects.
(2) Industry Opportunities
Infrastructure: Belarus is actively promoting the construction of the "Giant Rock" industrial park and welcomes Chinese enterprises to invest in energy, transportation, communication and other fields.
Agricultural cooperation: As an important exporter of agricultural products in Europe, Belarus has broad prospects for cooperation with China in areas such as dairy products and meat processing.
Digital Economy: The government of Belarus has launched the "Digital Economy Development Strategy", and there is huge potential for cooperation with Chinese enterprises in the fields of e-commerce and artificial intelligence.
(3) Visa Type selection
Business Visa (M letter) : An invitation letter issued by a unit or individual within China must be provided, clearly stating the purpose of the visit, itinerary arrangement and method of bearing expenses.
Work Visa (Z) : A "Notice of Work Permit for Foreigners" must be provided by the Chinese employer and authenticated by the Embassy or Consulate of Belarus in China.
三、来华学习机会：教育合作与签证路径
（一）教育合作现状
校际合作：武汉大学与白俄罗斯国立理工大学签署合作协议，开展联合培养项目。
奖学金支持：中国政府提供“丝绸之路”奖学金，覆盖学费、住宿费及生活补贴。
专业选择：优势领域包括工程、医学、经济学，白俄罗斯学生在华就业率逐年提升。
（二）签证办理要点
学习签证（X字）：需提供《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》、录取通知书、JW202/JW201表。
语言要求：部分高校接受俄语授课，但建议申请人提前通过HSK（汉语水平考试）提升竞争力。
iii. Planning for Belarusians' Study in China: Educational Cooperation and Visa Pathways
(1) Current Situation of Educational Cooperation
Intercollegiate cooperation: Wuhan University and Belarusian State Polytechnic University signed a cooperation agreement to carry out joint training programs.
Scholarship support: The Chinese government offers the "Silk Road" scholarship, covering tuition fees, accommodation fees and living subsidies.
Professional choice: The advantageous fields include engineering, medicine and economics. The employment rate of Belarusian students in China has been increasing year by year.
(II) Key Points for Visa Application
Study Visa (X form) : You need to provide the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China", the admission notice, and the JW202/JW201 form.
Language requirements: Some universities accept courses in Russian, but it is recommended that applicants pass the HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test) in advance to enhance their competitiveness.
四、白俄罗斯人来华签证办理全流程
（一）基础材料清单
护照：有效期需超6个月，至少2页空白签证页。
照片：近期白底免冠证件照（尺寸48mm×33mm）。
申请表：在线填写《中国签证在线填表确认页》及《中华人民共和国签证申请表》，打印后签名。
（二）不同签证类型附加材料
签证类型附加材料
旅游签证（L字） 往返机票、酒店预订单、经济能力证明
商务签证（M字） 邀请函、派遣函、企业营业执照复印件
学习签证（X字） 录取通知书、JW202/JW201表、体检报告
工作签证（Z字） 工作许可通知、无犯罪记录证明、学历认证
（三）办理流程
材料递交：按预约时间前往使领馆或签证中心，缴纳签证费（约35-100美元，具体金额以实时汇率为准）。
审核周期：普通签证3-5个工作日，工作签证约30-40个工作日。
领取签证：通过短信或邮件通知，持回执单领取护照。
Iv. The entire process of visa application for Belarusians to China
(1) List of basic materials
Passport: The validity period must exceed 6 months, with at least 2 blank visa pages.
Photo: A recent white-background, bareheaded ID photo (48mm×33mm in size).
Application Form: Fill in the "Confirmation Page for Online Application of Chinese Visa" and the "Visa Application Form of the People's Republic of China" online, print them out and sign them.
(2) Additional materials for different visa types
Additional materials for visa type
Tourist visa (L letter), round-trip air tickets, hotel reservation forms, and proof of financial capacity
Business visa (M letter) invitation letter, dispatch letter, and copy of the business license of the enterprise
Study visa (X letter) admission notice, JW202/JW201 form, medical examination report
Work visa (Z letter), work permit notice, criminal record clearance certificate, academic qualification certification
(3) Processing Procedure
Online appointment: Make an appointment for the submission time through the official website of the China Visa Application Service Center.
Submission of materials: Go to the embassy, consulate or visa center at the appointed time to pay the visa fee (approximately 35 to 100 US dollars, the exact amount is subject to the real-time exchange rate).
Review period: 3 to 5 working days for regular visas and approximately 30 to 40 working days for work visas.
Collect the visa: Notify by text message or email and collect the passport with the receipt.
五、注意事项与风险提示
免签政策限制：免签入境仅限旅游、探亲、商务访问，停留期不可延长。
材料真实性：提供虚假材料将导致拒签，并可能影响未来签证申请。
法律合规：在华期间需遵守中国法律，非法就业将面临罚款、拘留及遣返。
健康要求：申请工作、学习签证需提供体检报告，患有传染性疾病者将被拒签。
V. Precautions and Risk Warnings
Visa-free policy restrictions: Visa-free entry is only available for tourism, visiting relatives, and business visits, and the stay period cannot be extended.
Authenticity of materials: Providing false materials will result in a visa rejection and may affect future visa applications.
Legal compliance: During the stay in China, one must abide by Chinese laws. Illegal employment will result in fines, detention and deportation.
Health requirements: A medical examination report is required for applying for a work or study visa. Those with infectious diseases will be refused a visa.
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