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一、中国与冰岛双方友好关系
I.The friendly relations between China and Iceland
图源冰岛驻华大使馆
自1971年12月8日正式建交以来，中国与冰岛始终以相互尊重、平等互利为基石，在跨越亚欧大陆的遥远距离间，编织起一张紧密的友好合作网络。两国在政治领域保持高层交往的良性互动，持续深化互信；经贸合作中，从渔业资源合作到地热等清洁能源领域的联合研发，务实成果不断惠及两国人民；文化交流更如灵动的纽带，中冰文化节、学术研讨会等活动频繁开展，让极光下的北欧风情与上下五千年的中华文明交相辉映。如今，这份跨越山海的情谊，更为冰岛朋友赴华工作、留学搭建了坚实桥梁，让双向交流的美好愿景在友好土壤中持续生长。
图源冰岛驻华大使馆
Since the official establishment of diplomatic relations on December 8, 1971, China and Iceland have always taken mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit as the cornerstone, weaving a tight network of friendly cooperation across the vast geographical distance between Asia and Europe. In the political field, the two countries maintain positive interactions in high-level exchanges, continuously deepening mutual trust; in economic and trade cooperation, from fishery resources cooperation to joint research and development in geothermal energy and other clean energy fields, practical achievements have continuously benefited the people of both countries; cultural exchanges are more like a flexible link, with frequent activities such as China-Iceland Cultural Festivals and academic seminars, making the Nordic style under the aurora and the Chinese civilization with a history of five thousand years shine with each other. Today, this friendship that transcends mountains and seas has built a solid bridge for Icelandic friends to work and study in China, allowing the beautiful vision of two-way exchanges to continue to grow in the fertile soil of friendship.
二、冰岛人来华工作的机遇
II. Opportunities for Icelander to work in China
一、产业技术对接：优势领域的双向赋能机遇
冰岛在清洁能源与渔业科技领域的顶尖实力，正与中国产业升级需求形成精准共振。在地热开发领域，中冰合作已结出硕果——双方联合打造的河北雄县等三个“无烟城”，实现2600万平方米地热供暖，中石化与冰岛极地绿色能源公司组建的研发中心持续突破技术瓶颈。中国“双碳”目标下，这类绿色技术人才缺口显著，冰岛专家可深度参与城市供暖改造、新能源项目落地等实务。渔业领域同样前景广阔，大连海洋大学与冰岛机构签署的大西洋鳕引育合作协议，预示着冷水鱼养殖、资源监测等技术岗位的迫切需求，冰岛人才的经验将直接转化为产业竞争力。
二、政策环境加持：便捷通道与发展保障机遇
中国针对外籍人才的政策红利为冰岛从业者铺就顺畅路径。作为38个单方面免签国家之一，冰岛公民短期来华考察洽谈已实现“零门槛”，为后续工作衔接奠定基础。正式工作许可方面，A类高端人才可享受审批加急、家属签证便利等特权，2024年底实施的“工作许可与社保卡融合”政策，更让合法就业者无缝接入医疗、社保等民生保障体系。从雄安新区的清洁能源产业园到沿海渔业科技基地，地方政府还为外籍技术人才提供专项补贴，政策温度与市场空间形成双重吸引力。
三、科研平台共建：前沿领域的深度参与机遇
中冰联合打造的高端科研载体，为冰岛人才提供了全球稀缺的实践舞台。北极科考领域，2018年启用的中冰北极科学考察站，已成为极光观测、气候变化研究的国际枢纽，冰岛科研人员可依托该平台参与跨国项目。地热领域的合作更具传承性——自上世纪80年代起，冰岛已为中国培训70余名技术人员，如今第七届世界地热大会等国际会议落户中国，为冰岛专家提供了“技术输出+学术交流”的双重契机。这种“项目共建+人才共育”的模式，让冰岛人才既能实现专业价值，更能参与定义全球前沿领域的发展方向。
图源网络
I.Industrial & Technological Alignment: Two-Way Empowerment in Advantageous Sectors
Iceland's world-leading strengths in clean energy and fishery technology are perfectly aligned with China's industrial upgrading needs. In geothermal development, China-Iceland cooperation has yielded remarkable results—jointly built "smokeless cities" in Xiongxian, Hebei and other regions have achieved 26 million square meters of geothermal heating coverage , while the R&D center co-founded by Sinopec and Iceland's Polar Green Energy continues to break technical barriers. Amid China's "dual carbon" goals, the talent gap in green technology is significant, allowing Icelandic experts to deeply engage in urban heating transformation and new energy project implementation. The fishery sector also holds broad prospects: the cooperation agreement on Atlantic cod breeding signed between Dalian Ocean University and Icelandic institutions indicates urgent demand for professionals in cold-water fish aquaculture and resource monitoring, where Icelandic expertise directly translates into industrial competitiveness.
II.Policy Support: Convenient Access & Development Security
China's policy dividends for foreign talents have paved a smooth path for Icelandic professionals. As one of the 38 countries enjoying unilateral visa exemption , Icelandic citizens can conduct short-term business visits to China without visas, facilitating subsequent work transitions. For formal employment, Class A high-end talents are entitled to expedited approval and family visa privileges . The integration of work permits with social security cards implemented in late 2024 enables legally employed foreigners to seamlessly access medical care, social security and other livelihood safeguards. From the clean energy industrial parks in Xiong'an New Area to coastal fishery technology bases, local governments also offer special subsidies for foreign technical talents, creating dual appeal through policy support and market potential.
III.Joint Research Platforms: In-depth Engagement in Cutting-Edge Fields
High-end Sino-Icelandic joint research platforms provide Icelandic talents with rare global practice stages. In Arctic research, the China-Iceland Arctic Science Observatory launched in 2018 has become an international hub for aurora observation and climate change studies, allowing Icelandic researchers to participate in transnational projects. Geothermal cooperation carries a legacy of exchange—since the 1980s, Iceland has trained over 70 Chinese technical personnel , and now international events like the 7th World Geothermal Congress hosted in China offer Icelandic experts dual opportunities for technology transfer and academic exchange. This "joint project development + talent cultivation" model enables Icelandic talents to realize professional value while shaping the future of global frontier fields.
图源网络
三、冰岛人来华学习的机会
III. Opportunities for Icelander to study in China
一、特色学科资源：在全球前沿领域锚定专业坐标
中国高校的优势学科正为冰岛学子搭建“精准匹配”的学习平台。在传统与现代交织的医学领域，北京中医药大学开设的“中医国际班”，既传承《黄帝内经》的千年智慧，又融合现代药理研究，冰岛学生可亲身参与针灸治疗、中药研发等临床实践，而中冰联合开展的“传统医学与极地健康”研究项目，更让学术探索与本土需求深度链接。新能源领域同样星光熠熠，清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院与冰岛雷克雅未克大学共建的“地热能源联合实验室”，为学子提供从理论学习到极地地热勘探的全链条培养；数字经济赛道上，杭州电子科技大学的“跨境电商与智能贸易”专业，依托中国电商产业优势，让冰岛学生能近距离观察全球最大数字消费市场的运作逻辑，这些学科优势恰与冰岛关注的绿色发展、数字转型需求同频共振。
二、文化交融场域：以语言为钥开启多维成长空间
赴华留学不仅是知识的汲取，更是一场跨越山海的文化对话。中文作为世界使用人数最多的语言，其影响力正随中冰合作深化而提升——冰岛首家孔子学院自2008年成立以来，已培养数千名中文学习者，而中国高校的“中文+专业”双轨培养模式，让冰岛学子既能掌握语言工具，又能在专业领域自如交流。更珍贵的是文化体验的深度：从敦煌莫高窟的壁画临摹实践，到景德镇陶瓷技艺的亲手传承，从春节庙会的民俗参与到“中冰青年论坛”的思想碰撞，这些沉浸式场景让冰岛学生跳出书本，成为两种文明对话的桥梁，这种跨文化素养将成为未来全球竞争中的独特优势。
三、未来发展通路：跨文化竞争力构筑职业护城河
中国留学经历将为冰岛学子铺就多维度的职业赛道。留在中国发展，他们可依托“中冰经贸合作区”“北极科研联盟”等平台，进入新能源企业、跨境贸易公司或国际科研机构，成为连接两国的“专业摆渡人”—— 例如参与中冰联合开发的北极旅游项目，或为中资企业拓展冰岛市场提供支持。返回冰岛或走向国际，其掌握的中文能力与中国市场认知，将成为冰岛航空公司、渔业出口企业等机构的“稀缺资源”，毕竟冰岛30%的进口电子产品来自中国，跨文化人才正是双边贸易的刚需。更长远来看，中国高校与全球100多个国家的院校建立合作，留学期间的交换项目、国际赛事参与，还能为冰岛学子构建全球化的人脉网络，让青春的选择拥有更辽阔的未来图景。
图源网络
I.Unique Disciplinary Resources: Anchoring Professional Coordinates in Global Frontier Fields
China's universities offer specialized academic resources that align perfectly with Icelandic students' professional aspirations. In the field of medicine, where tradition meets modernity, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine’s International Program in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preserves the millennia-old wisdom of Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon) while integrating modern pharmacological research. Icelandic students can participate in clinical practices like acupuncture therapy and TCM drug development, and Sino-Icelandic joint research projects on "Traditional Medicine and Polar Health" further link academic exploration to Iceland’s local needs.
The new energy sector is equally promising: the Sino-Icelandic Geothermal Energy Joint Laboratory, co-founded by Tsinghua University’s Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology and the University of Reykjavík, provides a full-chain training experience—from theoretical study to polar geothermal exploration. In the digital economy, Hangzhou Dianzi University’s program in "Cross-Border E-Commerce and Smart Trade" leverages China’s leading e-commerce industry, allowing Icelandic students to observe firsthand the operational logic of the world’s largest digital consumer market. These academic strengths resonate closely with Iceland’s focus on green development and digital transformation.
II.Cultural Integration Sphere: Unlocking Multi-Dimensional Growth Space with Language as the Key
Studying in China is more than academic learning—it is a cross-cultural dialogue that transcends mountains and seas. As the most widely spoken language in the world, Chinese is growing in influence amid deepening Sino-Icelandic cooperation. Since Iceland’s first Confucius Institute was established in 2008, it has trained thousands of Chinese language learners. Chinese universities’ "Chinese Language + Major" dual-track education model enables Icelandic students to master both the language tool and professional communication skills.
What makes the experience even more precious is the depth of cultural immersion: from copying murals at Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes to learning Jingdezhen ceramic craftsmanship firsthand, from participating in Spring Festival temple fairs to exchanging ideas at the Sino-Icelandic Youth Forum. These immersive scenarios take Icelandic students beyond textbooks, turning them into bridges between two civilizations. This cross-cultural literacy will become a unique advantage in future global competition.
III.Future Development Pathways: Building a Professional Moat with Cross-Cultural Competence
A study-abroad experience in China opens up multi-dimensional career paths for Icelandic students. Those who choose to develop their careers in China can leverage platforms like the "Sino-Icelandic Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone" and the "Arctic Scientific Research Alliance" to join new energy enterprises, cross-border trade companies, or international research institutions—serving as "professional bridges" between the two countries. For example, they can participate in Sino-Icelandic joint Arctic tourism projects or support Chinese enterprises in expanding into the Icelandic market.
For those returning to Iceland or pursuing international careers, their Chinese language proficiency and understanding of the Chinese market will become "scarce resources" for institutions like Icelandair and Icelandic fisheries export companies. After all, 30% of Iceland’s imported electronic products come from China, and cross-cultural talents are in urgent demand for bilateral trade. In the long run, Chinese universities have established partnerships with institutions in over 100 countries worldwide. Exchange programs and international competitions during studies also help Icelandic students build a global network, giving their youthful choices a broader vision for the future.
图源网络
四、签证办理指南
IV. Visa Application Guide
（1）签证类型与基础材料
工作签证（Z签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件（空白签证页≥3页）。
彩色打印的签证申请表（需在线填写并签字，网址：https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/）。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中国雇主出具的邀请函原件或传真件。
单位派遣函。
护照首页复印件。
特殊要求：需提供无犯罪记录证明、学历证明及体检证明（部分使领馆可能要求）。
学习签证（X签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
录取通知书原件及《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》（JW201/202表）。
资金担保证明（如银行存款证明）。
注意事项：申请X1签证（长期学习）需在入境后30日内申办居留证件。
商务签证（M签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中方公司出具的邀请函（需包含经贸活动详情、费用承担方等信息）。
派遣函（需包含申请人信息、职位、出访目的等）。
特殊要求：若非在国籍国申请，需提供合法停留或居留证明。
（2）办理流程
在线填写申请表：登录中国签证在线办理系统（https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/），如实填写并提交申请表。上传符合要求的照片（近期、正面、彩色、免冠）。
递交材料：网上初审通过后，无需预约即可前往中国驻冰岛大使馆或签证申请中心递交护照及材料。
需留存十指指纹（未满14周岁或超过70周岁人员、持外交护照人员等可免采）。
缴费与等待审批：
缴费标准：普通签证费用因签证类型及有效期而异（如Z签证费用约2435元人民币起，含手续费）。
审批时间：普通4个工作日，加急3个工作日（含递交护照当日）。
领取签证：审批通过后，凭取证单及缴费凭证领取护照及签证。
（3）注意事项材料真实性：
所有材料需真实、完整，虚假材料将导致拒签或入境受阻。
邀请函要求：邀请函需明确访问目的、时间、停留期、费用承担方等信息，并由邀请人亲笔签名（电子签名无效）。
生物信息采集：除免采指纹人员外，均需到馆采集指纹。
加急服务：加急费约1000元人民币/人，3个工作日出签。
入境后手续：持Z签证或X1签证入境后，需在30日内向拟居留地公安机关申办居留证件。
图源网络
(1) Visa Type and Basic Materials:
Core materials for a work visa (Z visa) :
An original passport valid for more than 6 months (with at least 3 blank visa pages).
Color print visa application form (online fill out and sign, url: https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/).
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original invitation letter issued by the Chinese employer or the fax copy. Unit dispatch letter.
A copy of the first page of the passport.
Special requirements: A certificate of no criminal record, academic qualifications and a physical examination certificate must be provided (some embassies and consulates may require this).
Core materials for the study visa (X visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original admission notice and the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China" (JW201/202 form). Proof of financial guarantee (such as bank deposit certificate).
Note: To apply for the X1 visa (long-term study), a residence permit must be applied for within 30 days after entry.
Core materials for a business visa (M visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The invitation letter issued by the Chinese company (which should include details of the economic and trade activities, the party bearing the costs, etc.).
Dispatch letter (which should include the applicant's information, position, purpose of visit, etc.)
Special requirements: If the application is not made in the country of nationality, a legal proof of stay or residence must be provided.
(2)fill out the application formonline process:
Fill out the online application form: login Chinese visa online conduction system (https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/), truthfully fill out and submit the application form. Upload photos that meet the requirements (recent, frontal, color, and bareheaded).
Submission of materials: After the initial online review is passed, you can go to the Chinese Embassy in Iceland or the Visa Application Center to submit your passport and materials without making an appointment. Fingerprints of all ten fingers need to be retained (those under 14 years old or over 70 years old, holders of diplomatic passports, etc. are exempt from collection).
Payment and waiting for approval:
Payment standards: The cost of a regular visa varies depending on the visa type and validity period (for example, the cost of a Z visa starts from approximately 2,435 RMB, including handling fees).
Approval time: 4 working days for regular approval and 3 working days for expedited approval (including the day of passport submission).
Visa collection: After approval, collect your passport and visa with the receipt and payment voucher.
(3) Notes the Authenticity of Materials:
All materials must be true and complete. False materials will result in visa rejection or obstruction of entry.
Invitation letter requirements: The invitation letter must clearly state the purpose of the visit, time, duration of stay, and the party bearing the expenses, etc., and be signed by the inviter in person (electronic signatures are invalid).
Biometric information collection: All individuals except those exempted from fingerprint collection are required to come to the library for fingerprint collection.
Express service: The express fee is approximately 1,000 RMB per person, and the visa will be issued within 3 working days.
After entry procedures: After entering the country with a Z visa or X1 visa, you need to apply for a residence permit from the public security organ of the intended place of residence within 30 days.
结语Conclusion
从地热项目的职场实践到中医课堂的学术探索，从北极科考站的科研协作到敦煌壁画前的文化感悟，中国正以开放的姿态，为冰岛朋友铺就 “工作有舞台、留学有收获” 的成长之路。这里有 “双碳” 目标下的职业机遇，有五千年文明滋养的文化沃土，更有便捷签证政策搭建的顺畅桥梁 —— 无论是带着技术投身产业合作，还是怀揣好奇走进高校校园，每一段赴华旅程，都将成为连接两国友谊、成就个人理想的珍贵篇章。期待与你在中国相遇，共赴这场跨越极光与长城的美好之约。
图源网络
From professional practice in geothermal projects to academic exploration in TCM classrooms, from scientific research collaboration at Arctic research stations to cultural insights in front of Dunhuang murals, China is opening its arms to create a growth path for friends from Iceland—where "there is a stage for work and gains for study". Here, there are career opportunities under the "dual carbon" goal, a cultural fertile ground nurtured by 5,000 years of civilization, and a smooth bridge built by convenient visa policies. Whether you come to participate in industrial cooperation with your expertise or step into a university campus with curiosity, every journey to China will become a precious chapter that connects the friendship between the two countries and fulfills your personal aspirations. We look forward to meeting you in China and embarking on this beautiful journey across the aurora and the Great Wall together.
END
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