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一、中国与捷克双方友好关系
I.The friendly relations between China and Czech
图源中国驻捷克大使馆
自1949年10月6日中捷正式建交以来，两国便缔结了跨越山海的深厚情谊，这份友好历经数十载风雨洗礼，始终历久弥坚。作为新中国成立后最早建立外交关系的国家之一，捷克始终是中国在中东欧地区值得信赖的伙伴——双方在政治领域坚守相互尊重、平等相待的准则，不断筑牢互信基石；在“一带一路”倡议框架下，经贸合作结出累累硕果，能源、机械、科技等领域的联动持续深化，为两国发展注入强劲动能；更有文化与教育领域的温情互动，“中国文化年”“捷克文化季”等活动轮番上演，架起民心相通的桥梁，两国高校间的合作办学、学术研讨与留学项目蓬勃发展，让知识与友谊在双向奔赴中传递。如今，这份跨越国界的友好，不仅是两国关系的鲜明底色，更为捷克友人赴华追逐工作与学业梦想，搭建起充满温度的坚实桥梁。
图源中国驻捷克大使馆
Since the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Czech Republic on October 6, 1949, the two countries have forged a profound friendship that transcends mountains and seas. This friendship has withstood the trials of decades and remains unyielding, growing even stronger with time. As one of the first countries to establish diplomatic ties with the People's Republic of China after its founding, the Czech Republic has always been a trustworthy partner of China in Central and Eastern Europe. Politically, the two sides adhere to the principles of mutual respect and equality, constantly consolidating the foundation of mutual trust. Under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, economic and trade cooperation has yielded fruitful results, with deepened collaboration in energy, machinery, science and technology, injecting strong impetus into the development of both countries. What's more, there are warm interactions in culture and education: events such as "China Cultural Year" and "Czech Cultural Season" are held in turn, building bridges for people-to-people connectivity. Cooperative education programs, academic seminars and study-abroad initiatives between universities of the two countries are thriving, enabling the transmission of knowledge and friendship through mutual engagement. Today, this cross-border friendship is not only a distinct backdrop of bilateral relations, but also builds a solid and warm bridge for Czech friends to pursue their career and academic dreams in China.
二、捷克人来华工作的机遇
II. Opportunities for Czech to work in China
一、政策春风：签证便利与人才红利叠加
中国针对外籍人才的签证体系持续优化，为捷克专业人士铺就绿色通道。高端技术人才可申请 R 字人才签证，凭政府或权威机构邀请函直接获批，享受快速通关、居留许可优先办理等特权；普通就业者通过 Z 字签证即可合法工作，需由中国雇主协助办理《外国人工作许可通知》，提交学历证明与无犯罪记录等材料后，通常 5 个工作日可完成审核。值得关注的是，中捷在 “一带一路” 框架下的人才交流协议，正推动汽车制造、机械工程等领域技术人才的签证豁免试点，部分合资企业员工已实现 “工作许可 + 居留许可” 一站式办理。
二、产业共振：互补优势催生岗位蓝海
捷克的工业基因与中国的产业升级需求形成完美契合。在汽车产业，斯柯达等捷克车企与中国新能源企业共建研发中心，亟需兼具欧洲制造经验与电动化技术的工程师，如某中捷合资车企常年招聘底盘调校专家，年薪可达25-35万元人民币；机械制造领域，捷克精密加工技术人才受长三角企业青睐，不少企业为外籍技术骨干提供住房补贴与技能培训津贴。此外，中国对高端技术服务的需求正快速增长，捷克IT工程师在数据分析、工业软件开发等领域的岗位空缺率连续三年超15%。
三、文化桥梁：跨域交流开辟新赛道
中捷文化交融催生多元就业可能。教育领域，具备TEFL认证的捷克教师在国际学校备受欢迎，教授英语或捷克语的同时，还可参与中捷文化课程设计，年薪约16.8-26.4万元且生活成本仅为欧洲的1/3；文旅行业更具特色，布拉格音乐学院毕业生可入职中国交响乐团，捷克传统工艺传承人能通过文创园区对接消费市场，某捷克啤酒品牌驻华代表便通过举办文化沙龙，实现商业推广与文化传播的双重价值。这种“专业能力+文化身份”的复合优势，正成为捷克人才的独特竞争力。
图源网络
I. Policy Dividends: Visa Convenience Meets Talent Incentives
China’s continuously optimized visa system for foreign talents has created green channels for Czech professionals. High-end technical talents can apply for the R-type talent visa, which is directly approved with invitations from government agencies or authoritative institutions, granting privileges like fast customs clearance and priority processing of residence permits. General employees can work legally with the Z-type work visa, requiring Chinese employers to assist in applying for the "Foreigner Work Permit Notice". After submitting documents such as academic certificates and criminal record certificates, the review is usually completed within 5 working days. Notably, talent exchange agreements under the Belt and Road Initiative are promoting visa exemption pilots for technical talents in automotive manufacturing and mechanical engineering. Employees of some Sino-Czech joint ventures have already realized one-stop processing of "work permit + residence permit".
II.Industrial Synergy: Complementary Advantages Create Job Opportunities
Czech industrial strengths perfectly align with China’s industrial upgrading needs. In the automotive industry, Czech automakers like Škoda have established R&D centers with Chinese new energy enterprises, creating urgent demand for engineers with European manufacturing experience and electrification expertise. For example, a Sino-Czech joint venture recruits chassis tuning specialists year-round with annual salaries of 250,000-350,000 RMB. In mechanical manufacturing, Czech precision processing talents are favored by enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, with many companies offering housing subsidies and skill training allowances to foreign technical backbones. Additionally, China’s growing demand for high-end technical services has kept the vacancy rate for Czech IT engineers in data analysis and industrial software development above 15% for three consecutive years.
III.Cultural Bridges: Cross-domain Exchanges Open New Tracks
Cultural integration between China and the Czech Republic has spawned diverse employment possibilities. In education, Czech teachers with TEFL certification are highly sought after by international schools. While teaching English or Czech, they can also participate in Sino-Czech cultural curriculum design, with annual salaries of approximately 168,000-264,000 RMB and living costs only 1/3 of those in Europe. The cultural tourism industry offers unique opportunities: graduates from the Prague Academy of Music can join Chinese symphony orchestras, and inheritors of Czech traditional crafts can connect with consumer markets through cultural and creative parks. A representative of a Czech beer brand in China even achieved dual values of commercial promotion and cultural communication by hosting cultural salons. This composite advantage of "professional competence + cultural identity" has become the unique competitiveness of Czech talents.
图源网络
三、捷克人来华学习的机会
III. Opportunities for Czech to study in China
一、教育沃土：优质资源与多元选择并行
中国高等教育的国际化发展为捷克学子铺就了广阔的求学之路。截至 2024 年，中国已有 137 所高校进入 QS 世界大学排名，其中清华大学、北京大学等顶尖学府在工程技术、生命科学等领域享誉全球，而北京语言大学、上海外国语大学则凭借成熟的汉语国际教育体系，成为捷克学生学习汉语的优选。更具吸引力的是，中国针对外籍留学生推出了丰富的奖学金政策：中国政府奖学金覆盖学费、住宿费及每月生活补贴（本科生约 2500 元人民币，研究生约 3000-3500 元人民币），“丝绸之路” 中国政府奖学金还专门面向 “一带一路” 沿线国家学子，2023 年捷克籍获奖者同比增长 18%。此外，越来越多高校开设双语授课或全英文专业，如浙江大学的 “国际工程” 项目、复旦大学的 “全球公共卫生” 项目，让语言不再成为求学障碍。
二、文化之旅：文明互鉴与视野拓展交融
来华留学不仅是学术深造，更是一场深度的文化体验。中国拥有 5000 年文明积淀，捷克学子可在课余走进故宫感受皇家气派，漫步苏州园林品味江南雅致，参与端午包粽子、中秋制月饼等传统民俗活动，沉浸式触摸中华文化脉络。同时，中捷文化交流的热潮为学子搭建了独特桥梁：每年举办的 “中捷文化年” 活动中，捷克留学生可参与中欧音乐对话、斯拉夫文学研讨等主题活动，部分高校还设立 “中捷文化研究中心”，支持学子探索两国文化共通点 —— 如布拉格查理大学与南京大学合作开展的 “卡夫卡与中国现代文学” 对比研究项目，已培育多名优秀学者。这种跨文明的体验，能让捷克学子在全球化时代拥有更包容的视野。
三、未来可期：技能储备与发展机遇共振
来华留学的经历，将成为捷克学子未来发展的 “加分项”。从就业来看，随着中捷经贸、文化合作日益紧密，既懂汉语又掌握专业知识的人才愈发紧缺：在捷克的中资企业（如华为捷克分公司、中兴通讯东欧总部）中，熟悉中国市场规则的毕业生起薪较同专业本地求职者高出 20%-30%；而在中国，从事中欧贸易、文化传播的岗位（如跨境电商运营、国际文化活动策划）对捷克籍人才需求旺盛，部分企业还提供 “留学 + 实习” 一体化计划，如阿里巴巴国际站的 “全球英才计划”，允许捷克留学生在校期间参与跨境业务实习，毕业后优先录用。此外，汉语水平考试（HSK）成绩已成为许多国际企业的加分项，捷克学子若能取得 HSK5 级及以上证书，无论是回国进入对华合作机构，还是前往第三国发展，都将具备独特竞争力。
图源网络
I.Educational Advantages: Quality Resources and Diverse Choices
The international development of China’s higher education has created broad academic paths for Czech students. As of 2024, 137 Chinese universities have been included in the QS World University Rankings. Top institutions such as Tsinghua University and Peking University are globally renowned in fields like engineering technology and life sciences, while Beijing Language and Culture University and Shanghai International Studies University have become preferred choices for Czech students to learn Chinese, thanks to their mature international Chinese education systems. More attractively, China offers abundant scholarship policies for international students: the Chinese Government Scholarship covers tuition fees, accommodation fees, and a monthly living allowance (approximately 2,500 RMB for undergraduates and 3,000-3,500 RMB for postgraduates). The "Silk Road" Chinese Government Scholarship is specifically for students from Belt and Road countries, with the number of Czech recipients increasing by 18% year-on-year in 2023. Furthermore, more universities are offering bilingual or fully English-taught programs, such as the "International Engineering" program at Zhejiang University and the "Global Public Health" program at Fudan University, eliminating language barriers to studying.
II.Cultural Journey: Integration of Civilization Exchange and Horizon Expansion
Studying in China is not only about academic advancement but also a profound cultural experience. With a 5,000-year-old civilization, China allows Czech students to explore the imperial grandeur of the Forbidden City, appreciate the elegance of Suzhou gardens during leisure time, and participate in traditional folk activities like making zongzi (glutinous rice dumplings) during the Dragon Boat Festival and mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival, engaging with Chinese culture in an immersive way. Meanwhile, the booming cultural exchanges between China and the Czech Republic have built a unique bridge for students: during the annual "China-Czech Republic Cultural Year," Czech students can participate in themed activities such as Sino-European music dialogues and Slavic literature seminars. Some universities have even established "China-Czech Cultural Research Centers" to support students in exploring cultural commonalities between the two countries—for example, the cooperative research project "Kafka and Modern Chinese Literature" between Charles University in Prague and Nanjing University has nurtured many outstanding scholars. This cross-civilization experience equips Czech students with a more inclusive perspective in the era of globalization.
III.Promising Future: Resonance of Skill Development and Career Opportunities
The experience of studying in China will be a "plus factor" for Czech students’ future development. In terms of employment, as economic and cultural cooperation between China and the Czech Republic grows closer, there is an increasing shortage of talents who know both Chinese and professional knowledge: in Chinese-funded enterprises in the Czech Republic (such as Huawei Czech Branch and ZTE Eastern Europe Headquarters), graduates familiar with Chinese market rules have a starting salary 20%-30% higher than local job seekers in the same major. In China, positions related to China-Europe trade and cultural communication (such as cross-border e-commerce operations and international cultural event planning) have a strong demand for Czech talents. Some enterprises also offer "study + internship" integrated programs, such as Alibaba International Station’s "Global Talent Program," which allows Czech students to participate in cross-border business internships during their studies and be prioritized for employment after graduation. Additionally, scores of the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK, Chinese Proficiency Test) have become a bonus for many international enterprises. If Czech students can obtain an HSK Level 5 or above certificate, they will have unique competitiveness whether they return to work in China-Czech cooperation institutions or develop in a third country.
图源网络
四、签证办理指南
IV. Visa Application Guide
（1）签证类型与基础材料
工作签证（Z签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件（空白签证页≥3页）。
彩色打印的签证申请表（需在线填写并签字，网址：https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/）。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中国雇主出具的邀请函原件或传真件。
单位派遣函。
护照首页复印件。
特殊要求：需提供无犯罪记录证明、学历证明及体检证明（部分使领馆可能要求）。
学习签证（X签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
录取通知书原件及《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》（JW201/202表）。
资金担保证明（如银行存款证明）。
注意事项：申请X1签证（长期学习）需在入境后30日内申办居留证件。
商务签证（M签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中方公司出具的邀请函（需包含经贸活动详情、费用承担方等信息）。
派遣函（需包含申请人信息、职位、出访目的等）。
特殊要求：若非在国籍国申请，需提供合法停留或居留证明。
（2）办理流程
在线填写申请表：登录中国签证在线办理系统（https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/），如实填写并提交申请表。上传符合要求的照片（近期、正面、彩色、免冠）。
递交材料：网上初审通过后，无需预约即可前往中国驻捷克大使馆或签证申请中心递交护照及材料。
需留存十指指纹（未满14周岁或超过70周岁人员、持外交护照人员等可免采）。
缴费与等待审批：
缴费标准：普通签证费用因签证类型及有效期而异（如Z签证费用约2435元人民币起，含手续费）。
审批时间：普通4个工作日，加急3个工作日（含递交护照当日）。
领取签证：审批通过后，凭取证单及缴费凭证领取护照及签证。
（3）注意事项材料真实性：
所有材料需真实、完整，虚假材料将导致拒签或入境受阻。
邀请函要求：邀请函需明确访问目的、时间、停留期、费用承担方等信息，并由邀请人亲笔签名（电子签名无效）。
生物信息采集：除免采指纹人员外，均需到馆采集指纹。
加急服务：加急费约1000元人民币/人，3个工作日出签。
入境后手续：持Z签证或X1签证入境后，需在30日内向拟居留地公安机关申办居留证件。
图源网络
(1) Visa Type and Basic Materials:
Core materials for a work visa (Z visa) :
An original passport valid for more than 6 months (with at least 3 blank visa pages).
Color print visa application form (online fill out and sign, url: https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/).
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original invitation letter issued by the Chinese employer or the fax copy. Unit dispatch letter.
A copy of the first page of the passport.
Special requirements: A certificate of no criminal record, academic qualifications and a physical examination certificate must be provided (some embassies and consulates may require this).
Core materials for the study visa (X visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original admission notice and the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China" (JW201/202 form). Proof of financial guarantee (such as bank deposit certificate).
Note: To apply for the X1 visa (long-term study), a residence permit must be applied for within 30 days after entry.
Core materials for a business visa (M visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The invitation letter issued by the Chinese company (which should include details of the economic and trade activities, the party bearing the costs, etc.).
Dispatch letter (which should include the applicant's information, position, purpose of visit, etc.)
Special requirements: If the application is not made in the country of nationality, a legal proof of stay or residence must be provided.
(2)fill out the application formonline process:
Fill out the online application form: login Chinese visa online conduction system (https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/), truthfully fill out and submit the application form. Upload photos that meet the requirements (recent, frontal, color, and bareheaded).
Submission of materials: After the initial online review is passed, you can go to the Chinese Embassy in Czech or the Visa Application Center to submit your passport and materials without making an appointment. Fingerprints of all ten fingers need to be retained (those under 14 years old or over 70 years old, holders of diplomatic passports, etc. are exempt from collection).
Payment and waiting for approval:
Payment standards: The cost of a regular visa varies depending on the visa type and validity period (for example, the cost of a Z visa starts from approximately 2,435 RMB, including handling fees).
Approval time: 4 working days for regular approval and 3 working days for expedited approval (including the day of passport submission).
Visa collection: After approval, collect your passport and visa with the receipt and payment voucher.
(3) Notes the Authenticity of Materials:
All materials must be true and complete. False materials will result in visa rejection or obstruction of entry.
Invitation letter requirements: The invitation letter must clearly state the purpose of the visit, time, duration of stay, and the party bearing the expenses, etc., and be signed by the inviter in person (electronic signatures are invalid).
Biometric information collection: All individuals except those exempted from fingerprint collection are required to come to the library for fingerprint collection.
Express service: The express fee is approximately 1,000 RMB per person, and the visa will be issued within 3 working days.
After entry procedures: After entering the country with a Z visa or X1 visa, you need to apply for a residence permit from the public security organ of the intended place of residence within 30 days.
结语Conclusion
当捷克的精密工业基因遇见中国的产业升级浪潮，当查理大学的学术理想碰撞清华园的创新氛围，来华工作与留学早已不是单向的选择，而是双向奔赴的机遇共鸣。从R字人才签证的便捷通关，到中国政府奖学金的温暖护航；从汽车研发中心的技术深耕，到苏州园林里的文化沉浸，每一条路径都串联着中捷合作的深厚纽带，每一次启程都书写着跨文明对话的崭新篇章。
若你正筹划这段东方旅程，不必顾虑签证流程的繁琐——中国持续优化的外籍人员服务体系，早已为专业人才的职业进阶、青年学子的学术成长铺就坦途。从此刻起，无论是怀揣技术蓝图奔赴产业蓝海，还是带着求知热忱踏入百年学府，中国都将以开放的姿态，迎接每一位来自捷克的追梦者。让签证成为跨越山海的桥梁，让工作与留学的时光，成为你我共筑中捷友谊的珍贵注脚，共赴一场双向成就的美好未来。
图源网络
When the precision industrial heritage of the Czech Republic meets the wave of industrial upgrading in China, and when the academic aspirations of Charles University collide with the innovative atmosphere of Tsinghua Garden, working or studying in China is no longer a one-way choice, but a mutually rewarding resonance of opportunities. From the convenient customs clearance of the R-type talent visa to the warm support of the Chinese Government Scholarship; from in-depth technical exploration in automotive R&D centers to immersive cultural experiences in Suzhou gardens, every path is linked to the deep bond of China-Czech cooperation, and every journey writes a new chapter of cross-civilization dialogue.
If you are planning this Oriental journey, there is no need to worry about the complexity of visa procedures — China’s continuously optimized service system for foreign nationals has long paved a smooth way for the career advancement of professionals and the academic growth of young students. From this moment on, whether you are heading to the blue ocean of industries with technical blueprints, or stepping into century-old universities with a passion for knowledge, China will welcome every dreamer from the Czech Republic with an open attitude. Let the visa be a bridge across mountains and seas, and let the time of working and studying become a precious footnote for you and me to build China-Czech friendship, moving toward a bright future of mutual achievement.
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