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一、中国与老挝方友好关系
I.The friendly relations between China and Laos
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山水相连，命运与共，中国与老挝的 “胞波” 情谊已跨越 63 载春秋。自 1961 年建交以来，两国始终秉持 “长期稳定、睦邻友好、彼此信赖、全面合作” 方针，在 “一带一路” 倡议与 “中老命运共同体” 建设指引下，搭建起全方位合作的桥梁 —— 中老铁路如钢铁丝路穿梭于中南半岛，2024 年双边贸易额突破 152 亿美元，云南民族大学与老挝国立大学共建的孔子学院，让 “亲仁善邻” 的东方智慧与老挝 “团结即力量” 的谚语深度交融。从疫情期间中国援助的疫苗与医疗物资，到中老联合农业技术示范中心的田间协作，再到 2024 年中方对老挝试行的单方面免签政策，每一次互动都践行着 “互利共赢、人文互通” 的初心，为老挝朋友赴华工作求学铺就便捷坦途。
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Mountains and rivers connect us, and our fates are intertwined—the "pauk-phaw" friendship between China and Laos has spanned 63 years. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1961, the two countries have always adhered to the principle of "long-term stability, good-neighborliness and friendship, mutual trust, and comprehensive cooperation". Under the guidance of the Belt and Road Initiative and the construction of the China-Laos Community with a Shared Future, a bridge of all-round cooperation has been built. The China-Laos Railway runs through the Indochina Peninsula like a "steel silk road", the bilateral trade volume exceeded 15.2 billion US dollars in 2024, and the Confucius Institute co-founded by Yunnan Minzu University and the National University of Laos has enabled the Eastern wisdom of "loving neighbors and being kind to others" to deeply resonate with Laos' proverb that "unity is strength". From the vaccines and medical supplies aided by China during the pandemic, to the on-field collaboration at the China-Laos Joint Agricultural Technology Demonstration Center, and the unilateral visa exemption policy implemented by China for Laos in 2024, every interaction practices the original aspiration of "mutual benefit and win-win results, and cultural and people-to-people exchanges", paving a convenient and smooth path for friends from Laos to work and study in China.
二、老挝人来华工作的机遇
II. Opportunities for Lao to work in China
在 “一带一路” 与中老经济走廊建设浪潮中，中老铁路运营维护、万象至万荣高速公路建设等重点项目，催生大量铁路调度、工程监理、跨境物流管理岗位需求，熟悉中老双语及两国贸易规则的人才成为合作核心纽带；随着双边贸易从农产品（如老挝大米、橡胶）、矿产资源拓展至数字服务、跨境电商，老挝语跨境电商运营、东南亚市场合规咨询等新兴岗位缺口显著，为老挝从业者打开对接中国超大规模市场的通道。
二、产业升级拓赛道，优势互补促发展
中国产业升级为老挝人才带来多元化机遇。在农业领域，中老农业合作园区亟需老挝籍农业技术专员，推动热带作物种植技术改良与农产品深加工；在新能源领域，云南、广西等地的光伏、水电项目与老挝清洁能源资源开发需求契合，具备能源管理背景的老挝人才竞争力突出；在数字经济领域，中国互联网企业开拓东南亚市场时，急需懂老挝文化、掌握数字营销技能的复合型人才，老挝从业者在跨境直播电商、多语言 APP 运营等岗位上优势明显。
三、人文科教深融合，文化交流添活力
人文科教领域为老挝人才提供特色舞台。孔子学院、中老联合办学机构需大量老挝籍汉语教师与文化辅导员，助力中老语言文化交流；中老生态保护联合实验室、传统医药研究中心等平台，为老挝科研人员提供参与生物多样性保护、傣泰传统医药研发等国家级项目的机会；中国西南地区文旅产业蓬勃发展，熟悉老挝民俗文化的旅游策划、跨境导游人才备受青睐，成为推动中老民间往来的重要力量。
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I.The "Belt and Road" Builds a Smooth Path, Infrastructure and Trade Set Up Platforms
In the wave of the "Belt and Road" and the construction of the China-Laos Economic Corridor, key projects such as the operation and maintenance of the China-Laos Railway and the construction of the Vientiane-Vang Vieng Expressway have spawned a large demand for positions in railway dispatching, engineering supervision, and cross-border logistics management. Talents familiar with Chinese-Lao bilingual skills and the trade rules of the two countries have become the core link of cooperation. As bilateral trade expands from agricultural products (such as Lao rice and rubber), mineral resources to digital services and cross-border e-commerce, the gap in emerging positions such as Lao-language cross-border e-commerce operation and Southeast Asian market compliance consulting is significant, opening a channel for Lao practitioners to connect with China's ultra-large-scale market.
II.Industrial Upgrading Expands Tracks, Complementary Advantages Promote Development
China's industrial upgrading has brought diversified opportunities for Lao talents. In the agricultural field, China-Laos agricultural cooperation parks are in urgent need of Lao agricultural technology specialists to promote the improvement of tropical crop planting technology and the deep processing of agricultural products. In the new energy field, photovoltaic and hydropower projects in Yunnan, Guangxi and other places are in line with the development needs of Laos' clean energy resources, and Lao talents with energy management backgrounds have outstanding competitiveness. In the digital economy field, when Chinese Internet companies explore the Southeast Asian market, they are in urgent need of compound talents who understand Lao culture and master digital marketing skills. Lao practitioners have obvious advantages in positions such as cross-border live e-commerce and multilingual APP operation.
III.In-depth Integration of Culture, Education and Science, Adding Vitality to Cultural Exchanges
The field of culture, education and science provides a characteristic stage for Lao talents. Confucius Institutes and China-Laos joint education institutions need a large number of Lao-speaking Chinese teachers and cultural counselors to promote Chinese-Lao language and cultural exchanges. Platforms such as the China-Laos Joint Laboratory for Ecological Protection and the Traditional Medicine Research Center provide Lao researchers with opportunities to participate in national-level projects such as biodiversity conservation and Dai-Thai traditional medicine research and development. The cultural and tourism industry in southwest China is developing vigorously, and tourism planning and cross-border tour guide talents familiar with Lao folk culture are highly favored, becoming an important force in promoting people-to-people exchanges between China and Laos.
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三、老挝人来华学习的机会
III. Opportunities for Lao to study in China
一、优质教育资源广，专业选择多维度
中国已形成覆盖基础研究至应用实践的完善教育体系，137 所高校跻身 QS 世界大学排名，在农业科学、中医药、铁路工程、数字技术等领域优势显著。老挝学子可申请云南大学、广西大学等毗邻老挝的高校，就近攻读热带农业、跨境贸易等特色专业；也可报考北京交通大学、南京农业大学等院校，深耕铁路工程、农业资源与环境等优势学科；依托中老传统医药合作，还能就读云南中医药大学、广西中医药大学，探索傣老传统医药与中医药融合发展路径。此外，“中国政府奖学金 — 中老友好专项”“丝绸之路奖学金” 等覆盖学费、住宿费及生活补贴，大幅降低留学经济压力。
二、跨文化体验沉浸式，全球视野全方位
来华留学的核心价值在于文化素养与国际视野的双重提升。中国高校普遍开设 “中国文化概论”“东南亚区域研究” 等课程，老挝学子可走进西双版纳傣族园体验民俗，探访中老铁路昆明枢纽感受 “钢铁丝路” 魅力，参与 “中老青年文化周”“汉语桥” 等活动，与中国师生、企业家深度交流。这种 “沉浸式” 体验能让老挝学子成为中老文化互鉴的使者，而熟练掌握中文（全球使用人数最多的语言）与专业技能，将为其未来发展注入核心竞争力。
三、合作红利持续释，就业前景广且优
中老在 “一带一路” 框架下的合作持续深化，中老铁路运营、跨境经济合作区建设、农业产业链融合等项目，亟需既懂专业知识又熟悉中老双语与文化的复合型人才。老挝留学生毕业后，可凭借 “中国学历 + 双语能力 + 专业技能” 优势，入职中老铁路公司、中资农业企业驻老挝分支机构，或在云南、广西的跨境电商平台、文旅企业任职；同时，中国持续扩大对外开放，在华跨国企业对熟悉东南亚市场的人才需求旺盛，无论选择留华发展还是回国参与双边合作，都能拥有广阔职业空间。
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I.Wide Range of High-Quality Educational Resources, Multi-Dimensional Major Choices
China has formed a complete educational system covering basic research to applied practice. 137 Chinese universities are listed in the QS World University Rankings, with significant advantages in fields such as agricultural science, traditional Chinese medicine, railway engineering, and digital technology. Lao students can apply to universities adjacent to Laos such as Yunnan University and Guangxi University to study characteristic majors such as tropical agriculture and cross-border trade nearby; they can also apply to institutions such as Beijing Jiaotong University and Nanjing Agricultural University to deepen their studies in advantageous disciplines such as railway engineering and agricultural resources and environment; relying on China-Laos traditional medicine cooperation, they can also study at Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine to explore the integrated development path of Dai-Lao traditional medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, the "Chinese Government Scholarship - China-Laos Friendship Special Program" and "Silk Road Scholarship" cover tuition fees, accommodation fees and living subsidies, greatly reducing the economic pressure of studying abroad.
II.Immersive Cross-Cultural Experience, Comprehensive Global Vision
The core value of studying in China lies in the dual improvement of cultural literacy and international vision. Chinese universities generally offer courses such as "Introduction to Chinese Culture" and "Southeast Asian Regional Studies". Lao students can enter the Xishuangbanna Dai Garden to experience folk customs, visit the Kunming Hub of the China-Laos Railway to feel the charm of the "steel silk road", and participate in activities such as the "China-Laos Youth Culture Week" and "Chinese Bridge" to communicate in depth with Chinese teachers, students and entrepreneurs. This "immersive" experience can make Lao students envoys of cultural mutual learning between China and Laos, and proficient mastery of Chinese (the most widely used language in the world) and professional skills will inject core competitiveness into their future development.
III.Sustained Release of Cooperation Dividends, Broad and Excellent Employment Prospects
Cooperation between China and Laos under the framework of the "Belt and Road" continues to deepen. Projects such as the operation of the China-Laos Railway, the construction of cross-border economic cooperation zones, and the integration of agricultural industrial chains are in urgent need of compound talents who have professional knowledge and are familiar with Chinese-Lao bilingualism and culture. After graduation, Lao international students can rely on the advantages of "Chinese academic credentials + bilingual ability + professional skills" to join the China-Laos Railway Company, the Lao branches of Chinese-funded agricultural enterprises, or work in cross-border e-commerce platforms and cultural and tourism enterprises in Yunnan and Guangxi; at the same time, China continues to expand opening up, and multinational enterprises in China have a strong demand for talents familiar with the Southeast Asian market. Whether choosing to develop in China or return to Laos to participate in bilateral cooperation, they can have a broad professional space.
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四、签证办理指南
IV. Visa Application Guide
（1）签证类型与基础材料
工作签证（Z签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件（空白签证页≥3页）。
彩色打印的签证申请表（需在线填写并签字，网址：https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/）。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中国雇主出具的邀请函原件或传真件。
单位派遣函。
护照首页复印件。
特殊要求：需提供无犯罪记录证明、学历证明及体检证明（部分使领馆可能要求）。
学习签证（X签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
录取通知书原件及《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》（JW201/202表）。
资金担保证明（如银行存款证明）。
注意事项：申请X1签证（长期学习）需在入境后30日内申办居留证件。
商务签证（M签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中方公司出具的邀请函（需包含经贸活动详情、费用承担方等信息）。
派遣函（需包含申请人信息、职位、出访目的等）。
特殊要求：若非在国籍国申请，需提供合法停留或居留证明。
（2）办理流程
在线填写申请表：登录中国签证在线办理系统（https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/），如实填写并提交申请表。上传符合要求的照片（近期、正面、彩色、免冠）。
递交材料：网上初审通过后，无需预约即可前往中国驻老挝大使馆或签证申请中心递交护照及材料。
需留存十指指纹（未满14周岁或超过70周岁人员、持外交护照人员等可免采）。
缴费与等待审批：
缴费标准：普通签证费用因签证类型及有效期而异（如Z签证费用约2435元人民币起，含手续费）。
审批时间：普通4个工作日，加急3个工作日（含递交护照当日）。
领取签证：审批通过后，凭取证单及缴费凭证领取护照及签证。
（3）注意事项材料真实性：
所有材料需真实、完整，虚假材料将导致拒签或入境受阻。
邀请函要求：邀请函需明确访问目的、时间、停留期、费用承担方等信息，并由邀请人亲笔签名（电子签名无效）。
生物信息采集：除免采指纹人员外，均需到馆采集指纹。
加急服务：加急费约1000元人民币/人，3个工作日出签。
入境后手续：持Z签证或X1签证入境后，需在30日内向拟居留地公安机关申办居留证件。
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(1) Visa Type and Basic Materials:
Core materials for a work visa (Z visa) :
An original passport valid for more than 6 months (with at least 3 blank visa pages).
Color print visa application form (online fill out and sign, url: https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/).
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original invitation letter issued by the Chinese employer or the fax copy. Unit dispatch letter.
A copy of the first page of the passport.
Special requirements: A certificate of no criminal record, academic qualifications and a physical examination certificate must be provided (some embassies and consulates may require this).
Core materials for the study visa (X visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original admission notice and the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China" (JW201/202 form). Proof of financial guarantee (such as bank deposit certificate).
Note: To apply for the X1 visa (long-term study), a residence permit must be applied for within 30 days after entry.
Core materials for a business visa (M visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The invitation letter issued by the Chinese company (which should include details of the economic and trade activities, the party bearing the costs, etc.).
Dispatch letter (which should include the applicant's information, position, purpose of visit, etc.)
Special requirements: If the application is not made in the country of nationality, a legal proof of stay or residence must be provided.
(2)fill out the application formonline process:
Fill out the online application form: login Chinese visa online conduction system (https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/), truthfully fill out and submit the application form. Upload photos that meet the requirements (recent, frontal, color, and bareheaded).
Submission of materials: After the initial online review is passed, you can go to the Chinese Embassy in Laos or the Visa Application Center to submit your passport and materials without making an appointment. Fingerprints of all ten fingers need to be retained (those under 14 years old or over 70 years old, holders of diplomatic passports, etc. are exempt from collection).
Payment and waiting for approval:
Payment standards: The cost of a regular visa varies depending on the visa type and validity period (for example, the cost of a Z visa starts from approximately 2,435 RMB, including handling fees).
Approval time: 4 working days for regular approval and 3 working days for expedited approval (including the day of passport submission).
Visa collection: After approval, collect your passport and visa with the receipt and payment voucher.
(3) Notes the Authenticity of Materials:
All materials must be true and complete. False materials will result in visa rejection or obstruction of entry.
Invitation letter requirements: The invitation letter must clearly state the purpose of the visit, time, duration of stay, and the party bearing the expenses, etc., and be signed by the inviter in person (electronic signatures are invalid).
Biometric information collection: All individuals except those exempted from fingerprint collection are required to come to the library for fingerprint collection.
Express service: The express fee is approximately 1,000 RMB per person, and the visa will be issued within 3 working days.
After entry procedures: After entering the country with a Z visa or X1 visa, you need to apply for a residence permit from the public security organ of the intended place of residence within 30 days.
结语Conclusion
湄公河的清波与长江的巨浪相拥，六十余载的 “胞波” 情谊，早已成为老挝朋友来华逐梦的坚实基石。无论是投身中老铁路的运营浪潮，在产业合作中施展才华；还是漫步中国高校的林荫道，在知识殿堂中汲取养分，来华工作与留学的每一步，都是跨越山河的成长，更是中老共赢的见证。我们已为你梳理清晰机遇脉络，下一期 “老挝人来华签证办理全指南”，将带你解锁从材料准备到申请流程的完整攻略。愿这份跨越国界的联结，助力你的东方梦想扎根发芽，让中老友谊在携手同行中绽放更耀眼的光芒！
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The clear waves of the Mekong River embrace the huge waves of the Yangtze River. The "pauk-phaw" friendship of more than 60 years has long become a solid foundation for friends from Laos to pursue their dreams in China. Whether you are joining the operation wave of the China-Laos Railway to display your talents in industrial cooperation, or wandering along the tree-lined paths of Chinese universities to absorb nutrients in the palace of knowledge, every step of working and studying in China is a growth across mountains and rivers, and even more a testimony to China-Laos win-win cooperation. We have sorted out the opportunity context clearly for you. The next issue of "Complete Guide to Visa Application for Laotians to China" will take you to unlock the complete strategy from document preparation to application process. May this cross-border connection help your Oriental dream take root and germinate, and let the China-Laos friendship
END
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