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一、中国与圣方友好关系
I.The friendly relations between China and San Marino
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中国与圣马力诺的友谊，在五十余载岁月中沉淀为跨越山海的佳话。自1971年建交以来，两国以“大小国家一律平等”的理念为基石，树立了不同文明相知相亲的典范。圣马力诺前执政官泰伦齐以七十余次访华的足迹架起桥梁，促成孔子学院与欧洲首家中医博物馆落地，让茶艺墨香与针灸智慧在蒂塔诺山巅流转；1985年签署的免签协议，更成为西欧国家与中国便利人员往来的先行者标志。如今，双边贸易额较十年前增幅近200%，青少年交流营的欢笑与经贸论坛的共识交织，在2026年建交55周年的新起点上，续写着互信共赢的篇章。
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The friendship between China and San Marino has evolved into a timeless story spanning continents over more than five decades. Since establishing diplomatic relations in 1971, the two countries have set a model for cultural mutual understanding based on the principle of "equality among nations regardless of size". Former San Marino Captain Regent Gian Franco Terenzi built bridges with over seventy visits to China, facilitating the establishment of the Confucius Institute and Europe's first Traditional Chinese Medicine Museum, bringing tea art, calligraphy, and acupuncture wisdom to the slopes of Mount Titano. The 1985 visa exemption agreement also marked San Marino as a pioneer among Western European countries in facilitating people-to-people exchanges with China. Today, bilateral trade volume has nearly tripled compared to a decade ago, with laughter from youth exchange camps and consensus from economic forums intertwining. As the 55th anniversary of diplomatic relations approaches in 2026, this journey of mutual trust and win-win cooperation continues to unfold.
二、圣马力诺人来华工作的机遇
II. Opportunities for Sammarinese to work in China
圣马力诺深耕精密机械、高端钟表等领域的百年工艺，恰与中国“中国制造 2025”战略下的智能制造需求同频。长三角、珠三角的高端装备产业集群中，圣马力诺技术人才可参与精密零部件研发、智能生产线优化，甚至推动两国企业联合攻关——如为新能源汽车打造微型精密传感器，或为航空航天领域提供超精密加工方案。中国持续开放的高端制造业市场，正为兼具传统匠心与现代技术的圣马力诺人才，搭建起“工艺传承+技术创新”的职业舞台。
二、文化文旅与创意产业：文明交融的价值沃土
作为拥有千年历史的世界文化遗产地，圣马力诺的古堡文化、艺术传统与中国文旅融合发展的浪潮高度契合。在“一带一路”文化交流背景下，圣马力诺人才可参与中欧主题文旅项目策划——如打造“古堡与古镇”跨境文旅IP，或在非遗保护领域开展合作，将圣马力诺的传统手工艺与中国的非遗活化经验结合。此外，中国蓬勃发展的文创市场、艺术展览行业，也为圣马力诺文化从业者提供了“文明互鉴+商业转化”的价值实现路径。
三、绿色经济与可持续发展：低碳未来的合作契机
圣马力诺在可再生能源利用、低碳城市建设领域的探索（如太阳能普及、微型水电站技术），与中国“双碳”目标下的绿色产业需求形成互补。中国新能源产业（光伏、风电）、绿色建筑、低碳交通等领域的快速发展，亟需国际先进的低碳技术与管理经验。圣马力诺人才可参与中圣绿色技术联合研发、低碳项目落地（如中小城市低碳改造方案），甚至在绿色金融领域推动合作——中国庞大的绿色投资市场，将为聚焦可持续发展的圣马力诺人才，开启“技术落地+产业赋能”的广阔前景。
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I.High-end Manufacturing & Precision Craftsmanship: An Industrial Blue Ocean for Technological Resonance
San Marino’s centuries-old expertise in precision machinery and high-end watchmaking aligns perfectly with the intelligent manufacturing needs under China’s "Made in China 2025" strategy. In the high-end equipment industry clusters of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, San Marino technical talents can participate in the R&D of precision components, the optimization of intelligent production lines, and even promote joint research between Chinese and San Marino enterprises—such as developing micro-precision sensors for new energy vehicles or providing ultra-precision machining solutions for the aerospace sector. China’s continuously opening high-end manufacturing market is building a professional stage of "craft inheritance + technological innovation" for San Marino talents who possess both traditional craftsmanship and modern technology.
II.Cultural Tourism & Creative Industries: A Value-rich Soil for Civilization Integration
As a world cultural heritage site with a thousand-year history, San Marino’s castle culture and artistic traditions highly match the wave of integrated cultural and tourism development in China. Against the backdrop of "Belt and Road" cultural exchanges, San Marino talents can participate in the planning of China-Europe themed cultural tourism projects—such as creating cross-border cultural tourism IPs like "Castles and Ancient Towns," or conducting cooperation in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) protection by combining San Marino’s traditional handicrafts with China’s experience in activating ICH. Additionally, China’s booming cultural and creative market and art exhibition industry provide a value realization path of "civilization mutual learning + commercial transformation" for San Marino cultural practitioners.
III.Green Economy & Sustainable Development: A Cooperation Opportunity for a Low-Carbon Future
San Marino’s explorations in renewable energy utilization and low-carbon city construction (such as solar energy popularization and micro-hydropower technology) complement China’s green industry needs under the "dual-carbon goals." The rapid development of China’s new energy industry (photovoltaics, wind power), green buildings, and low-carbon transportation urgently requires internationally advanced low-carbon technologies and management experience. San Marino talents can participate in Sino-San Marino joint R&D of green technologies and the implementation of low-carbon projects (such as low-carbon transformation plans for small and medium-sized cities), and even promote cooperation in green finance—China’s vast green investment market will open up broad prospects of "technology implementation + industrial empowerment" for San Marino talents focusing on sustainable development.
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三、圣马力诺人来华学习的机会
III. Opportunities for Liechtensteiner to study in China
一、文化遗产与非遗研究：文明对话的学术沃土
圣马力诺坐拥千年古堡与世界文化遗产，而中国是拥有联合国非遗项目最多的国家之一，两者在文化保护领域的共振，为圣马力诺学子开辟了独特学术路径。无论是在北京大学、复旦大学的考古与文博专业，研究“跨境文化遗产的活态传承”，还是在苏州、杭州等地的非遗工坊实践，学习“传统工艺的现代转化”（如将圣马力诺金属锻造技艺与中国丝绸刺绣结合的文创设计），抑或参与“中圣古堡建筑修复联合课题”，都能让学子在故宫的飞檐与圣马力诺古堡的雉堞间搭建研究桥梁，既深化对本土文化的认知，也掌握具有全球视野的文化保护方法论
二、新兴学科与产业适配：对接未来的职业赋能
中国在新能源、人工智能、数字经济、绿色建筑等领域的发展速度与产业规模位居世界前列，高校的学科建设深度对接产业实践——这恰好匹配圣马力诺推动“微型国家高端化发展”的需求。圣马力诺学子可在清华大学、上海交通大学攻读新能源科学与工程，参与光伏技术与微型水电站的联合研发（呼应圣马力诺的可再生能源探索）；或在浙江大学、深圳大学学习数字媒体技术，借助中国成熟的文创产业生态，将圣马力诺的文化符号转化为全球化数字 IP。这种“学术学习+产业实践”的模式，能让学子毕业即具备对接中圣合作项目、乃至全球新兴产业的核心竞争力。
三、国际合作与多边平台：全球视野的成长阶梯
中国高校依托“一带一路”教育行动、金砖国家大学联盟等平台，构建了覆盖180多个国家的国际教育合作网络。圣马力诺学子不仅能享受“中国政府奖学金”“丝绸之路奖学金”等资助，更能通过校际交换、联合培养项目（如与意大利高校的“中-圣-意三方学分互认”）拓展学术边界；还可参与“国际青年领袖论坛”“中圣青年文化交流周”等活动，与来自全球的同龄人共同探讨“低碳城市建设”“小国家文化传播”等议题，在实践中积累跨国协作经验，成长为连接中圣、辐射欧洲的跨文化使者。
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I.Cultural Heritage & ICH Research: An Academic Hotbed for Civilization Dialogue
San Marino is home to a millennium-old castle and world cultural heritage, while China ranks among the countries with the most UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) items. The resonance between the two in cultural protection opens a unique academic path for San Marino students. Whether studying "the living inheritance of cross-border cultural heritage" in the archaeology and cultural heritage majors at Peking University or Fudan University, practicing "the modern transformation of traditional crafts" (such as combining San Marino's metal forging techniques with Chinese silk embroidery in cultural and creative design) in ICH workshops in Suzhou or Hangzhou, or participating in the "China-San Marino Joint Project on Castle Restoration", students can build a research bridge between the eaves of the Forbidden City and the battlements of San Marino's castles. This not only deepens their understanding of their own culture but also equips them with a global perspective on cultural protection methodologies.
II.Emerging Disciplines & Industry Adaptation: Career Empowerment for the Future
China leads the world in the development speed and industrial scale of new energy, artificial intelligence, digital economy, and green architecture, with university discipline construction closely aligned with industrial practice—this perfectly matches San Marino's need to promote "high-end development of micro-states". San Marino students can study New Energy Science and Engineering at Tsinghua University or Shanghai Jiao Tong University, participating in the joint R&D of photovoltaic technology and micro-hydropower stations (echoing San Marino's exploration of renewable energy); or learn digital media technology at Zhejiang University or Shenzhen University, leveraging China's mature cultural and creative industry ecosystem to transform San Marino's cultural symbols into global digital IPs. This "academic learning + industrial practice" model enables students to possess core competitiveness in connecting China-San Marino cooperation projects and even global emerging industries upon graduation.
III.International Cooperation & Multilateral Platforms: A Growth Ladder for Global Vision
Chinese universities have built an international education cooperation network covering more than 180 countries through platforms such as the "Belt and Road" Education Initiative and the BRICS University Alliance. San Marino students can not only benefit from funding like the "Chinese Government Scholarship" and "Silk Road Scholarship" but also expand their academic boundaries through inter-university exchange and joint training programs (such as the "China-San Marino-Italy Tripartite Credit Recognition" with Italian universities). They can also participate in activities like the "International Youth Leadership Forum" and "China-San Marino Youth Cultural Exchange Week", discussing topics such as "low-carbon city construction" and "cultural communication of small countries" with peers from around the world. By accumulating cross-border collaboration experience in practice, they grow into cross-cultural envoys connecting China and San Marino and radiating influence in Europe.
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四、签证办理指南
IV. Visa Application Guide
（1）签证类型与基础材料
工作签证（Z签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件（空白签证页≥3页）。
彩色打印的签证申请表（需在线填写并签字，网址：https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/）。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中国雇主出具的邀请函原件或传真件。
单位派遣函。
护照首页复印件。
特殊要求：需提供无犯罪记录证明、学历证明及体检证明（部分使领馆可能要求）。
学习签证（X签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
录取通知书原件及《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》（JW201/202表）。
资金担保证明（如银行存款证明）。
注意事项：申请X1签证（长期学习）需在入境后30日内申办居留证件。
商务签证（M签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中方公司出具的邀请函（需包含经贸活动详情、费用承担方等信息）。
派遣函（需包含申请人信息、职位、出访目的等）。
特殊要求：若非在国籍国申请，需提供合法停留或居留证明。
（2）办理流程
在线填写申请表：登录中国签证在线办理系统（https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/），如实填写并提交申请表。上传符合要求的照片（近期、正面、彩色、免冠）。
递交材料：网上初审通过后，无需预约即可前往中国驻圣马力诺大使馆或签证申请中心递交护照及材料。
需留存十指指纹（未满14周岁或超过70周岁人员、持外交护照人员等可免采）。
缴费与等待审批：
缴费标准：普通签证费用因签证类型及有效期而异（如Z签证费用约2435元人民币起，含手续费）。
审批时间：普通4个工作日，加急3个工作日（含递交护照当日）。
领取签证：审批通过后，凭取证单及缴费凭证领取护照及签证。
（3）注意事项材料真实性：
所有材料需真实、完整，虚假材料将导致拒签或入境受阻。
邀请函要求：邀请函需明确访问目的、时间、停留期、费用承担方等信息，并由邀请人亲笔签名（电子签名无效）。
生物信息采集：除免采指纹人员外，均需到馆采集指纹。
加急服务：加急费约1000元人民币/人，3个工作日出签。
入境后手续：持Z签证或X1签证入境后，需在30日内向拟居留地公安机关申办居留证件。
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(1) Visa Type and Basic Materials:
Core materials for a work visa (Z visa) :
An original passport valid for more than 6 months (with at least 3 blank visa pages).
Color print visa application form (online fill out and sign, url: https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/).
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original invitation letter issued by the Chinese employer or the fax copy. Unit dispatch letter.
A copy of the first page of the passport.
Special requirements: A certificate of no criminal record, academic qualifications and a physical examination certificate must be provided (some embassies and consulates may require this).
Core materials for the study visa (X visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original admission notice and the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China" (JW201/202 form). Proof of financial guarantee (such as bank deposit certificate).
Note: To apply for the X1 visa (long-term study), a residence permit must be applied for within 30 days after entry.
Core materials for a business visa (M visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The invitation letter issued by the Chinese company (which should include details of the economic and trade activities, the party bearing the costs, etc.).
Dispatch letter (which should include the applicant's information, position, purpose of visit, etc.)
Special requirements: If the application is not made in the country of nationality, a legal proof of stay or residence must be provided.
(2)fill out the application formonline process:
Fill out the online application form: login Chinese visa online conduction system (https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/), truthfully fill out and submit the application form. Upload photos that meet the requirements (recent, frontal, color, and bareheaded).
Submission of materials: After the initial online review is passed, you can go to the Chinese Embassy in San Marino or the Visa Application Center to submit your passport and materials without making an appointment. Fingerprints of all ten fingers need to be retained (those under 14 years old or over 70 years old, holders of diplomatic passports, etc. are exempt from collection).
Payment and waiting for approval:
Payment standards: The cost of a regular visa varies depending on the visa type and validity period (for example, the cost of a Z visa starts from approximately 2,435 RMB, including handling fees).
Approval time: 4 working days for regular approval and 3 working days for expedited approval (including the day of passport submission).
Visa collection: After approval, collect your passport and visa with the receipt and payment voucher.
(3) Notes the Authenticity of Materials:
All materials must be true and complete. False materials will result in visa rejection or obstruction of entry.
Invitation letter requirements: The invitation letter must clearly state the purpose of the visit, time, duration of stay, and the party bearing the expenses, etc., and be signed by the inviter in person (electronic signatures are invalid).
Biometric information collection: All individuals except those exempted from fingerprint collection are required to come to the library for fingerprint collection.
Express service: The express fee is approximately 1,000 RMB per person, and the visa will be issued within 3 working days.
After entry procedures: After entering the country with a Z visa or X1 visa, you need to apply for a residence permit from the public security organ of the intended place of residence within 30 days.
结语Conclusion
无论是怀揣职业理想奔赴中国的产业蓝海——在高端制造车间雕琢精密技艺，在绿色经济领域践行低碳理念；还是带着学术热忱踏入华夏的文明沃土——在文化遗产课堂搭建对话桥梁，在新兴学科实验室探索未来可能，一张赴华签证，早已不只是跨越山海的通行凭证，更是连接中圣友谊、承载个人理想的纽带。五十余载相知相伴，中国始终以开放的姿态拥抱每一位追梦的圣马力诺友人：这里有适配职业成长的产业生态，有支撑学术深耕的教育平台，更有浸润着文明温度的交流土壤。未来，愿每一份奔赴都能收获成长，每一次探索都能点亮合作，让中圣友谊在彼此的奋斗与相知中，续写更多共荣共兴的新篇章。
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Whether you embark on a journey to China’s industrial blue ocean with professional aspirations—polishing precision skills in high-end manufacturing workshops or practicing low-carbon concepts in the green economy field; or step into the fertile ground of Chinese civilization with academic enthusiasm—building a dialogue bridge in cultural heritage classrooms or exploring future possibilities in emerging discipline laboratories, a visa to China is no longer just a travel document crossing mountains and seas, but a link connecting China-San Marino friendship and carrying personal dreams. After more than 50 years of mutual understanding and companionship, China has always embraced every San Marino friend pursuing dreams with an open attitude: here, there is an industrial ecosystem adapting to career growth, an educational platform supporting in-depth academic exploration, and a communication environment permeated with the warmth of civilizations. In the future, may every journey be rewarded with growth, every exploration illuminate cooperation, and let the China-San Marino friendship write more new chapters of common prosperity and development in each other’s struggles and mutual understanding.
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