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一、中国与委内瑞拉双方友好关系
I.The friendly relations between China and Venezuela
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中国与委内瑞拉的友好交往已走过半个世纪历程，自1974年正式建交以来，两国关系在风雨中持续升级：2001年建立共同发展的战略伙伴关系，2014年提升为全面战略伙伴关系，2023年9月更进一步确立全天候战略伙伴关系，2024年共庆建交50周年，铸就了名副其实的 “铁哥们友谊”。这种友谊根植于相互支持的政治互信：中国始终坚定支持委内瑞拉维护主权与社会稳定，委内瑞拉亦全力拥护中国核心利益，双方在联合国等多边舞台上密切协作，共同捍卫发展中国家权益。合作领域更实现全方位覆盖：从能源、农业、高科技到基础设施建设均成果丰硕，而人文交流尤为活跃，两国交响乐团互访演出、中国作为主宾国参与委内瑞拉国际图书博览会等活动，让友谊深入民心。教育领域的密切互动更为委内瑞拉学子赴华留学、专业人才来华工作奠定了坚实基础，成为双边关系蓬勃发展的生动注脚。
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China and Venezuela have fostered a friendly bond spanning half a century. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1974, their bilateral relations have continuously advanced amid evolving international landscapes: establishing a strategic partnership for common development in 2001, upgrading to a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2014, further elevating to an all-weather strategic partnership in September 2023, and celebrating the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations in 2024, forging a true "iron-clad friendship". This friendship is rooted in mutual political trust: China has always firmly supported Venezuela in safeguarding its sovereignty and social stability, while Venezuela strongly upholds China's core interests. The two countries maintain close coordination in multilateral arenas such as the UN to jointly defend the rights of developing nations. Cooperation has achieved all-round progress, yielding fruitful results in energy, agriculture, high technology, and infrastructure. People-to-people exchanges are particularly vibrant, with reciprocal visits by symphony orchestras and China's participation as the guest of honor at Venezuela's International Book Fair, embedding the friendship deeply in the hearts of both peoples. Intensive educational interactions have laid a solid foundation for Venezuelan students to study in China and professionals to work in China, serving as a vivid testament to the vigorous development of bilateral relations.
二、委内瑞拉人来华工作的机遇
II. Opportunities for Venezuelan to work in China
一、重点合作领域需求旺盛，岗位供给稳定
中委在能源、基建、农业、高科技等领域的合作已形成成熟产业链，中国企业在委内瑞拉的石油开发、公路桥梁建设、农业技术合作项目，以及国内涉委贸易、跨境电商企业，均急需懂西班牙语、熟悉拉美市场的专业人才。例如，能源领域需石油工程技术人员、跨境贸易需市场运营专员，岗位涵盖技术岗、管理岗、服务岗，且薪资待遇与职业晋升路径清晰。
二、“双语+跨文化”人才备受青睐，竞争优势突出
随着中委人文交流深化，既懂西班牙语又通中文、了解两国文化的 “双文化人才” 成为稀缺资源。在华留学的委内瑞拉学子（尤其是工程、经贸、语言专业），或有中企工作经历的本地人才，在企业商务谈判、项目协调、文化交流活动中能发挥桥梁作用，例如担任中资企业驻委代表处联络员、两国文化赛事策划专员等，这类人才在就业市场中竞争力显著高于单一语言或专业背景者。
三、双边政策保驾护航，就业便利度提升
作为全天候战略伙伴，中委已推出多项人才交流与签证便利化政策：委内瑞拉人申请中国工作签证时，凭中资企业邀请函或双边合作项目证明，可享受审批流程简化、办理时限缩短的便利；此外，中国多地设立 “拉美人才服务中心”，提供岗位对接、职业技能培训、住宿咨询等一站式服务，部分城市还为外籍技术人才提供住房补贴、子女教育配套等福利，降低赴华工作的生活成本与适应难度。
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I. Strong demand in key cooperation fields ensures stable job supply
China-Venezuela cooperation in energy, infrastructure, agriculture, and high-tech has formed a mature industrial chain. Chinese enterprises involved in Venezuela's oil development, highway and bridge construction, agricultural technology cooperation projects, as well as domestic enterprises engaged in Sino-Venezuelan trade and cross-border e-commerce, are in urgent need of professionals proficient in Spanish and familiar with the Latin American market. For instance, the energy sector requires petroleum engineering technicians, and cross-border trade needs marketing operation specialists. The positions cover technical, management, and service roles, with clear salary packages and career promotion paths.
II."Bilingual + cross-cultural" talents are favored with prominent competitive advantages
With the deepening of China-Venezuela people-to-people exchanges, "bicultural talents" who are proficient in both Spanish and Chinese and understand the cultures of both countries have become a scarce resource. Venezuelan students studying in China (especially in engineering, economics and trade, and language majors) or local talents with work experience in Chinese enterprises can play a bridging role in corporate business negotiations, project coordination, and cultural exchange activities. For example, they can work as liaisons in the representative offices of Chinese-funded enterprises in Venezuela or planners for cultural events between the two countries. Such talents have significantly higher competitiveness in the job market than those with only a single language or professional background.
III. Bilateral policies provide strong support, continuously improving employment convenience
As all-weather strategic partners, China and Venezuela have launched a number of talent exchange and visa facilitation policies: when applying for a Chinese work visa, Venezuelans can enjoy simplified approval procedures and shortened processing time with an invitation letter from a Chinese-funded enterprise or a certificate of bilateral cooperation projects. In addition, many cities in China have established "Latin American Talent Service Centers" to provide one-stop services such as job matching, vocational skills training, and accommodation consultation. Some cities also offer housing subsidies and children's education support for foreign technical talents, reducing the living costs and adaptation difficulties of working in China.
三、委内瑞拉人来华学习的机会
III. Opportunities for Venezuelan to study in China
一、优质教育资源，奖学金覆盖广
中国拥有 100 余所进入 QS 世界大学排名的高校，在工程技术、中医、汉语国际教育、人工智能等领域形成特色优势 —— 例如清华大学的工科、北京中医药大学的传统医学、北京语言大学的汉语教学，均适合委内瑞拉学生根据兴趣选择。更重要的是，中国针对拉美学子设立多层次奖学金：中国政府奖学金可覆盖学费、住宿费及生活补贴，高校专项奖学金（如 “中委友谊奖学金”）还为优秀学生提供实习、学术交流机会，大幅降低留学经济压力。
二、就业衔接中委合作，人才需求旺盛
随着中委在能源、基建、农业、数字经济等领域的合作持续深化，既懂西班牙语、又掌握专业知识且熟悉中国市场的 “双语复合型人才” 成为稀缺资源。委内瑞拉留学生毕业后，可选择：①留在中国进入中资企业（如能源企业、跨境电商平台）担任区域协调、市场拓展岗位；②回国加入中资企业在委项目（如石油合作、公路建设），或进入委内瑞拉政府涉华部门；③借助中国与拉美国家的贸易网络，从事跨境商贸、文化传播工作，职业发展路径清晰且前景广阔。
三、跨文化体验赋能，个人成长加速度
赴华留学不仅是学业提升，更是跨文化能力的 “修炼”：在华期间，委内瑞拉学生可通过汉语角、中外文化节、志愿服务等活动，深度体验中国传统文化与现代社会活力，同时结识来自全球的同学，构建国际化人脉网络。此外，中国社会环境安全、生活成本低于欧美国家，且多数高校设有 “留学生服务中心”，提供签证延期、住宿安排、心理辅导等一站式支持，帮助学生快速适应生活，在跨文化交流中提升沟通能力、开阔国际视野，为长远发展奠定软实力基础。
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I. Diverse high-quality educational resources and extensive scholarship coverage
China has more than 100 universities ranked in the QS World University Rankings, with distinctive advantages in fields such as engineering technology, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), international Chinese language education, and artificial intelligence. For example, Tsinghua University excels in engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine in TCM, and Beijing Language and Culture University in Chinese language teaching—all offering options for Venezuelan students based on their interests. More importantly, China has established a multi-level scholarship system for Latin American students: the Chinese Government Scholarship covers tuition, accommodation fees, and living allowances, while university-specific scholarships (such as the "China-Venezuela Friendship Scholarship") also provide excellent students with internship and academic exchange opportunities, significantly reducing the economic burden of studying abroad.
II.Employment connects China-Venezuela cooperation, with strong demand for talents
As China-Venezuela cooperation in energy, infrastructure, agriculture, digital economy, and other fields continues to deepen, "bilingual compound talents" who master Spanish, professional knowledge, and are familiar with the Chinese market have become a scarce resource. After graduation, Venezuelan students can choose to: ① Stay in China and join Chinese-funded enterprises (such as energy companies, cross-border e-commerce platforms) in positions like regional coordination and market expansion; ② Return to Venezuela to work in Chinese-funded projects (such as oil cooperation, highway construction) or join Venezuelan government departments related to China; ③ Engage in cross-border trade and cultural communication through China's trade network with Latin American countries, enjoying a clear and promising career development path.
III. Cross-cultural experience empowers, accelerating personal growth
Studying in China is not only about academic improvement but also a "training" for cross-cultural competence. During their stay in China, Venezuelan students can deeply experience Chinese traditional culture and the vitality of modern society through activities such as Chinese corners, Sino-foreign cultural festivals, and volunteer services. At the same time, they can meet classmates from around the world and build an international network. In addition, China has a safe social environment and lower living costs than Europe and the United States. Most universities have established "International Student Service Centers" that provide one-stop support such as visa extension, accommodation arrangement, and psychological counseling, helping students quickly adapt to life. This enables them to improve communication skills and broaden their international perspective through cross-cultural exchanges, laying a solid foundation of soft power for long-term development.
四、签证办理指南
IV. Visa Application Guide
（1）签证类型与基础材料
工作签证（Z签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件（空白签证页≥3页）。
彩色打印的签证申请表（需在线填写并签字，网址：https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/）。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中国雇主出具的邀请函原件或传真件。
单位派遣函。
护照首页复印件。
特殊要求：需提供无犯罪记录证明、学历证明及体检证明（部分使领馆可能要求）。
学习签证（X签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
录取通知书原件及《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》（JW201/202表）。
资金担保证明（如银行存款证明）。
注意事项：申请X1签证（长期学习）需在入境后30日内申办居留证件。
商务签证（M签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中方公司出具的邀请函（需包含经贸活动详情、费用承担方等信息）。
派遣函（需包含申请人信息、职位、出访目的等）。
特殊要求：若非在国籍国申请，需提供合法停留或居留证明。
（2）办理流程
在线填写申请表：登录中国签证在线办理系统（https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/），如实填写并提交申请表。上传符合要求的照片（近期、正面、彩色、免冠）。
递交材料：网上初审通过后，无需预约即可前往中国驻委内瑞拉大使馆或签证申请中心递交护照及材料。
需留存十指指纹（未满14周岁或超过70周岁人员、持外交护照人员等可免采）。
缴费与等待审批：
缴费标准：普通签证费用因签证类型及有效期而异（如Z签证费用约2435元人民币起，含手续费）。
审批时间：普通4个工作日，加急3个工作日（含递交护照当日）。
领取签证：审批通过后，凭取证单及缴费凭证领取护照及签证。
（3）注意事项材料真实性：
所有材料需真实、完整，虚假材料将导致拒签或入境受阻。
邀请函要求：邀请函需明确访问目的、时间、停留期、费用承担方等信息，并由邀请人亲笔签名（电子签名无效）。
生物信息采集：除免采指纹人员外，均需到馆采集指纹。
加急服务：加急费约1000元人民币/人，3个工作日出签。
入境后手续：持Z签证或X1签证入境后，需在30日内向拟居留地公安机关申办居留证件。
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(1) Visa Type and Basic Materials:
Core materials for a work visa (Z visa) :
An original passport valid for more than 6 months (with at least 3 blank visa pages).
Color print visa application form (online fill out and sign, url: https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/).
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original invitation letter issued by the Chinese employer or the fax copy. Unit dispatch letter.
A copy of the first page of the passport.
Special requirements: A certificate of no criminal record, academic qualifications and a physical examination certificate must be provided (some embassies and consulates may require this).
Core materials for the study visa (X visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original admission notice and the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China" (JW201/202 form). Proof of financial guarantee (such as bank deposit certificate).
Note: To apply for the X1 visa (long-term study), a residence permit must be applied for within 30 days after entry.
Core materials for a business visa (M visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The invitation letter issued by the Chinese company (which should include details of the economic and trade activities, the party bearing the costs, etc.).
Dispatch letter (which should include the applicant's information, position, purpose of visit, etc.)
Special requirements: If the application is not made in the country of nationality, a legal proof of stay or residence must be provided.
(2)fill out the application formonline process:
Fill out the online application form: login Chinese visa online conduction system (https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/), truthfully fill out and submit the application form. Upload photos that meet the requirements (recent, frontal, color, and bareheaded).
Submission of materials: After the initial online review is passed, you can go to the Chinese Embassy in Venezuela or the Visa Application Center to submit your passport and materials without making an appointment. Fingerprints of all ten fingers need to be retained (those under 14 years old or over 70 years old, holders of diplomatic passports, etc. are exempt from collection).
Payment and waiting for approval:
Payment standards: The cost of a regular visa varies depending on the visa type and validity period (for example, the cost of a Z visa starts from approximately 2,435 RMB, including handling fees).
Approval time: 4 working days for regular approval and 3 working days for expedited approval (including the day of passport submission).
Visa collection: After approval, collect your passport and visa with the receipt and payment voucher.
(3) Notes the Authenticity of Materials:
All materials must be true and complete. False materials will result in visa rejection or obstruction of entry.
Invitation letter requirements: The invitation letter must clearly state the purpose of the visit, time, duration of stay, and the party bearing the expenses, etc., and be signed by the inviter in person (electronic signatures are invalid).
Biometric information collection: All individuals except those exempted from fingerprint collection are required to come to the library for fingerprint collection.
Express service: The express fee is approximately 1,000 RMB per person, and the visa will be issued within 3 working days.
After entry procedures: After entering the country with a Z visa or X1 visa, you need to apply for a residence permit from the public security organ of the intended place of residence within 30 days.
结语Conclusion
无论是寻求职业突破的职场人士，还是渴望成长的学子，中国都为委内瑞拉朋友提供了多元机遇 —— 工作上有中委合作领域的岗位缺口，留学时有优质资源与奖学金加持，生活中更有完善的服务保障。若你已心动，不妨尽快通过中国驻委内瑞拉使领馆官网、官方认证的签证服务平台，查询最新签证办理指南；也可关注中委人才交流平台或高校国际招生通道，获取岗位对接、院校申请的一手信息。机遇之门已为你敞开，期待在华见证你的精彩！
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Whether you are a professional seeking career breakthroughs or a student eager to grow, China offers diverse opportunities for friends from Venezuela. At work, there are job vacancies in China-Venezuela cooperation fields; for studying, there are high-quality resources and scholarships for support; in daily life, there are comprehensive service guarantees. If you are tempted, feel free to check the latest visa application guidelines through the official website of the Chinese Embassy/Consulate in Venezuela or officially certified visa service platforms as soon as possible. You can also follow China-Venezuela talent exchange platforms or international enrollment channels of Chinese universities to obtain first-hand information on job matching and university applications. The door of opportunity is open for you, and we look forward to witnessing your brilliance in China!
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