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一、中国与阿富汗方友好关系
I.The friendly relations between China and Afghanistan
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天山共脉，丝路同源，中国与阿富汗的友谊早已跨越千年时光，在新时代绽放新光彩。自1955年正式建交以来，两国始终秉持“相互尊重、平等互利”的原则，在风雨中守望相助、携手前行。作为“一带一路”倡议的重要节点国家，阿富汗与中国的合作早已渗透到经济社会的方方面面——中国援建的喀布尔共和国医院为当地民众带去健康希望，中阿经贸合作区助力阿富汗特色农产品走向中国市场，2024年双边贸易额已突破12亿美元；而喀布尔大学孔子学院的朗朗书声，更让“亲仁善邻”的中华智慧与阿富汗“团结则强”的民族理念深度交融。从地震灾害中的紧急救援物资，到新冠疫情时的疫苗援助，再到2024年中方推出的阿富汗公民来华入境便利化措施，每一次携手都彰显着中阿“休戚与共、安危相依”的伙伴情谊，为阿富汗朋友来华逐梦筑牢坚实根基。
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Sharing the Tianshan Mountains and the same origin of the Silk Road, the friendship between China and Afghanistan has long spanned thousands of years and is blooming with new glory in the new era. Since the formal establishment of diplomatic relations in 1955, the two countries have always adhered to the principle of "mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit", standing by each other through thick and thin and moving forward hand in hand. As an important node country of the "Belt and Road" Initiative, Afghanistan's cooperation with China has long penetrated into all aspects of economy and society - the Kabul Republic Hospital aided by China has brought health hope to local people, the China-Afghanistan Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone has helped Afghanistan's characteristic agricultural products enter the Chinese market, and the bilateral trade volume has exceeded 1.2 billion US dollars in 2024; the loud reading voice in the Confucius Institute at Kabul University has made the Chinese wisdom of "being kind to neighbors" deeply integrate with Afghanistan's national concept of "unity makes strength". From emergency relief materials during earthquakes, to vaccine assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic, to the convenient entry measures for Afghan citizens launched by China in 2024, every cooperation highlights the partnership of "sharing weal and woe, and depending on each other for safety" between China and Afghanistan, laying a solid foundation for Afghan friends to pursue their dreams in China.
二、阿富汗人来华工作的机遇
II. Opportunities for Afghan to work in China
在中阿共建“一带一路”的深入推进中，中国企业深度参与阿富汗基础设施重建与经济复苏进程，喀布尔至坎大哈公路升级、赫尔曼德河流域水利工程等重点项目陆续落地，催生出大量工程管理、施工技术、跨境物流、商务洽谈等岗位需求。尤其在农产品贸易领域，阿富汗的开心果、葡萄干等特色产品通过中阿“农品绿色通道”进入中国千家万户，带动跨境电商运营、国际贸易合规、供应链管理等新兴岗位需求激增。熟悉中阿双语、通晓两国市场规则的阿富汗人才，已成为连接双方合作的核心桥梁，在中阿经贸合作的浪潮中迎来广阔发展空间。
二、产业转型遇东风，多元领域展所长
中国产业结构升级与高质量发展，为阿富汗人才提供了多维度就业舞台。在能源合作领域，中阿在太阳能、风能等清洁能源开发方面的合作不断深化，具备相关技术背景的阿富汗工程师在合资企业中拥有重要参与权；数字经济领域，中国互联网企业加速开拓中亚市场，熟悉阿富汗及中亚文化、掌握中文的复合型人才，在跨境数字营销、多语言软件开发等岗位上竞争力突出；在矿产资源开发领域，依托阿富汗丰富的矿产储备与中国先进的开采技术，地质勘探、矿产品加工等岗位急需专业人才，为阿富汗从业者开辟了稳定职业路径。
三、人文交流促融合，文化科教育新机
中阿人文科教领域的深度融合，孕育出大量特色就业机会。孔子学院的持续发展需要更多阿富汗籍汉语教师与文化传播使者，助力中阿语言文化交流走深走实；两国共建的农业技术合作中心、公共卫生合作平台等，为阿富汗科研人员提供了参与中国科研项目的契机，在农作物种植、疾病预防等领域实现技术共享与成果转化；随着中国文旅产业的蓬勃发展，熟悉阿富汗历史文化、精通中文的旅游策划、外事接待人才备受青睐，成为推动中阿人文往来的重要力量，为两国友谊注入鲜活活力。
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I.Silk Road Cooperation Upgraded, Infrastructure and Economic and Trade Build Platforms
In the in-depth advancement of the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" between China and Afghanistan, Chinese enterprises have deeply participated in Afghanistan's infrastructure reconstruction and economic recovery process. Key projects such as the upgrading of the Kabul-Kandahar Highway and the Helmand River Basin Water Conservancy Project have been successively implemented, spawning a large number of job demands in project management, construction technology, cross-border logistics, business negotiations and other fields. Especially in the field of agricultural product trade, Afghanistan's characteristic products such as pistachios and raisins have entered thousands of Chinese households through the China-Afghanistan "Agricultural Product Green Channel", driving a surge in demand for emerging positions such as cross-border e-commerce operation, international trade compliance, and supply chain management. Afghan talents who are familiar with Chinese-Afghan bilingualism and understand the market rules of the two countries have become the core bridge connecting the cooperation between the two sides, and have ushered in a broad development space in the wave of China-Afghanistan economic and trade cooperation.
II.Industrial Transformation Embraces Opportunities, Showing Strength in Diverse Fields
China's industrial structure upgrading and high-quality development have provided a multi-dimensional employment stage for Afghan talents. In the field of energy cooperation, the cooperation between China and Afghanistan in the development of clean energy such as solar energy and wind energy has been continuously deepened, and Afghan engineers with relevant technical backgrounds have important participation rights in joint ventures; in the field of digital economy, Chinese Internet companies are accelerating their exploration of the Central Asian market, and compound talents who are familiar with Afghan and Central Asian cultures and master Chinese have outstanding competitiveness in positions such as cross-border digital marketing and multilingual software development; in the field of mineral resources development, relying on Afghanistan's rich mineral reserves and China's advanced mining technology, positions such as geological exploration and mineral product processing are in urgent need of professional talents, opening up a stable career path for Afghan practitioners.
III.People-to-People Exchanges Promote Integration, Culture, Science and Education Cultivate New Opportunities
The in-depth integration of China and Afghanistan in the fields of culture, science and education has nurtured a large number of characteristic employment opportunities. The continuous development of Confucius Institutes requires more Afghan-born Chinese teachers and cultural communicators to promote in-depth language and cultural exchanges between China and Afghanistan; the agricultural technology cooperation centers and public health cooperation platforms co-built by the two countries provide Afghan researchers with the opportunity to participate in Chinese scientific research projects, realizing technology sharing and achievement transformation in fields such as crop cultivation and disease prevention; with the vigorous development of China's cultural and tourism industry, tourism planning and foreign affairs reception talents who are familiar with Afghan history and culture and proficient in Chinese are highly favored, becoming an important force in promoting people-to-people exchanges between China and Afghanistan and injecting fresh vitality into the friendship between the two countries.
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三、阿富汗人来华学习的机会
III. Opportunities for Afghan to study in China
一、顶尖教育资源护航，专业选择丰富多元
中国已建成世界上规模最大的高等教育体系，137所高校跻身QS世界大学排名，在人工智能、高铁技术、中医药、新能源等领域形成全球领先的学科优势。对于阿富汗学子而言，既可以申请清华大学、北京大学等顶尖学府的哲学、历史学等基础学科，深耕理论研究；也能选择哈尔滨工业大学、西安交通大学的工科专业，参与国家级重大科研项目；更可依托中阿传统医学合作基础，就读北京中医药大学、上海中医药大学等院校，探索民族医药与中医药融合发展的新路径。值得一提的是，中国针对阿富汗学生设立了“中国政府奖学金”“中阿友谊奖学金”等专项资助，覆盖学费、住宿费及生活补贴，大幅降低留学经济压力，让优质教育资源触手可及。
二、跨文化体验赋能，全球视野全面塑造
来华留学的核心价值，不仅在于知识积累，更在于跨文化能力的培养与全球视野的塑造。中国高校普遍开设“中国文化概论”“汉语国际教育”等特色课程，阿富汗学子可在西安兵马俑前触摸千年文明，在敦煌莫高窟中感悟艺术瑰宝，在云南少数民族村寨里体验多元文化魅力。依托“中阿青年交流周”“丝绸之路青年论坛”等活动平台，学子们还能与中国及沿线国家的青年精英面对面交流，碰撞思想火花。这种“沉浸式”的文化体验，将让阿富汗学子成为中阿文化互鉴的青年使者，而熟练掌握中文这一全球使用人数最多的语言，更将成为他们未来发展的核心竞争力，在国际舞台上占据独特优势。
三、合作红利持续释放，就业前景一片光明
中阿在“一带一路”框架下的合作日益紧密，从基础设施建设到能源开发，从农产品贸易到文化交流，大量合作项目亟需既懂专业知识、又熟悉两国语言文化的复合型人才。来华留学的阿富汗学子，毕业后可凭借“中国学历+中文能力+专业素养”的三重优势，在中资企业驻阿富汗分支机构、阿富汗对华合作机构中谋求优质岗位，深度参与中阿合作项目的推进与落地。同时，中国持续扩大对外开放，在华外资企业、跨国公司对熟悉中亚市场与中国国情的人才需求旺盛，阿富汗学子无论是选择留在中国发展，还是回国投身双边合作事业，都将拥有广阔的职业舞台与无限可能。
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I.Top Educational Resources Escort, Diverse Professional Choices
China has built the largest higher education system in the world, with 137 universities ranking in the QS World University Rankings, forming globally leading disciplinary advantages in fields such as artificial intelligence, high-speed rail technology, traditional Chinese medicine, and new energy. For Afghan students, they can not only apply for basic disciplines such as philosophy and history in top universities such as Tsinghua University and Peking University to delve into theoretical research, but also choose engineering majors in Harbin Institute of Technology and Xi'an Jiaotong University to participate in major national scientific research projects; moreover, relying on the foundation of China-Afghanistan traditional medicine cooperation, they can study in institutions such as Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine to explore a new path for the integrated development of national medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. It is worth mentioning that China has established special funding such as the "Chinese Government Scholarship" and "China-Afghanistan Friendship Scholarship" for Afghan students, covering tuition fees, accommodation fees and living subsidies, which greatly reduces the economic pressure of studying abroad and makes high-quality educational resources accessible.
II.Cross-Cultural Experience Empowers, Comprehensive Shaping of Global Vision
The core value of studying in China lies not only in knowledge accumulation, but also in the cultivation of cross-cultural competence and the shaping of global vision. Chinese universities generally offer characteristic courses such as "Introduction to Chinese Culture" and "International Chinese Education". Afghan students can touch the thousand-year-old civilization in front of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Xi'an, appreciate the artistic treasures in the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, and experience the charm of diverse cultures in the ethnic minority villages in Yunnan. Relying on activity platforms such as the "China-Afghanistan Youth Exchange Week" and "Silk Road Youth Forum", students can also communicate face-to-face with young elites from China and countries along the route, sparking ideological sparks. This "immersive" cultural experience will make Afghan students young envoys of cultural mutual learning between China and Afghanistan, and proficiency in Chinese, the most widely used language in the world, will become their core competitiveness for future development, giving them a unique advantage on the international stage.
III.Cooperation Dividends Continue to Be Released, Bright Employment Prospects
Cooperation between China and Afghanistan under the framework of the "Belt and Road" is becoming increasingly close. From infrastructure construction to energy development, from agricultural product trade to cultural exchanges, a large number of cooperation projects are in urgent need of compound talents who have professional knowledge and are familiar with the languages and cultures of the two countries. Afghan students studying in China can, with the triple advantages of "Chinese academic credentials + Chinese language proficiency + professional quality", seek high-quality positions in the Afghan branches of Chinese-funded enterprises and Afghan institutions cooperating with China, and deeply participate in the promotion and implementation of China-Afghanistan cooperation projects. At the same time, China continues to expand its opening up, and foreign-funded enterprises and multinational corporations in China have a strong demand for talents who are familiar with the Central Asian market and China's national conditions. Whether Afghan students choose to develop in China or return to their country to engage in bilateral cooperation, they will have a broad professional stage and infinite possibilities.
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四、签证办理指南
IV. Visa Application Guide
（1）签证类型与基础材料
工作签证（Z签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件（空白签证页≥3页）。
彩色打印的签证申请表（需在线填写并签字，网址：https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/）。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中国雇主出具的邀请函原件或传真件。
单位派遣函。
护照首页复印件。
特殊要求：需提供无犯罪记录证明、学历证明及体检证明（部分使领馆可能要求）。
学习签证（X签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
录取通知书原件及《外国留学人员来华签证申请表》（JW201/202表）。
资金担保证明（如银行存款证明）。
注意事项：申请X1签证（长期学习）需在入境后30日内申办居留证件。
商务签证（M签证）
核心材料：
有效期6个月以上的护照原件。
彩色打印的签证申请表。
6个月内白底2寸彩照2张。
中方公司出具的邀请函（需包含经贸活动详情、费用承担方等信息）。
派遣函（需包含申请人信息、职位、出访目的等）。
特殊要求：若非在国籍国申请，需提供合法停留或居留证明。
（2）办理流程
在线填写申请表：登录中国签证在线办理系统（https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/），如实填写并提交申请表。上传符合要求的照片（近期、正面、彩色、免冠）。
递交材料：网上初审通过后，无需预约即可前往中国驻阿富汗大使馆或签证申请中心递交护照及材料。
需留存十指指纹（未满14周岁或超过70周岁人员、持外交护照人员等可免采）。
缴费与等待审批：
缴费标准：普通签证费用因签证类型及有效期而异（如Z签证费用约2435元人民币起，含手续费）。
审批时间：普通4个工作日，加急3个工作日（含递交护照当日）。
领取签证：审批通过后，凭取证单及缴费凭证领取护照及签证。
（3）注意事项材料真实性：
所有材料需真实、完整，虚假材料将导致拒签或入境受阻。
邀请函要求：邀请函需明确访问目的、时间、停留期、费用承担方等信息，并由邀请人亲笔签名（电子签名无效）。
生物信息采集：除免采指纹人员外，均需到馆采集指纹。
加急服务：加急费约1000元人民币/人，3个工作日出签。
入境后手续：持Z签证或X1签证入境后，需在30日内向拟居留地公安机关申办居留证件。
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(1) Visa Type and Basic Materials:
Core materials for a work visa (Z visa) :
An original passport valid for more than 6 months (with at least 3 blank visa pages).
Color print visa application form (online fill out and sign, url: https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/).
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original invitation letter issued by the Chinese employer or the fax copy. Unit dispatch letter.
A copy of the first page of the passport.
Special requirements: A certificate of no criminal record, academic qualifications and a physical examination certificate must be provided (some embassies and consulates may require this).
Core materials for the study visa (X visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The original admission notice and the "Visa Application Form for Foreign Students to Study in China" (JW201/202 form). Proof of financial guarantee (such as bank deposit certificate).
Note: To apply for the X1 visa (long-term study), a residence permit must be applied for within 30 days after entry.
Core materials for a business visa (M visa) :
An original passport valid for more than six months.
The visa application form printed in color.
Two 2-inch color photos with a white background taken within six months.
The invitation letter issued by the Chinese company (which should include details of the economic and trade activities, the party bearing the costs, etc.).
Dispatch letter (which should include the applicant's information, position, purpose of visit, etc.)
Special requirements: If the application is not made in the country of nationality, a legal proof of stay or residence must be provided.
(2)fill out the application formonline process:
Fill out the online application form: login Chinese visa online conduction system (https://consular.mfa.gov.cn/VISA/), truthfully fill out and submit the application form. Upload photos that meet the requirements (recent, frontal, color, and bareheaded).
Submission of materials: After the initial online review is passed, you can go to the Chinese Embassy in Afghanistan or the Visa Application Center to submit your passport and materials without making an appointment. Fingerprints of all ten fingers need to be retained (those under 14 years old or over 70 years old, holders of diplomatic passports, etc. are exempt from collection).
Payment and waiting for approval:
Payment standards: The cost of a regular visa varies depending on the visa type and validity period (for example, the cost of a Z visa starts from approximately 2,435 RMB, including handling fees).
Approval time: 4 working days for regular approval and 3 working days for expedited approval (including the day of passport submission).
Visa collection: After approval, collect your passport and visa with the receipt and payment voucher.
(3) Notes the Authenticity of Materials:
All materials must be true and complete. False materials will result in visa rejection or obstruction of entry.
Invitation letter requirements: The invitation letter must clearly state the purpose of the visit, time, duration of stay, and the party bearing the expenses, etc., and be signed by the inviter in person (electronic signatures are invalid).
Biometric information collection: All individuals except those exempted from fingerprint collection are required to come to the library for fingerprint collection.
Express service: The express fee is approximately 1,000 RMB per person, and the visa will be issued within 3 working days.
After entry procedures: After entering the country with a Z visa or X1 visa, you need to apply for a residence permit from the public security organ of the intended place of residence within 30 days.
结语Conclusion
兴都库什的坚韧与华夏的包容在此相拥，七十载的友谊之约，早已化为阿富汗朋友来华逐梦的坚实阶梯。无论是投身“一带一路”的建设浪潮，在产业升级的赛道上崭露头角；还是漫步中国高校的林荫道，在知识的殿堂中汲取养分，来华工作与留学的每一步，都是跨越山海的成长，更是双向奔赴的共赢。我们已为你梳理机遇脉络，下一期的签证办理全指南，将是助你启航的关键密钥。愿这份跨越国界的联结，让你的东方梦想落地生根，让中阿的友谊在携手前行中愈发深厚。
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The tenacity of the Hindu Kush and the tolerance of China embrace here. The 70-year friendship agreement has long become a solid ladder for Afghan friends to pursue their dreams in China. Whether you are joining the wave of the "Belt and Road" construction and making your mark on the track of industrial upgrading, or wandering along the tree-lined paths of Chinese universities and absorbing nutrients in the palace of knowledge, every step of working and studying in China is a growth across mountains and seas, and even more a win-win situation of mutual commitment. We have sorted out the opportunity context for you, and the complete visa application guide in the next issue will be the key to helping you set sail. May this cross-border connection take root for your oriental dream, and make the friendship between China and Afghanistan deeper in the joint journey.
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