转自“上海stem云中心”
In report after report, government panels, business groups, and educators have sounded the alarm about the state of training in science, technology, engineering, and math. STEM, they conclude, serves as a gateway to higher-paying jobs and is an important linchpin to a growing economy, and therefore, K-12 education in thosefields must be improved.
在一份又一份的报告中，政府小组、商业团体和教育工作者对科学、技术、工程和数学的培训状况发出了警报。他们得出结论，STEM是通往高薪工作的途径，是经济增长的关键，因此，这些领域的K-12教育必须得到改善。
In this vast echo chamber, it can be hard to separate fact from fiction. So EducationWeek reviewed dozens of research studies and interviewed experts on the challenge. The staff found that the conventional wisdom is generally correct—jobs in STEM are in demand and tend to be more highly paid—but the picture of the STEM pipeline is more nuanced than many of these predictions suggest.
在这个巨大的领域里，很难区分事实和虚构。因此，《教育周刊》回顾了数十项研究，并就这一挑战采访了专家。员工们发现，总的来说，传统的看法是正确的——STEM领域的工作供不应求，而且往往报酬丰厚——但STEM领域的前景比许多预测所显示的更为微妙。
For starters,there is a lack of precision in defining the careers that fall under the STEM heading, Education Week found. And there are holes in the research base on what K-12 officials can use to boost the number of students who specialize in STEM in college and go on to related jobs in the workforce.
首先，教育周发现，在对属于STEM职业定义时，缺乏精确的定义。在研究基础上，负责K-12教育的官员利用什么来增加在大学专攻STEM的学生数量，并在劳动力中从事相关工作，这方面存在一些漏洞。
Read on for answers to some commonly asked questions on the STEM pipeline.
请阅读有关STEM领域的一些常见问题的答案。
What do we mean by STEM and the STEM workforce, anyway?
我们所说的STEM和STEM劳动力是什么意思呢?
his is at the heart of the challenge. Most online sources say the term "STEM" was coined by a National Science Foundation official in the early 2000s, although some educators claim to have been using the term before then.
这是具有挑战性的核心。尽管一些教育家声称在此之前使用过这个术语，但大多数在线消息称，“STEM”一词是由美国国家科学基金会的一位官员在21世纪初创造的。
The important thing to know is that there is no standard definition for what constitutes a STEM career. And that complicates questions about labor-market data.
重要的是要知道，对于什么是STEM职业没有标准的定义。这就使劳动力市场数据的问题复杂化了。
All definitions of STEM careers include those related to the core fields: engineers, physical and life scientists, mathematicians, and computer and information scientists. But even federal agencies disagree about whether to include other careers.
所有关于STEM职业的定义都包括与核心领域相关的工作:工程师、物理和生命科学家、数学家、计算机和信息科学家。但即使是联邦机构也不确定是否包括其他职业。
For example, the NSF counted social scientists in its most recent analyses of STEM careers but left out science and engineering managers, actuaries, and architects, among others, whilethe U.S. Department of Commerce did exactly the inverse.
例如，美国国家科学基金会(NSF)在对STEM职业的最新分析中统计了社会科学家，但排除了科学和工程经理、精算师和建筑师等，而美国商务部则是恰恰相反。
Hence, estimates of the size of the workforce vary. The Commerce Department concluded that 9 million people worked in STEM jobs in 2015, while the NSF put the number at 6.7million people that same year.
因此，对劳动力规模的评估各不相同。美国商务部的结论是，2015年有900万人从事STEM行业，而美国国家科学基金会(NSF)的数据显示，这一数字为670万人。
Many millions work in other related fields that typically require STEM knowledge and usually a bachelor's degree, though not necessarily one in a STEM field. The NSF concluded that another 19.4 million people were in these "STEM-related" jobs, including those working in health care, as technicians, and as K-12 science and math teachers.
在其他相关领域，数百万人从事的工作通常需要STEM知识，通常需要学士学位，但不一定是属于STEM领域。国家科学基金会得出的结论是，还有1940万人从事这些与“STEM相关”的工作，包括那些在医疗保健部门工作的人、技术人员以及K-12的科学和数学教师。
关注Leading科技
获得更多资讯