在接下来的十年中，航运业将受到各种各样的航运规则影响。这些规则旨在确保航运业的环保、节能、安全和可靠。虽然有些人认为这些新的规则要求对于利益相关者增加了不受欢迎的额外负担，但是另一些人则认为这些规则要求对于确保一个公平的竞争环境是至关重要的。无论如何，新的规则将为那些有准备的人创造新的机会，对于那些没有准备的人带来的将是更多的实践操作风险。以下我们主要总结了一些将在未来几年内生效的重要航运规则及修正案。
Over the next decade, the shipping industry will be impacted by a wide array of shipping regulations. These regulations aim to ensure that this vital sector is environmentally sound, energy efficient, safe and secure. While some believe that these new requirements add an unwelcome additional burden on stakeholders, others believe they are vital to ensure a level and competitive playing field. Either way the new regulations will create new opportunities for those who are prepared; and operational risks for those who are not. Our timeline highlights some of the key regulatory amendments which will come into effect in the coming years.
2017年1月1日: 所有核心港口靠岸停泊的船舶都强制要求使用硫含量不超过0.5%的燃油（中国）
· 扩大0.5%的硫含量上限要求，适用于国内三大排放控制区(ECAs)核心港口内的所有船舶
· 所有船舶必须在靠泊后1小时至离港前1小时改为使用低硫燃油
· 现在该限制扩展到中国的11个主要港口（深圳，广州，珠海，上海，宁波-舟山，苏州，南通，天津，秦皇岛，唐山和黄骅）
1 January 2017: Mandatory at-berth sulphur limit of 0.5% applicable to all core ports (CHINA)
• Expansion of the 0.5% sulphur limit, which applies to all ships within three domestic emission control areas (ECAs)
• All vessels must change to low-sulphur fuel oil 1 hour after berthing to 1 hour before departure
• This limit is now extended to the 11 key ports in China (Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Shanghai, Ningbo-Zhoushan, Suzhou,Nantong, Tianjin, Qinhuangdao,Tangshan and Huanghua)
2017年1月1日：极地水域船舶作业国际规则（“极地规则 ”），SOLAS与MARPOL相关强制修正案正式生效
· 新规则专注于在极地水域航行的船舶
· 制定了适用于在极地水域作业船舶的关于设计、建造、设备、操作、培训和环境保护事项 的强制性标准。需要相关的证明文件。
· 适用于在2017年1月1日后新建造的船舶
· 在2017年1月1日前建造的船舶需要在2018年1月1日之后的首次中期检验或换证检验时（以较早发生者为准）满足相关要求
1 January 2017: The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (the “Polar Code”) and amendments mandatory under SOLAS and MARPOL enters into force
• New regulation focused on ships navigating in polar waters
• Sets out mandatory standards that cover design, construction, equipment, operational and training and environmental protection matters that apply to ships operating in the polar waters. Certification required.
• Applies to new ships constructed after 1 January 2017
• Ships constructed before 1 January 2017 will be required to meet the relevant requirements by the first intermediate or renewal survey whichever occurs first, after 1 January 2018
2017年1月1日：IMSBC 规则（国际海运固体散装货物规则）的修正案
· 要求船员对于内部安装传送带系统的船舶的货物作业区域进行定期的船上操作性火灾安全风险评估；火灾安全风险评估的时间间隔须由公司在船舶安全管理体系（SMS）中加以规定
· 关于精矿和可液化货物、为限制货物移动而特别建造的货船、以及铁矿粉单独明细表等规定
1 January 2017: Amendments to IMSBC Code (International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code)
• To require ship’s crew to conduct regular on board operational fire safety risk assessments of cargo handling areas with internally installed conveyor systems; timing to be defined by the Company in the SMS of the ship
• Provisions for concentrates and cargoes which may liquefy, for specifically constructed cargo ships for confining cargo shift, individual schedules such as iron ore fines etc
2017年1月18日：2006年海事劳工公约的2014年修正案正式生效
· 要求船东对于船员被抛弃，以及因船员死亡和长期残疾而提出的索赔进行强制投保
· 另外还要求财政担保证明或其他关于财政担保的书面证据必须由由船东的财政担保提供者开具，并且船上必须持有该证明或书面证据
18 January 2017: 2014 Amendments to the Maritime Labour Convention 2006 enters into force
• Requires ship owners to have compulsory insurance to cover abandonment of seafarers as well as claims for death and long-term disability of seafarers
• Also requires that a certificate or other documentary evidence of financial security has to be issued by the financial security provider of the ship owner and must be carried on board
2017年9月8日：船舶压载水及沉积物控制和管理国际公约（“BWM”）正式生效
· 所有从事国际航行的船舶必须根据船舶特定的压载水管理计划将压载水及沉积物控制到一定标准
· 所有船舶必须备有压载水记录簿和国际压载水管理证书
· BWM分为正文部分和附则部分，附则部分涵盖船舶压载水和沉积物控制和管理规则的技术标准和要求
8 September 2017: International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (“BWM”) enters into force
• All ships in international traffic are required to manage their ballast water and sediments to a certain curtained, according to a ship-specific ballast water management plan
• All ships must carry a ballast water record book and an international ballast water management certificate
• The BWM is divided up into articles and an annex which contains technical standards and requirements in the Regulations for the control and management of ships’ ballast water and sediments
2018年1月1日正式生效：珠江三角洲、长江三角洲和环渤海水域全部港口靠岸停泊的船舶都强制要求使用硫含量不超过0.5%的燃油（中国）
· 扩大0.5%的硫含量上限要求，适用于排放控制区(ECAs)内的所有港口
1 January 2018 into force: Mandatory at-berth sulphur limit of 0.5% applicable to all ports in Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River and Bohai Seas (CHINA)
• The 0.5% sulphur limit at-berth requirement will extend to all ports located within the ECAs
2012年7月1日 – 2018年7月1日：逐步实施SOLAS V/19 – 航行安全 – 电子海图显示和信息系统（ECDIS）
· 所有在2012年至2018年期间建造的不同型号和规模的船舶强制安装电子海图显示和信息系统（ECDIS）
· 根据船舶的建造时间，对于不同型号和规模的船舶逐步实施SOLAS V/19的要求
1 July 2012 – 1 July 2018: Gradual implementation of SOLAS V/19 – Safety of Navigation – ECDIS
• Mandatory Electronic Chart Display and Information (ECDIS) for different ship types and sized constructed in the period 2012 to 2018
• Gradual implementation for different ship types and sizes based on construction date
2018年3月1日：关于MARPOL附则VI第4章的修正案 正式生效
· 新增了一项关于收集和报告船舶燃油消耗数据的第22A条规则
· 5,000总吨及以上的船舶需要收集所用各类燃油的消耗数据，以及其他数据（包括用于运输工作的代用物）
· 新增附录包涵了需要向 IMO船舶燃油消耗数据库提交的信息，以及符合声明的格式
1 March 2018: Amendments to Chapter 4 of Annex VI of MARPOL enters into force
• Adds a new Regulation 22A on the collection and reporting of ship fuel oil consumption data
• Ships of 5,000 gt and above will have to collect consumption data for each type of fuel oil they use as well as other data including proxies for transport work
• A new appendices is also provided to cover information submitted to the IMO Ship Fuel Oil Consumption database and form of the Statement of Compliance
2020年1月1日：关于MARPOL附则VI的修正案 – 航运燃料中的硫含量上限全球标准由3.5% m/m改为0.5%
· 新的上限将原先的全球硫含量限制从3.5% m/m降为0.5% m/m
· 适用于主机、辅机以及锅炉使用的全部燃料
· 新的全球硫含量上限将不会影响在排放控制区(“ECAs”)内现行的SOx排放上限，比如波罗的海和北海地区（0.10%）
1 January 2020: Amendment to Annex VI of MARPOL – Global cap on sulphur content in shipping fuel from 3.5% mass/mass (m/m) to 0.5%
• New cap decreases the original global limit from 3.5% m/m to 0.5% m/m
• Applies to all fuel used in main and auxiliary engines as well as boilers
• The new global cap will NOT affect the emission cap already in the SOx Emission Control Areas (“ECAs”) such as the Baltic Sea and the North Sea areas (at 0.10%)
2019年1月1日：在排放控制区作业时必须使用硫含量不超过0.5%的的燃油 （中国）
· 任何的燃料转换操作必须在船舶进入排放控制区前完成，或在离开排放控制区后开始
1 January 2019: Mandatory at-berth sulphur limit of 0.5% while operating within the ECAs (CHINA)
• Any fuel change over operation must be completed prior to entry into or commenced after exit from an ECA
2020年1月1日：所有在2016年1月1日至2018年6月30日期间制定的关于1974年SOLAS公约的修正案将正式生效
· MSC在第93届会议上通过了关于1974年SOLAS公约修正案以及相关强制性规则的生效指南，即每四年生效一次
· 第一个四年周期为2016年到2020年
1 January 2020: All amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention made from 1 January 2016 – 30 June 2018 will enter into force
• MSC adopted at its 93rd session Guidance on entry into force of amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention and related mandatory instructions resulting in a four-year cycle for the entry into force of amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention and related mandatory instructions
• First four-year cycle (2016 –2020)
2024年1月1日：在2018年7月1日后制定的关于1974年SOLAS公约修正案将生效
· 第二个四年周期
· 不适用四年生效周期的修正案只有在特殊情况下才会被允许
· 任何在2014年或2015年通过的修正案的生效时间将由MSC商议确定
1 January 2024: Amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention made after 1 July 2018 will enter into force
• Second four year cycle
• Amendments outside a four-year entry into force interval should only be allowed under exceptional circumstances
• Any amendment adopted in 2014 or 2015 enters into force on a date as may be agreed by MSC
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