警惕尼日利亚“预付款”诈骗:外贸人必知的防骗指南
识别高风险订单背后的骗局套路,守护企业资金安全
这是Marie外贸员日常的第539篇原创文章。
近日,某外贸交流群中一位新人分享了一张PI截图,称收到尼日利亚客户5个高柜的大单,并即将支付30%定金,仅需先支付1800美元“合同备案费”。群内资深从业者迅速指出:此为典型预付款诈骗。
此类以尼日利亚为代表的西非国家“预付款”骗局屡见不鲜,虽非地域歧视,但该区域已成为此类诈骗的高发地,手法高度雷同,需引起高度警惕。
骗局的典型特征
1. 订单金额巨大,极具诱惑性
骗子通常以政府项目、大型采购为由,提出数个高柜或数十万至上百万美元的订单需求,利用外贸行业“僧多粥少”的现状,激发业务员的成交欲望。
示例话术:“Dear Marie, We are interested in your [product name]. This is for a government tender project in Nigeria. Please quote us for 5x40'HQ containers. This is an urgent project.”。
2. 询盘信息专业,降低警惕
- 伪造公司网站,包含完整公司介绍、产品图(多为盗用)及联系方式;
- 冒充采购经理、项目负责人等职位,甚至伪造政府文件与公章;
- 沟通中对产品细节不深究,迅速推进签约流程,表现出异常爽快。
3. 付款方式“合理”,制造信任假象
承诺30% T/T定金+70%见提单复印件付款,完全符合常规交易模式,进一步强化“优质客户”印象。
骗局的核心套路:图穷匕见
在PI签署后,对方会声称因属“政府/联合国项目”,合同需在当地机构注册、公证或备案,相关费用须由出口方承担。
常见费用名目包括:
- 合同注册费 (Contract Registration Fee)
- 律师公证费 (Lawyer/Notary Attestation Fee)
- 反恐认证费 (Anti-Terrorism Certificate Fee)
- 石油化工项目许可证 (NUPRC/DPR Permit Fee)
- 税务清关码 (Tax Clearance Code Fee)
金额通常设定在1000至5000美元之间,既不会过高引发警觉,又能骗取可观收益。骗子会提供伪造的官方文件和联系方式,构建看似合理的逻辑闭环:“我们即将支付数万美金定金,怎会骗取你一两千?”。
一旦付款,结局通常是:客户失联,或继续索要更多“附加费用”,最终导致订单落空、资金损失。
2025年诈骗频发的三大原因
1. 全球经济下行,订单竞争加剧
外贸市场持续内卷,业务员对大单渴望强烈,易产生“订单饥渴症”,从而放松风险审查。
2. 信息闭塞,新人经验不足
部分SOHO或小型企业员工缺乏系统培训,不了解行业常见骗局,难以识别专业伪装。
3. 骗术升级,更具迷惑性
诈骗者利用AI生成文件、搭建钓鱼网站、伪造LinkedIn履历,提升专业形象,增强欺骗性。
防范建议
- 建立客户风险审查机制,对高风险地区大额订单实施管理层复核制度;
- 保持理性,拒绝“天上掉馅饼”式交易,坚守合规盈利原则;
- 积极参与行业交流,学习防骗经验,提升识别能力。
应对话术参考
1. 试探核实阶段
话术模板一(索取公司资质):“Thank you for your interest. To proceed with creating your company profile in our system, could you please provide us with a copy of your company registration certificate and your company's official website for our records? This is a standard procedure for all new clients.”。
话术模板二(提议视频会议):“To better understand your project needs and build a stronger business relationship, I would like to schedule a brief video conference with you and your team. Would you be available sometime this week via Zoom or Teams?”。
2. 回应付款要求
话术模板三(引用国际贸易惯例):“Regarding the [Fee Name, e.g., Contract Registration Fee], according to standard international trade practices (Incoterms), all costs and formalities related to import in the destination country are the responsibility of the importer (the buyer). Our quotation is based on FOB/CIF terms, and our responsibility ends once the goods are shipped. We are not authorized to pay any fees on the buyer's side.”。
外贸防骗话术指南:三步识别并应对买家付款陷阱
专业应对“先付费用”骗局,保护企业资金安全
在外贸业务中,若买方在未支付定金前要求卖家先行支付关税、清关费或预付款等费用,极有可能是诈骗行为。对此,需通过专业话术冷静应对,识别对方真实意图。
第一层:澄清责任归属(Clarify Responsibility)
"According to INCOTERMS 2020 under FOB terms, all import-related fees, including customs duties and handling charges, are the buyer's responsibility. We kindly suggest you confirm this with your freight forwarder or customs agent."
解析:引用国际通用贸易术语(INCOTERMS),明确费用承担方,避免责任模糊。正规客户通常了解贸易规则,而骗子则往往借此暴露破绽。
第二层:提出替代方案(釜底抽薪)
"We understand that this fee is required by your government. To show our sincerity and facilitate the process, we propose a solution: You can deduct this [e.g., $1800] fee from the 30% advance deposit. For instance, if the deposit is $50,000, you can pay us $48,200, and handle the $1800 fee locally yourself. Please send us the revised payment slip. We believe this is the most efficient way."
解析:此方案既能体现合作诚意,又可切断骗子牟利路径。若对方拒绝此合理提议,甚至情绪激动或失联,则基本可判定为诈骗。
第三层:优雅终止对话(Polite Termination)
一旦确认对方为骗子,应果断终止沟通:
"Thank you for the detailed explanation. However, our company has a very strict financial policy that prohibits any form of upfront payment to the buyer's side before receiving a deposit. Unfortunately, we are unable to comply with this request. We appreciate the opportunity and wish you success with your project."
解析:将拒绝理由归于“公司财务政策”,既保持专业形象,又不留纠缠余地。随后应立即拉黑并删除相关联系信息。
Marie外贸防骗三原则
- 凡未收定金即要求卖家先行付款的,一律视为诈骗
- 订单金额异常巨大、谈判过程异常顺利的,一律高度警惕
- 仅使用免费邮箱、拒绝视频沟通、无法提供有效公司证明的,一律重点核查
外贸是一场对专业与心理的双重考验。我们不仅要精通产品与谈判,更要具备风险识别能力。每一分收入都来之不易,务必严守资金安全底线,避免落入“先付款”类诈骗陷阱。

