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迪拜有轨电车如何确保最高安全标准
精密的摄像头系统是保障迪拜有轨电车安全的多层次系统的一部分
迪拜：超过800个摄像头监控着迪拜有轨电车的运行，包括车站监控、车内监控、轨迹监控和电车站内监控。
精密的摄像头系统是多层次安全保障系统的一个部分，也使得迪拜有轨电车成为世界上最安全的有轨电车之一。
Gulf News有幸参观探访了Al Sufouh的有轨电车车站，得以瞥见让电车每天运营起来的背后努力。
安全系统的其中一项便是对有轨电车司机的酒精测试，除了一些其他的技术，紧急刹车系统和驾驶安全按钮确保了驾驶员注意力的持续集中。
铁路运行部门主任Mohammad Yousuf Al Mudharreb在道路交通局说道：“有轨电车系统由Al Sufouh电车站的运行控制中心辛勤的员工们进行24小时监控。所使用的是三个层次的监管控制系统，主要由首席监控员承担监控工作，安全监控员和服务监控员能够直接和驾驶员以及地勤人员接触，与紧急安全团队进行协调对接。
三位监管员在运行控制中心通过大屏幕对电车的运行进行24小时的监控。监控能够转播电车每时每刻的运动过程。
Al Mudharreb说道：“800多个摄像头转播的画面在大屏幕上同时呈现出来，通过一系列的系统，大屏幕上会指示出电车的运动和时刻表，显示出电车是否准时到达，还是提前或是推后到达。我们就能对电车的运行进行不间断的地毯式监控。
实际上，电车在出站前安全机制就已经开始运行了。
“电车是靠驾驶员运行的系统，不像地铁，是无人驾驶系统。所以，为了确保最高安全，在电车驾驶员拿到钥匙启动电车之前，每个驾驶员必须通过一个手拿式酒精测试仪进行测试，它可以测量出即便很少的酒精含量。”Al Mudharreb说道。
只要经过酒精测试，驾驶员就可以掌控电车了。但是真正的测试在他开动电车之后才开始，经常按动一个按钮表示驾驶员是集中注意力的。
“驾驶员通过一个控制杆控制电车的运行。操作杆上有驾驶安全按钮，驾驶员每3-5秒就必须按一次。这个按钮确保让驾驶员时时刻刻保持清醒。如果驾驶员失去控制或者忘记按这个按钮，电车会立即完全停下来。这是为了确保电车乘坐者和其他道路使用者的最高安全而设定的。”他说道。
另一个重要的安全系统是紧急刹车系统。当电车遇到障碍物比如说一辆车、一个物体或者是一个行人时，电车会自动刹车。
有趣的是，电车大部分运行的监控在任何时候都只靠三个人来完成。
全程10.6公里的有轨电车线路有11个站台和11辆电车，有80多名专业驾驶员轮流驾驶。
“80多名驾驶员当中有8名是阿联酋人，但不是所有的驾驶员都定期驾驶电车，因为他们有的还要当教练，有的在一些其他的职位上。”Al Mudharreb 说道，他也是一名专业的电车驾驶员。
电车一星期运行六天，每天从上午6:30到第二天凌晨1:30。星期五的运营时间为上午9:30至凌晨1:30。电车的班次分为两个不同的时间间隔。Al Sufouh 区的电车每12分钟一趟，Dubai Marina区和朱美拉海滩居民区每6分钟一班，走环绕线路。
How Dubai Tram ensures top safety standards
Sophisticated camera system is part of the multi-layered system ensuring safety of Dubai Tram
(From Gulfnews)
Dubai: More than 800 cameras monitor the Dubai Tram operations, keeping an eye on the stations, inside the trams and on the tracks as well as inside the depot.
The sophisticated cameras are part of the multi-layered safety and security system that makes Dubai Tram one of the safest in the world.
Gulf News was given exclusive access to the Al Sufouh Tram Depot, offering a peek into what it takes to run the trams daily.
Among the safety systems used is the alcohol detector for tram drivers, the dead-man’s switch that ensures the driver is paying attention continuously as well as the emergency braking system, apart from a series of other technologies.
“The tram system is monitored 24/7 by dedicated staff from the Operation Control Centre (OCC) at Al Sufouh Depot. There is a three-layered operation control, which is undertaken by the Chief Controller, the Security Controller and the Service Controller, who are directly in touch with the driver and the ground staff as well as coordinating with emergency and security teams,” said Mohammad Yousuf Al Mudharreb, Director, Rail Operations, at RTA.
The three controllers keep an eye on operations round the clock through the giant screen at the OCC, which relays inch-by-inch movement of the trams.
“All the shots are broadcast live simultaneously on a giant screen through more than 800 cameras, while the screen indicates, through a number of systems, the movement and scheduling of the tram, showing whether the trams are on schedule, ahead or delayed. This allows for non-stop, inch-by-inch monitoring of the operations,” Al Mudharreb said.
At the ground level, the safety regime begins even before the trams move out of the sheds.
“The tram is a driver-operated system, unlike the Metro which is a driverless system. So, to ensure highest levels of safety, before the tram driver takes the keys and proceeds to move the tram, every tram driver has to take the alcohol test through a handy machine that detects even the smallest traces of alcohol,” Al Mudharreb said.
Once he passes the test the driver takes control of the tram, but his actual test begins as he moves the tram, constantly pressing a button that indicates to the operators that he is paying attention.
“The driver controls the movement of the tram through a lever and we have the dead-man’s switch on the lever, which the driver has to press every three to five seconds. This button ensures that the tram driver is paying attention. If he loses control or forgets to press the button, the tram will automatically come to a complete halt immediately. This is to ensure the highest level of safety of the tram users as well as other road users,” he added.
Another important part of the safety system is the emergency brake, which stops the tram automatically whenever it faces an obstacle like a car, an object or a pedestrian.
Interestingly, though, the massive operation is monitored by only three people at any given point.
The 10.6km tramway is served by 11 stations and 11 trams, which are driven by more than 80 certified drivers, who work in shifts.
“We have eight Emirati drivers out of more than 80, but not all of them drive regularly as some of them work as instructors and in other capacities,” said Al Mudharreb, who is also one of the certified drivers.
The trams operate six days a week from 6.30am to 1.30am, while on Fridays they run between 9.30am and 1.30am. Services are offered at two separate frequency rates, with a 12 minute headway in Al Sufouh area and six minute headway on the loop circling Dubai Marina and Jumeirah Beach Residence.
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