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柬埔寨使用“救生鼠”嗅探致命地雷
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两岁的Pit鼠虽视力不好只有一只眼睛，但它们的搜寻速度为11分钟就能发现一枚深埋于柬埔寨田野的致命地雷。而人工使用的金属扫雷机找到一个地雷却可能需要5天的时间。
但是Pit鼠 不是人，它是柬埔寨从非洲引进并经特殊训练用来搜寻几十年战后仍散布在乡村的地雷的“精英鼠”团队的一份子。
一名叫Hul Sokheng的柬埔寨排雷老兵说：“天气晴朗的时候，它的搜寻排雷速度会更快。”他指导训练了12名驯鼠师如何用15只“巨鼠”来清除柬埔寨田野和乡村的地雷。
他站在阴雨绵绵的天空下说：“这些都是‘生命鼠’。”
根据柬埔寨政府记录，事实证明它们对这个国家清扫未爆炸装置包括地雷和未引爆炮弹工作是至关重要的。从1979年以来，这些地雷和炮弹已经剥夺了近2万柬埔寨人的生命，造成约4.4万人残废。
Pit鼠能闻到极具爆炸性的TNT内部地雷。独眼“救生鼠”通过草丛执行排雷任务时受两名驯鼠师以绳索约束、监督。
Pit鼠和其他鼠伴 - 所有冈比亚囊鼠– 于四月由比利时非营利组织（APOPO）从坦桑尼亚引进部署到柬埔寨旨在清除地雷。自它们年满4周岁起，就要接受排雷训练。
在训练场，Pit 鼠凭借对地雷的特殊气味寻找方向，然后挖洞作信号，标识地雷位置，驯鼠师便用它们最爱的香蕉作为奖励。
Hul Sokheng说：“它清楚自己的职责。”
地雷和战争遗留爆炸物给柬埔寨造成了严重影响。柬埔寨地雷受害者信息服务已记录自1979年以来这些地雷炸弹已使19,684人遇害。
柬埔寨摆脱几十年的战争其中包括上世纪70年代红色高棉屠杀，留下世界上最高伤残率之一的悲剧史之后仍散落着地雷。
APOPO在几个国家启动了鼠类排雷项目，包括安哥拉，莫桑比克，泰国，老挝和越南。
使用巨鼠的最大的优点之一是它们对地雷不构成危险，因为探测鼠体重轻便不足以引爆地雷。
对驯鼠师们而言，巨鼠更多是“扫雷工具”。
一名41岁的驯鼠师Meas Chamroeun 说：“它们不只‘救生鼠’，更是我的兄弟和朋友。”
Cambodia uses 'life-saving' rats to sniff out deadly landmines
(From gulfnews)
Pit, only two and with just one eye, needed only 11 minutes before he detected a deadly mine buried in a Cambodian field, work that humans with metal detectors could have taken up to five days to investigate.
But Pit is not human. He is part of a team of elite rats, imported from Africa, that Cambodia is training to sniff out landmines that still dot the countryside after decades of conflict.
"Under a clear sky, he would have been quicker," said Hul Sokheng, a veteran Cambodian deminer, who oversees training of 12 handlers on how to work with 15 large rats to clear Cambodia's farmland and rural villages of bombs.
"These are life-saving rats," he said under rainy skies.
Their work could prove vital in a country where unexploded devices, including mines and unexploded shells, have killed nearly 20,000 Cambodians and wounded about 44,000 since 1979, according to the Cambodian government.
Pit is able to smell highly explosive TNT inside landmines, watched over by two handlers who tie him up to a rope as the one-eyed rat searches through the grass.
Pit and his rat friends - all Gambian pouched rats - were deployed to Cambodia from Tanzania in April by a Belgian non-profit organization, APOPO, to help clear mines. They've been trained since they were 4 weeks old.
At the training field, Pit sniffed TNT scented objects, stopped, dug a little, and was rewarded by his handler with banana.
"He knows his duty: search," said Hul Sokheng.
Landmines and explosive remnants of war have taken a severe toll on Cambodians. The Cambodian Mine Victim Information Service has recorded 19,684 people killed since 1979.
Cambodia is still littered with landmines after emerging from decades of war, including the 1970s Khmer Rouge "Killing Fields" genocide, leaving it with one of the world's highest disability rates.
APOPO has used the rodents for mine-clearing projects in several countries, including Angola, Mozambique, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.
One of the biggest advantages of using rats is that landmines pose no danger to them because the rats are not heavy enough to trigger an explosion.
For their handlers, the rats are more than bomb detectors.
"They are not just rats, they are like my brothers," said 41-year-old handler Meas Chamroeun.
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