2025年12月15日，联合国大会第80届会议审议通过了《可转让货物单证公约》。该公约由联合国国际贸易法委员会（UNCITRAL）主导，从2019年开始启动，历经六年时间磋商与谈判。
2019年6月，我国在联合国贸法会第52届会议上首次提出关于解决铁路运单不具备物权凭证属性带来的相关问题的立法提案，提议拟定相关法律文书，创新和完善陆上贸易规则，推动国际贸易繁荣发展。联合国贸法会认为提案有利于释放多式联运潜力，构建更高效、有韧性的全球贸易生态，对优化国际贸易环境、推动全球贸易增长具有重要现实意义，自2020年起启动了公约起草工作。
该公约首次在国际法层面为可转让货运单证提供了一个连贯统一的法律框架，明确了此类交易中各方的权利、义务与责任，彰显了中国在推动国际规则创新中的智慧与担当。公约的实施将为全球航运产业注入新的制度活力和发展动能，为我国的进口商、出口商及贸易金融行业创造潜在效益，并为所有在国际贸易中利用这一重要机制的相关方提供新的法律保护与责任规范。
大会，
The General Assembly,
回顾其1966年12月17日第2205(XXI)号决议，其中设立联合国国际贸易法委员会，任务是促进国际贸易法的逐渐协调和统一，并在这方面念及各国人民特别是发展中国家人民在国际贸易广泛发展中的利益，
Recalling its resolution 2205 (XXI) of 17 December 1966, by which it established the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law with a mandate to further the progressive harmonization and unification of the law of international trade and in that respect to bear in mind the interests of all peoples, in particular those of developing countries, in the extensive development of international trade,
意识到可转让运输单证在便利贸易融资和在途货物销售方面发挥的重要作用，
Conscious of the important role played by negotiable transport documents in facilitating trade finance and the sale of goods in transit,
深信应当针对包括多式联运在内的所有运输方式的可转让运输单证制定统一规则，从而为门到门运输的发展提供支持，
Convinced of the desirability of establishing uniform rules for negotiable transport documents covering all modes of transport, including multimodal transport, thereby supporting the growth of door-to-door transportation,
认识到国际贸易的数字化转型取决于可靠的系统和数据，而可靠的系统和数据又能提高运营效率，支持端到端的数字化，
Acknowledging that digital transformation in international trade depends on reliable systems and data, which in turn can enhance operational efficiency and support end-to-end digitalization,
深信如能明确可转让货物单证的法律效力以及持单人的权利和赔偿责任，将可鼓励银行、金融机构及其他利益攸关方接受此类单证，从而推动国际贸易并助力经济增长，
Convinced that certainty with regard to the legal effect of negotiable cargo documents, as well as the rights and liability of the holder, will encourage the acceptance of such documents by banks, financial institutions and other stakeholders, thereby fostering international trade and contributing to economic growth,
又深信健全的法律框架将降低内陆运输路线的贸易成本，并将有助于内陆国家以及陆域广阔的国家更有效地融入全球供应链，
Convinced also that a sound legal framework will reduce the costs of trade along inland routes and will assist both landlocked countries and countries with large mainland territories in integrating more effectively into global supply chains,
还深信这样的框架将支持包括沿海国家在内的感兴趣国家将可转让运输单证数字化，
Convinced further that such a framework will support interested countries, including coastal countries, in the digitization of negotiable transport documents,
注意到贸法会就拟订可转让货物单证公约草案进行了适当的审议，而且《公约》草案受益于与各国政府以及有关政府间组织和国际非政府组织的协商，
Noting that the preparation of the draft convention on negotiable cargo documents was the subject of due deliberation in the Commission and that the draft convention benefited from consultations with Governments and interested intergovernmental and international non-governmental organizations,
表示赞赏国际民用航空组织、国际铁路运输政府间组织和铁路合作组织为制定《公约》草案作出贡献，
Expressing its appreciation to the International Civil Aviation Organization, the Intergovernmental Organization for International Carriage by Rail and the Organization for Cooperation between Railways for their contributions to the development of the draft convention,
表示注意到贸法会第五十八届会议决定将《公约》草案提交大会审议，
Taking note of the decision of the Commission at its fifty-eighth session to submit the draft convention to the General Assembly for its consideration,
表示满意地注意到贸法会核准的《公约》草案，
Taking note with satisfaction of the draft convention approved by the Commission,
表示赞赏加纳政府提议在阿克拉主办《公约》签字仪式，
Expressing its appreciation to the Government of Ghana for its offer to host a signing ceremony for the Convention in Accra,
1. 赞扬联合国国际贸易法委员会拟订可转让货物单证公约草案；
1. Commends the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law for preparing the draft convention on negotiable cargo documents;
2. 通过本决议附件所载《联合国可转让货物单证公约》；
2. Adopts the United Nations Convention on Negotiable Cargo Documents, contained in the annex to the present resolution;
3. 授权于2026年下半年在阿克拉尽早举行该公约开放供签署仪式，届时公约将开放供签署，并建议该公约称为《阿克拉可转让货物单证公约》；
3. Authorizes a ceremony for the opening for signature of the Convention to be held as soon as practicable in the second half of 2026 in Accra, upon which occasion the Convention will be open for signature, and recommends that the Convention be known as the Accra Convention on Negotiable Cargo Documents;
4. 促请希望其可转让运输单证法律框架走向现代化的各国政府及区域经济一体化组织考虑成为该公约缔约方。
4. Calls upon those Governments and regional economic integration organizations that wish to modernize their legal frameworks on negotiable transport documents to consider becoming Parties to the Convention.
联合国可转让货物单证公约
The States Parties to this Convention,
本公约缔约国，
Reaffirming their belief that international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is a key factor in promoting friendly relations among States,
重申相信基于平等互利的国际贸易是促进各国间友好关系的一个关键因素，
Conscious of the important role played by negotiable transport documents in facilitating trade finance and the sale of goods in transit,
意识到可转让运输单证在便利贸易融资和在途货物销售方面发挥的重要作用，
Convinced of the desirability of establishing uniform rules for negotiable transport documents covering all modes of transport, including multimodal transport, thereby supporting the growth of door-to-door transportation,
深信应当针对包括多式联运在内的所有运输方式的可转让运输单证制定统一规则，从而为门到门运输的发展提供支持，
Acknowledging that digital transformation in international trade depends on reliable systems and data, which in turn can enhance operational efficiency and support end-to-end digitalization,
认识到国际贸易的数字化转型取决于可靠的系统和数据，而可靠的系统和数据又能提高运营效率，支持端到端的数字化，
Convinced that certainty with regard to the legal effect of negotiable cargo documents, as well as the rights and liability of the holder, will encourage the acceptance of such documents by banks, financial institutions and other stakeholders, thereby fostering international trade and contributing to economic growth,
深信如能明确可转让货物单证的法律效力以及持单人的权利和赔偿责任，将鼓励银行、金融机构及其他利益攸关方接受此类单证，从而推动国际贸易并助力经济增长，
Convinced also that a sound legal framework could help to reduce the costs of trade along inland routes and will assist both landlocked countries and countries with large mainland territories in integrating more effectively into global supply chains,
又深信健全的法律框架可有助于降低内陆运输路线的贸易成本，并将有助于内陆国家以及陆域广阔的国家更有效地融入全球供应链，
Have agreed as follows:
兹协议如下：
Chapter I General provisions
第一章 总则
Article 1 Scope of application
第一条 适用范围
1. This Convention applies to the issuance, transfer and legal effects of a negotiable cargo document that contains a conspicuous reference to this Convention in connection with the international transport of goods by one or more than one mode of transport if:
(a) The place of taking in charge of the goods by the transport operator as indicated in the negotiable cargo document is located in a State Party;
(b) The place of delivery of the goods by the transport operator as indicated in the negotiable cargo document is located in a State Party; or
(c) The place of issuance of the negotiable cargo document as indicated in the negotiable cargo document is located in a State Party.
1. 本公约适用于涉及以一种或多种运输方式进行国际货物运输、并醒目提及本公约的可转让货物单证的签发、转让及法律效力，其前提条件是：
(a) 可转让货物单证中所示运输经营人接管货物的地点位于一缔约国；
(b) 可转让货物单证中所示运输经营人交付货物的地点位于一缔约国；或
(c) 可转让货物单证中所示可转让货物单证的签发地位于一缔约国。
2. This Convention does not affect the application of any international convention or national law relating to the regulation and control of transport operations.
2. 本公约不影响关于规范和管控运输业务的任何国际公约或国内法的适用。
3. Except as otherwise provided for herein, this Convention does not modify the rights and obligations of the transport operator, consignor or consignee or their liability under applicable international conventions or national law governing the transport contract.
3. 本公约除其中另有规定者外，不改变管辖运输合同的适用国际公约或国内法针对运输经营人、托运人和收货人规定的权利、义务和赔偿责任。
Article 2 Definitions
第二条 定义
For the purposes of this Convention:
为本公约之目的：
1. “Consignor” means a person with which the transport operator has concluded a transport contract.
1. “托运人”是指与运输经营人订立运输合同的人。
2. “Consignee” means a person named in the transport contract as the person entitled to take delivery of the goods.
2. “收货人”是指运输合同中指定的有权提取货物的人。
3. “Electronic record” means information generated, communicated, received or stored by electronic means, including, where appropriate, all information logically associated with, or otherwise linked together so as to become part of, the record, whether generated contemporaneously or not.
3. “电子记录”是指通过电子手段生成、传送、接收或存储的信息；该等信息可酌情包括与记录有逻辑关系或者以其他方式联系在一起，从而成为此种记录的一部分的一切信息，而不论其是否同时生成。
4. “Holder” means a person that is in possession of a negotiable cargo document and is identified in it as the consignor, as the person to whose order it is issued or as the person to which the document is duly endorsed, or, if the document is an order document endorsed in blank, is the bearer thereof.
4. “持单人”是指持有可转让货物单证的人，且单证中指明该人为托运人、或为该单证签发时记明凭其指示交付的人、或为该单证经适当背书的被背书人；单证为空白背书指示单证的，则指该单证的持有人。
5. “Negotiable cargo document” means a paper document or an electronic record signed and issued by the transport operator that indicates by wording such as “to order” or “negotiable” or an equivalent expression that the goods as specified in the document have been taken in charge by the transport operator and consigned to the order of the holder.
5. “可转让货物单证”是指由运输经营人签名和签发的、且通过“凭指示”、“可转让”或同等措词表明单证中所述货物已由运输经营人接管并将凭持单人指示交付的纸质单证或电子记录。
6. “Transport contract” means a contract whereby the transport operator undertakes to perform international transport of goods for reward.
6. “运输合同”是指运输经营人据以承诺进行有偿国际货物运输的合同。
7. “Transport document” means a document that:
(a) Evidences or contains the transport contract; and
(b) Evidences the taking in charge of the goods for transport under the transport contract.
7. “运输单证”是指具备以下特征的单证：
(a) 证明或载有运输合同；并且
(b) 证明已接管运输合同下的待运货物。
8. “Transport operator” means a person that concludes a transport contract with the consignor and that assumes responsibility for the performance of the contract, irrespective of whether or not that person performs the transport itself.
8. “运输经营人”是指与托运人订立运输合同并承担履行合同责任的人，而不论是否由该人自行实施运输行为。
Chapter II Issuance, content and legal effect of negotiable cargo documents
第二章 可转让货物单证的签发、内容及法律效力
Article 3 Issuance of a negotiable cargo document
第三条 可转让货物单证的签发
1. If so agreed between the transport operator and the consignor, the transport operator shall issue a negotiable cargo document, in the medium agreed upon, that contains a conspicuous reference to this Convention.
1. 运输经营人与托运人之间作出约定的，运输经营人应当使用所约定的载体形式，签发醒目提及本公约的可转让货物单证。
2. The transport operator and the consignor shall agree on the method of issuing a negotiable cargo document, which may include:
(a) Entering an annotation signed by the transport operator in each original of the transport document; or
(b) Issuing a stand-alone negotiable cargo document where no transport document has been issued or where a transport document has been issued and cancelled.
2. 运输经营人和托运人应当约定签发可转让货物单证的方法，其中可包括：
(a) 在运输单证的每一份正本中加入一则由运输经营人签名的批注；或
(b) 在未签发任何运输单证或运输单证签发后又被注销的情况下签发独立的可转让货物单证。
3. Where the parties have agreed on the method described in paragraph 2 (a) of this article, the annotation shall contain, in a conspicuous manner, the indication set out in article 2, paragraph 5, as well as a statement indicating that the transport document is to serve as a negotiable cargo document from a specified date.
3. 双方当事人约定采用本条第2款(a)项所述方法的，须在批注中以醒目方式载入第二条第5款中提及的表述以及一则注明该运输单证将自某一规定日期起成为可转让货物单证的声明。
4. The negotiable cargo document shall be issued when the goods are taken in charge by the transport operator. If so agreed between the transport operator and the consignor, where a transport document has been issued, the transport operator may issue the negotiable cargo document at a later stage.
4. 可转让货物单证应当在货物由运输经营人接管时签发。运输经营人与托运人之间作出约定的，在运输单证业已签发的情况下，运输经营人可在后续阶段签发可转让货物单证。
5. The transport operator that issues a negotiable cargo document shall not request the issuance of a negotiable transport document in respect of the goods to which the negotiable cargo document relates.
5. 签发可转让货物单证的运输经营人不得请求就该可转让货物单证所涉货物签发可转让运输单证。
6. The negotiable cargo document may be made out to order or to the order of a named person. If the negotiable cargo document fails to name the person to whose order it is made out, it shall be deemed to be made out to the order of the consignor.
6. 可转让货物单证可做成凭指示，也可做成凭记名人指示。如果可转让货物单证中未记明凭何人指示，则应当视为做成凭托运人指示。
Article 4 Contents of the negotiable cargo document
第四条 可转让货物单证的内容
1. The negotiable cargo document shall indicate:
(a) The name and address of the transport operator;
(b) The name and address of the consignor;
(c) The following particulars as furnished by the consignor:
(i) the general nature of the goods;
(ii) the leading marks necessary for identification of the goods;
(iii) an express statement, if applicable, as to the dangerous character of the goods;
(iv) the number of packages or pieces; and
(v) the gross weight of the goods or their quantity otherwise expressed;
(d) The apparent order and condition of the goods as taken in charge by the transport operator;
(e) The place and date of taking in charge of the goods by the transport operator;
(f) The place and date of issuance of the negotiable cargo document;
(g) The terms of the transport contract, if issued as a stand-alone negotiable cargo document;
(h) The place of delivery of the goods;
(i) The number of originals of the negotiable cargo document; and
(j) A statement as to whether the freight has been prepaid or an indication as to whether the freight is payable at destination.
1. 可转让货物单证应当注明：
(a) 运输经营人的名称和地址；
(b) 托运人的名称和地址；
(c) 由托运人提供的以下具体信息：
㈠ 货物的一般性质；
㈡ 辨认货物所必需的主要标记；
㈢ 运输危险货物时对危险性质的明确说明；
㈣ 货物包数或件数；以及
㈤ 货物的毛重或以其他方式表示的数量；
(d) 运输经营人接管时货物的表面状况；
(e) 运输经营人接管货物的地点和日期；
(f) 可转让货物单证的签发地点和日期；
(g) 运输合同的条款(如果可转让货物单证作为独立的单证签发)；
(h) 交货地点；
(i) 可转让货物单证的正本份数；以及
(j) 运费是否已预付，或运费是否应在目的地支付。
2. The negotiable cargo document may further indicate:
(a) The date or the period of delivery of the goods at the place of delivery, if expressly agreed upon between the consignor and the transport operator;
(b) The intended journey route, mode of transport, places of trans-shipment and information enabling tracking of the goods;
(c) The law applicable to the transport contract, in particular any international convention to which the transport contract is subject; and
(d) Any other particulars that the consignor and the transport operator agree to insert in the negotiable cargo document.
2. 可转让货物单证中可进一步注明：
(a) 在交货地点交付货物的日期或期间(如果托运人与运输经营人之间有明确约定)；
(b) 预定运输路线、运输方式、转运地以及便于追踪货物的信息；
(c) 运输合同的适用法律，特别是运输合同须遵守的任何国际公约；以及
(d) 托运人与运输经营人约定在可转让货物单证中加入的任何其他具体信息。
Article 5 Deficiencies in the negotiable cargo document
第五条 可转让货物单证的缺陷
1. The absence of one or more of the particulars referred to in article 4, paragraph 1, does not of itself affect the legal effect or validity of the document as a negotiable cargo document provided that the document nevertheless falls within the definition of negotiable cargo document as set out in article 2, paragraph 5.
1. 第四条第1款所述一项或多项内容的缺失，其本身并不影响单证作为可转让货物单证的法律效力或有效性，只要该单证仍然符合第二条第5款所列可转让货物单证的定义。
2. Nothing in paragraph 1 affects the liability of the transport operator under applicable law for any deficiency in the negotiable cargo document.
2. 本条第1款的规定概不影响运输经营人根据适用法律对可转让货物单证中的任何缺陷承担的赔偿责任。
3. If the negotiable cargo document includes a date but fails to indicate the significance of that date, the date is deemed to be the date of issuance of the negotiable cargo document.
3. 可转让货物单证中列有日期但未注明该日期的含义的，该日期即应视作可转让货物单证的签发日期。
4. If the annotation referred to in article 3, paragraph 3, does not state the date from which the transport document is to serve as a negotiable cargo document, the transport document is deemed to serve that function from the date of its issuance.
4. 第三条第3款所述批注中未标明运输单证将从何日起作为可转让货物单证的，该运输单证即应视为自其签发之日起发挥这一功能。
5. If the negotiable cargo document does not include the date of taking in charge of the goods by the transport operator, the goods are deemed to have been taken in charge by the transport operator on the date of issuance of the negotiable cargo document.
5. 可转让货物单证中未列明运输经营人接管货物的日期的，应视为运输经营人在可转让货物单证签发之日接管了货物。
6. If the negotiable cargo document fails to state the apparent order and condition of the goods at the time the transport operator takes them in charge, it shall be deemed to state that the goods were in apparent good order and condition at the time the transport operator took them in charge.
6. 可转让货物单证中未注明运输经营人接管货物时货物表面状况的，即应视作表明运输经营人接管货物时货物表面状况良好。
Article 6 Evidentiary effect of the negotiable cargo document
第六条 可转让货物单证的证据效力
1. The transport operator may qualify any of the information in the negotiable cargo document furnished by the consignor and referred to in article 4, paragraph 1 (c), to indicate that the transport operator does not assume responsibility for the accuracy of such information if it has:
(a) Either actual knowledge or reasonable grounds to believe that any such information is false or misleading; or
(b) No reasonable means of checking such information.
1. 在以下情形中，运输经营人可对由托运人在可转让货物单证中提供的、第四条第1款(c)项中提及的任何信息作出保留，以注明运输经营人不对所列信息的准确性承担责任：
(a) 运输经营人实际知晓或者有合理理由相信任何此等信息是虚假的或具有误导性；或
(b) 运输经营人不具备对此等信息进行核对的合理手段。
2. Except to the extent that the information furnished by the consignor has been qualified in the manner set out in paragraph 1, the negotiable cargo document shall constitute prima facie evidence of the taking in charge of the goods by the transport operator as stated in the negotiable cargo document.
2. 除非以本条第1款所述方式对托运人提供的信息作出了保留，否则可转让货物单证即应构成运输经营人接管可转让货物单证中所述货物的初步证据。
3. If the negotiable cargo document has been transferred to a third party acting in good faith in reliance on any of the information therein, proof to the contrary by the transport operator in respect of any information in the negotiable cargo document shall not be admissible against that third party, except to the extent that the information furnished by the consignor has been qualified in the manner set out in paragraph 1.
3. 如果可转让货物单证业已转让给基于对单证中所载任何信息的信赖善意行事的第三人，则除非业已以本条第1款所述方式对托运人提供的信息作出了保留，否则运输经营人针对可转让货物单证中所载任何信息提出的相反证据，均不得作为针对该第三人的证据予以采纳。
Chapter III Rights and liability of the holder
第三章 持单人的权利和赔偿责任
Article 7 Rights of the holder of a negotiable cargo document
第七条 可转让货物单证持单人的权利
1. Upon the issuance of a negotiable cargo document, the rights provided for in the negotiable cargo document can be exercised only by the holder, which shall include the right to demand delivery of the goods at destination.
1. 可转让货物单证一经签发，其中规定的权利即只能由其持单人行使，包括要求在货运目的地交付货物的权利。
2. A person other than the consignor that becomes a holder of the negotiable cargo document shall, by virtue of becoming the holder, have acquired the right to bring a claim against the transport operator and, where applicable, the right of disposal under the transport contract, as well as those rights provided for in the law applicable to the transport contract, as if it were a party to that contract.
2. 托运人之外的其他人成为可转让货物单证持单人的，即因此而获得向运输经营人提出索赔的权利，并在可适用情况下获得运输合同下的处置权以及法律规定的适用于运输合同的其他权利，如同该人是合同当事人。
3. The transport operator may not invoke against a holder that is not the consignor any terms of the transport contract that are inconsistent with the express terms of the negotiable cargo document.
3. 运输经营人不得针对并非托运人的持单人援用与可转让货物单证的明示条款不一致的任何运输合同条款。
4. The issuance and initial transfer of possession of a negotiable cargo document, as well as any subsequent transfers, to the holder shall have the same effect, for the purpose of acquisition of rights to the goods, as the physical handing over of the goods.
4. 就取得对货物的权利而言，可转让货物单证的签发及向持单人初始转让其占有和任何后继的转让，均应与货物的实际交付具有同等效力。
5. In order to exercise its rights, the holder shall present the negotiable cargo document to the transport operator. If the negotiable cargo document states that more than one original has been issued, the holder shall present all originals to exercise the right of disposal.
5. 为行使其权利，持单人应当向运输经营人出示可转让货物单证。可转让货物单证中注明已签发一份以上正本的，持单人为行使处置权应当出示所有正本。
Article 8 Missing information, instructions or documents
第八条 信息、指示或文件缺失
If the transport operator needs information, instructions or documents relating to the goods in order to perform its obligations, it shall seek that information or those instructions or documents from the holder of the negotiable cargo document. If the transport operator, after reasonable effort, is unable to obtain that information or those instructions or documents within a reasonable time, it shall proceed in accordance with the transport contract.
运输经营人需获取与货物相关的信息、指示或文件以履行其义务的，应当向可转让运输单证的持单人索取该等信息、指示或文件。运输经营人经合理努力后仍无法在合理时间内获得该等信息、指示或文件的，应继而按运输合同行事。
Article 9 Liability of the holder
第九条 持单人的赔偿责任
1. A holder of the negotiable cargo document that is not the consignor and that does not exercise any right in accordance with article 7 does not assume any liability under the transport contract solely by reason of being a holder of the negotiable cargo document.
1. 可转让货物单证的持单人，并非托运人且未根据第七条行使任何权利的，不应仅因其作为该可转让货物单证的持单人而承担运输合同下的任何赔偿责任。
2. A holder of the negotiable cargo document that is not the consignor and that exercises a right in accordance with article 7 assumes any liability:
(a) Attributable to the person exercising such a right under the law applicable to the transport contract; or
(b) That arises from the exercise of that right under the transport contract to the extent that such liability is ascertainable from the negotiable cargo document;
as if it were a party to the transport contract.
2. 可转让货物单证的持单人，并非托运人且根据第七条行使某项权利的，应当视同运输合同当事人承担下述赔偿责任：
(a) 因其行使了运输合同适用法律规定的权利而产生的任何赔偿责任；或
(b) 因其行使了运输合同下的权利而产生的任何赔偿责任，但以所述赔偿责任能够从可转让货物单证中查明为限。
Article 10 Delivery of the goods
第十条 货物交付
1. Delivery of the goods may be demanded from the transport operator only against surrender of the negotiable cargo document by the holder.
1. 只有在持单人交出可转让货物单证的情况下，才能要求运输经营人交付货物。
2. If more than one original of the negotiable cargo document has been issued, delivery of the goods may be demanded against surrender of one original. If the negotiable cargo document states that more than one original has been issued, the other originals will cease to have any effect or validity after the surrender of one original.
2. 已签发一份以上可转让货物单证正本的，交出其中一份正本后即可要求交付货物。可转让货物单证中载明已签发一份以上正本的，在交出一份正本后，其余正本即失去任何效力或有效性。
Article 11 Transfer of rights of the holder
第十一条 持单人权利的转让
A holder transfers the rights provided for in the negotiable cargo document to another person:
(a) By endorsement either to such person or in blank and by the transfer of possession of the negotiable cargo document to that person; or
(b) By mere transfer of possession of the negotiable cargo document to that person, if the last endorsement is in blank.
持单人可通过下列方式向他人转让可转让货物单证所规定的权利：
(a) 向该人记名背书或空白背书，并将可转让货物单证的占有转让给该人；或
(b) 最后背书是空白背书的，只需将可转让货物单证的占有转让给该人。
Chapter IV Special conditions for electronic negotiable cargo documents
第四章 关于电子可转让货物单证的特殊条件
Article 12 Requirements for an electronic negotiable cargo document
第十二条 对电子可转让货物单证的要求
1. A negotiable cargo document may be in the form of an electronic record provided that a reliable method is used:
(a) To identify that electronic record as the negotiable cargo document;
(b) To render that electronic record capable of being subject to control from its issuance until it ceases to have any effect or validity; and
(c) To retain the integrity of that electronic record.
1. 可转让货物单证可以采用电子记录形式，但须为此使用一种可靠方法：
(a) 指明该电子记录即为该可转让货物单证；
(b) 使该电子记录得以自其签发起至其失去任何效力或有效性期间一直被置于控制之下；并且
(c) 保持该电子记录的完整性。
2. The criterion for assessing integrity shall be whether information contained in the negotiable cargo document, including any authorized change that arises from its issuance until it ceases to have any effect or validity, has remained complete and unaltered apart from any change which arises in the normal course of communication, storage and display.
2. 评估完整性的标准应当是：除正常传送、存储和显示过程中产生的任何改动之外，可转让货物单证中所载信息，包括自其签发起至其失去任何效力或有效性期间产生的任何授权改动，是否保持完整且未被更改。
Article 13 Content requirements
第十三条 对内容的要求
For the purposes of this Convention, a requirement for information to be contained in a negotiable cargo document is met with respect to an electronic record if the information contained therein is accessible so as to be usable for subsequent reference.
就本公约而言，如果电子记录中所载信息可被访问并可用于后续查阅，即达到对可转让货物单证的信息载述要求
Article 14 Signature requirements
第十四条 对签名的要求
For the purposes of this Convention, a requirement for a negotiable cargo document to be signed is met with respect to an electronic record if a reliable method is used to identify the signatory and to indicate that person’s intention in respect of the information contained in the electronic record.
就本公约而言，如果使用某种可靠方法识别电子记录中的签名人身份并表明该人对电子记录中所载信息的意图，即达到对可转让货物单证的签名要求。
Article 15 Possession requirements
第十五条 对占有的要求
1. For the purposes of this Convention, a requirement for a negotiable cargo document to be possessed is met with respect to an electronic record if a reliable method is used:
(a) To establish exclusive control of that electronic record by a person; and
(b) To identify that person as the person in control.
1. 就本公约而言，如果使用某种可靠方法使电子记录满足以下条件，即达到对可转让货物单证的占有要求：
(a) 确立某人对该电子记录的排他性控制；并且
(b) 指明该人为控制人。
2. A requirement to transfer possession of a negotiable cargo document is met with respect to an electronic record through the transfer of control over the electronic record.
2. 对于电子记录而言，转让对电子记录的控制即达到对可转让货物单证占有的转让要求。
Article 16 Endorsement requirements
第十六条 对背书的要求
For the purposes of this Convention, a requirement for a negotiable cargo document to be endorsed is met if the information required for the endorsement is included in the electronic record and that information is compliant with the requirements set forth in articles 13 and 14.
就本公约而言，如果背书所需信息列入电子记录且该等信息符合第十三条和第十四条所列要求，即达到对可转让货物单证的背书要求。
Article 17 Change of medium
第十七条 载体形式的变更
1. If so agreed between the transport operator and the holder, the transport operator shall change the medium of the negotiable cargo document from a paper document to an electronic record or from an electronic record to a paper document provided that a reliable method for the change of medium is used.
1. 运输经营人与持单人之间作出约定的，运输经营人应当按照约定将可转让货物单证的载体形式从纸质单证变更为电子记录或从电子记录变更为纸质单证，但须使用可靠方法进行此种载体形式变更。
2. For the change of medium to take effect:
(a) The holder shall surrender to the transport operator all originals of the negotiable cargo document in its previous medium; and
(b) The negotiable cargo document in its new medium shall include a statement that it replaces the negotiable cargo document in its previous medium.
2. 载体形式变更生效的条件如下：
(a) 持单人应当向运输经营人交出先前载体形式的可转让货物单证的所有正本；以及
(b) 新载体形式的可转让货物单证应当加入一则关于由其取代先前载体形式的可转让货物单证的说明。
3. Upon a change of medium, all originals of the negotiable cargo document in its previous medium shall be made inoperative and cease to have any effect or validity.
3. 载体形式一经变更，先前载体形式的可转让货物单证所有正本即告作废，失去任何效力或有效性。
4. A change of medium in accordance with this article shall not affect the rights and obligations of the parties.
4. 根据本条作出的载体形式变更，不得影响当事人的权利和义务。
Article 18 General reliability standard
第十八条 可靠性的一般标准
The method referred to in this chapter shall be:
(a) As reliable as appropriate for the fulfilment of the function for which the method is being used, in the light of all relevant circumstances, which may include:
(i) Any operational rules relevant to the assessment of reliability;
(ii) The assurance of data integrity;
(iii) The ability to prevent unauthorized access to and use of the system used to implement the method;
(iv) The security of hardware and software;
(v) The regularity and extent of audit by an independent body;
(vi) The existence of a declaration by a supervisory body, an accreditation body or a voluntary scheme regarding the reliability of the method;
(vii) Any applicable industry standard; or
(b) Proven in fact to have fulfilled the function by itself or together with further evidence.
本章中所涉方法应当：
(a) 考虑到所有相关情形，对于实现预期功能而言是可靠且适当的。此等相关情形可包括：
㈠ 与评价可靠性有关的任何操作规则；
㈡ 数据完整性保证；
㈢ 防止未经授权访问和使用实施该方法所用系统的能力；
㈣ 硬件和软件的安全性；
㈤ 独立机构审计的频次和范围；
㈥ 监督机构、资格鉴定机构或自愿方案已就该方法可靠性作出声明；
㈦ 任何可适用的行业标准；或
(b) 经事实证明该方法本身或结合其他证据已实现其功能。
Chapter V Final clauses
第五章 最后条款
Article 19 Depositary
第十九条 保存人
The Secretary-General of the United Nations is hereby designated as the depositary of this Convention.
兹指定联合国秘书长为本公约保存人。
Article 20 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval, accession
第二十条 签署、批准、接受、核准、加入
1. This Convention is open for signature by all States.
1. 本公约开放供各国签署。
2. This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatories.
2. 本公约须经签署方批准、接受或核准。
3. This Convention is open for accession by all States that are not signatories as from the date it is open for signature.
3. 本公约自开放供签署之日起向未签署本公约的所有国家开放以供加入。
4. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession are to be deposited with the depositary.
4. 批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书应当交存保存人。
Article 21 Participation by regional economic integration organizations
第二十一条 区域经济一体化组织的参与
1. A regional economic integration organization that is constituted by States and has competence over certain matters governed by this Convention may similarly sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Convention. The regional economic integration organization shall in that case have the rights and obligations of a State Party, to the extent that that organization has competence over matters governed by this Convention. For the purposes of articles 25 and 26, an instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted in addition to the instruments deposited by its member States.
1. 由国家组成并对本公约规范的某些事项拥有权限的区域经济一体化组织同样可以签署、批准、接受、核准或加入本公约。在前述情况下，如果区域经济一体化组织对本公约所规范事项拥有权限，该组织享有的权利和承担的义务应当与缔约国相同。就第二十五条和第二十六条而言，由区域经济一体化组织交存的文书不得额外计入由其成员国交存的文书。
2. The regional economic integration organization shall make a declaration specifying the matters governed by this Convention in respect of which competence has been transferred to that organization by its member States. The regional economic integration organization shall promptly notify the depositary of any changes to the distribution of competence, including new transfers of competence, specified in the declaration made under this paragraph.
2. 区域经济一体化组织应当作出声明，列明权限已由其成员国转移给该组织的受本公约规范的具体事项。根据本款作出声明后，如果权限的分配发生包括权限又有新的转移等任何变化，区域经济一体化组织应当迅速通知保存人。
3. Any reference to a “State”, “States”, “State Party” or “States Parties” in this Convention applies equally to a regional economic integration organization where the context so requires.
3. 在本公约中，凡述及“一国”、“各国”、“缔约国”或“各缔约国”之处，根据需要同等适用于区域经济一体化组织。
Article 22 Non-unified legal systems
第二十二条 非统一法律制度
1. If a State has two or more territorial units in which different systems of law are applicable in relation to the matters dealt with in this Convention, it may declare that this Convention shall extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them.
1. 如果一国在本公约所涉事项上拥有适用不同法律制度的两个或多个领土单位，该国可以声明本公约适用于其全部领土单位或仅适用于其中某个或某些领土单位。
2. Declarations made under this article shall state expressly the territorial units to which this Convention extends.
2. 根据本条所作声明应当载明适用本公约的领土单位。
3. If a State makes a declaration under paragraph 1 that this Convention shall extend to one or more but not all its territorial units, a place located in a territorial unit to which this Convention does not extend is not considered to be in a State Party for the purposes of this Convention.
3. 如果一国根据第1款作出本公约适用于该国某个或某些领土单位、但并非全部领土单位的声明，位于不适用本公约的某个领土单位的地点就本公约而言不得视作位于该缔约国内。
4. If a State makes no declaration under paragraph 1, this Convention shall extend to all territorial units of that State.
4. 如果一国未根据第1款作出任何声明，本公约应当适用于该国的全部领土单位。
Article 23 Procedure and effects of declarations
第二十三条 声明的程序和效力
1. Declarations under article 21, paragraph 2, and article 22, paragraph 1, shall be made at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. Declarations made at the time of signature are subject to confirmation upon ratification, acceptance or approval.
1. 根据第二十一条第2款和第二十二条第1款所作声明，应当在签署、批准、接受、核准或加入之时作出。对于签署之时所作的声明，须在批准、接受或核准之时予以确认。
2. Declarations and their confirmations shall be made in writing and formally notified to the depositary.
2. 声明及其确认应当以书面形式作出，并正式通知保存人。
3. A declaration takes effect simultaneously with the entry into force of this Convention in respect of the State concerned.
3. 声明在本公约对相关国家生效之时同时生效。
4. Any State that makes a declaration under article 21, paragraph 2, and article 22, paragraph 1, may modify or withdraw it at any time by a formal notification in writing addressed to the depositary. The modification or withdrawal shall take effect 180 days after the date of the receipt of the notification by the depositary. If the depositary receives the notification of the modification or withdrawal before the entry into force of this Convention in respect of the State concerned, the modification or withdrawal shall take effect simultaneously with the entry into force of this Convention in respect of that State.
4. 根据第二十一条第2款和第二十二条第1款作出声明的任何国家均可随时以书面形式正式通知保存人修改或撤回其声明。所作修改或撤回应当于保存人收到通知之日起180天后生效。如果保存人在本公约对相关国家生效前收到修改或撤回通知，该修改或撤回应当在本公约对该国生效之时同时生效。
Article 24 Reservations
第二十四条 保留
1. A State may declare, at the time of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession or at any time thereafter, that it will not apply this Convention to any negotiable transport document that evidences or contains a contract for the carriage of goods wholly by sea governed by an international convention to which it is a State Party.
1. 一国可在交存其批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书之时或其后的任何时间作出声明：凡可转让运输单证证明或载有全程海上货物运输合同，且该合同受本国为缔约国的某项国际公约所管辖，则本国不对该可转让运输单证适用本公约。
2. Article 23, paragraphs 2 to 4, apply to reservations made under paragraph 1.
2. 第二十三条第2款至第4款适用于根据本条第1款作出的保留。
3. No reservations are permitted except as expressly authorized in this article.
3. 除本条明确授权的保留外，不得作出任何其他保留。
Article 25 Entry into force
第二十五条 生效
1. This Convention shall enter into force 180 days after the date of the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
1. 本公约于第十份批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书交存之日起180天后生效。
2. When a State ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to this Convention after the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, this Convention shall enter into force in respect of that State 180 days after the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
2. 当一国在第十份批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书交存之后批准、接受、核准或加入本公约，本公约于该国交存批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书之日起180天后对其生效。
Article 26 Amendment
第二十六条 修正
1. Any State Party may propose an amendment to this Convention by submitting it to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall thereupon communicate the proposed amendment to the States Parties with a request that they indicate whether they favour a conference of States Parties for the purpose of considering and voting upon the proposal. In the event that within 120 days from the date of such communication at least one third of the States Parties favour such a conference, the Secretary-General shall convene the conference under the auspices of the United Nations.
1. 任何缔约国均可向联合国秘书长提交修正案以提议对本公约进行修正。秘书长应当立即将所提修正案转发各缔约国，提请其就是否赞成召开缔约国会议以对该修正提案进行审议和表决发表意见。自转发之日起120天内，如果有不少于三分之一的缔约国赞成召开这一会议，秘书长应当在联合国主持下召开会议。
2. The conference of States Parties shall make every effort to achieve consensus on each amendment. If all efforts at consensus are exhausted and no consensus is reached, the amendment shall, as a last resort, require for its adoption a two-thirds majority vote of the States Parties present and voting at the conference. For the purposes of this paragraph, the vote of a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted.
2. 缔约国会议应当尽一切努力就每项修正案达成协商一致。如果竭尽一切努力而仍未能协商一致，则作为最后手段，修正案须有出席会议并参加表决的缔约国的三分之二多数票赞成方可通过。就本款而言，区域经济一体化组织的投票不得计入在内。
3. An adopted amendment shall be submitted by the depositary to all States Parties for ratification, acceptance or approval.
3. 获得通过的修正案由保存人提交给所有缔约国批准、接受或核准。
4. An adopted amendment shall enter into force 180 days after the date of deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval. When an amendment enters into force, it shall be binding on those States Parties that have expressed consent to be bound by it.
4. 获得通过的修正案应当于第十份批准书、接受书或核准书交存之日起180天后生效。修正案一经生效，即应当对已经表示同意受其约束的缔约国具有约束力。
5. When a State Party ratifies, accepts or approves an amendment following the deposit of the tenth instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval, the amendment shall enter into force in respect of that State Party 180 days after the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval.
5. 对于在第十份批准书、接受书或核准书交存之后批准、接受或核准修正案的缔约国，该修正案应当于该缔约国交存批准书、接受书或核准书之日起180天后对其生效。
Article 27 Denunciation
第二十七条 退约
1. A State Party may denounce this Convention by a formal notification in writing addressed to the depositary. The denunciation may be limited to certain territorial units of a non-unified legal system to which this Convention applies.
1. 缔约国可以书面形式正式通知保存人宣布退出本公约。退约可仅限于适用本公约的、非统一法律制度下的某些领土单位。
2. The denunciation shall take effect 365 days after the date of the receipt of the notification by the depositary. Where a longer period for the denunciation to take effect is specified in the notification, the denunciation shall take effect upon the expiration of such longer period after the date of the receipt of the notification by the depositary.
2. 退约于保存人收到通知之日起365天后生效。通知中申明退约生效需要更长期限的，退约于保存人收到通知之日后该更长期限期满时生效。
DONE in a single original, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic.
本公约正本一份，其阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文文本同为作准文本。
来源：联合国官网、国贸人的小菜园等
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