中医译著 | 岐黄医道古今传，华夏千年赖佑安——《黄帝内经·素问·四气调神大论》

天气清净，光明者也，藏德不止，故不下也。

天明则日月不明，邪害空窍。阳气者闭塞，地气者冒明，云雾不精，则上应白露不下。

交通不表，万物命故不施，不施则名木多死。恶气不发，风雨不节，白露不下，则菀不荣。贼风数至，暴雨数起，天地四时不相保，与道相失，则未央绝灭。

唯圣人从之，故身无奇病，万物不失，生气不竭。

天气，是清净光明的，蕴藏其德，运行不止，由于天不暴露自己的光明德泽，所以永远保持它内蕴的力量而不会下泄。

如果天气阴霾晦暗，就会出现日月昏暗，阴霾邪气侵害山川，阳气闭塞不通，大地昏蒙不明，云雾弥漫，日色无光，相应的雨露不能下降。

天地之气不交，万物的生命就不能绵延。生命不能绵延，自然界高大的树木也会死亡。恶劣的气候发作，风雨无时，雨露当降而不降，草木不得滋润，生机郁塞，茂盛的禾苗也会枯竭不荣。贼风频频而至，暴雨不时而作，天地四时的变化失去了秩序，违背了正常的规律，致使万物的生命未及一半就夭折了。

只有圣人能适应自然变化，注重养生之道，所以身无大病，因不背离自然万物的发展规律，而生机不会竭绝。

The energy of heaven is clear and bright. Itcontinuously promotes the birth, growth, getting sick and getting old of allthings and human beings. The vitality of its clearness and brightness willnever cease, therefore, it will not decline either.

If the sky is not bright, the sun, moon and the whole earth must be dark and the functionalactivities of vital energy will be obstructed like the hollow orifices of humanbody being obstructed when being encroached by the evil factors. Theintercrossing between the energies of heaven and earth depends on the motionsand illuminations of the sun and moon, if the sun and moon cease to illuminate,the heaven energy will be obstructed and fails to descend. As a result, the sky will be overcast with clouds and mists, the energy of earth will fail to ascend to respond the energy of heaven and the due will not be able to fall. 

The growth and developmentof all things on earth depend on the intercrossing of the energies of Yin and Yang.If the two energies fail to communicate, all thing’s on earth will losetheir source of nourishment. Under such circumstance, most of the big treeswill die. Besides, some abnormal change will happen in the world and theweather sequence of the four seasons will be confusing: the weather will not beseverely autumn and not be bitterly cold in winter, the wind and rain won't beregular in spring, and no dew will occur in summer. Since the Yin and Yangenergies being maladjusted, the four seasons will lose their regular patterns,they can no more help the birth and growing of all things, and all things on earthwill die young.

The sages knowthe hows and whys of the variation of Yin and Yang, so they can avoid queerdiseases even under the condition of sudden change of the environment. As theycan adapt to the mechanism of existence like other things on earth, so theirvital energy will never be exhausted.

逆春气则少阳不生，肝气内变。

逆夏气则太阳不长，心气内洞。

逆秋气则太阴不收，肺气焦满。

逆冬气则少阴不藏，肾气独沉。

违逆了春生之气，少阳就不生发，以致肝气内郁而发生病变。

违逆了夏长之气，太阳就不能盛长，以致心气内虚。

违逆了秋收之气，太阴就不能收敛，以致肺热叶焦而胀满。

违逆了冬藏之气，少阴就不能潜藏，以致肾气不蓄，出现泻泄等疾病。

If the principle of preserving health in spring being violated, one’s Shaoyang energywill not be able to bring the function of generation into full play. Thus, thekidney energy will become worse internally.

If the principle of preserving health being violated in summer, one’s Taiyang energywill not be able to bring the function of growth into full play. Thus. theheart energy will be stirring inside.

If the principle of preserving health being violated in autumn, one's Shaoyin energywill not be able to hiring the function of harvesting into full play. Thus, thedistention of lung energy will occur.

If the principle of preserving health being violated in winter, one’s Taiyin energywill not be able to bring the function of storing into full play. As the Taiyinenergy connects with the kidney internally, so when Taiyin fails to store, thekidney energy will degenerate and its functions will become weak.

夫四时阴阳者，万物之根本也。所以圣人春夏养阳，秋冬养阴，以从其根；故与万物沉浮于生长之门，逆其根则伐其本，坏其真矣。故阴阳四时者，万物之终始也；生死之本也；逆之则灾害生，从之则苛疾不起，是谓得道。道者圣人行之，愚者佩之。从阴阳则生，逆之则死；从之则治，逆之则乱。反顺为逆，是谓内格。

四时阴阳的变化，是万物生命的根本。所以圣人在春夏季节保养阳气以适应生长的需要，在秋冬季节保养陰气以适应收藏的需要，顺从了生命发展的根本规律，就能与万物一样，在生、长、收、藏的生命过程中运动发展。如果违逆了这个规律，就会戕伐生命力，破坏真元之气。

因此，阴阳四时是万物的终结，是盛衰存亡的根本，违逆了它，就会产生灾害，顺从了它，就不会发生重病，这样便可谓懂得了养生之道。对于养生之道，圣人能够加以实行，愚人则时常有所违背。顺从阴阳的消长，就能生存，违逆了就会死亡。顺从了它，就会正常，违逆了它，就会乖乱。相反，如背道而行，就会使机体与自然环境相格拒。

The energies of all things on earth are born in spring, grow in summer, yield in autumn and hidden winter, they are all promoted by the law of variation of Yinand Yang energy of the four seasons, so Yin and Yang energies of the four seasons are the root-energies of birth and growth of all things. So the sages maintain the heart and liver which is the Yang energy in spring and summer and maintain the lung and kidney which is the Yin energy in autumn and winter to keep consistent with the roots, so as they can preserve them perfectly. Human beings, like all things on earth, also submit to the law of Yin and Yang energies variation, when one runs counter to the law which is the root, his origin of life will be cut and his primordial energy will be spoiled. 

Therefore, the law of Yin and Yang energies variation dominates the beginningand end and decide the birth and death of everything. If the law of Yin and Yang energies variation is violated by a man, diseases will occur frequently,but if it is well adapted, no strange diseases will happen. The one who can keep this law well adapted, he is actually the one who has mastered the properway of preserving health. Commonly, only the sages can follow the law and the foolish people run counter to it In a word, man will survive when following thelaw, and dies when acts against it. If the Yang energy fails to enter into the body and Yin energy can not come out from the body, the favorable condition of health will turn to the adversity, the contradiction between exterior and interior will cause the disease of mutual excluding of Yin and Yang.

是故圣人不治已病，治未病，不治已乱，治未乱，此之谓也。夫病已成而后药之，乱已成而后治之，譬犹渴而穿井，而铸锥，不亦晚乎。

所以圣人不是等到病已经发生再去治疗，而是治疗在疾病发生之前，如同不等到乱事已经发生再去治理，而是治理在它发生之前。如果疾病已发生，然后再去治疗，乱子已经形成，然后再去治理，那就如同临渴而掘井，战乱发生了再去制造兵器，那不是太晚了吗？

When a sage treats a patient, precaution is always emphasized and of tenuses preventive measures in calming down the disturbances. If the disease is treated after it has already been formed, or try to calm down the disturbance after it has already taken shape, it will be too late, just like to dig a welluntil one is thirsty, or to cast the weapon after the war has already broken out.