1.1 NSD蛋白家族的结构NSD蛋白家族结构十分相似,都是由几个关键结构域构成(图1.1)。共同的结构域有SET结构域(suvar, enhancer of zeste, trithorax)、2个PWWP结构域(脯氨酸-色氨酸-色氨酸-脯氨酸结构域)和5个PHD结构域(plant homeodomain,植物同源结构域),以及NSD特异性的富含半胱氨酸组氨酸(C5HCH)的基序(图1.2)。不同的结构域为NID结构域(NSD1),一个HMG (high-mobility group) DNA结合域(NSD2)[3-4]。
图1.1 NSD蛋白家族结构结构示意图[4]
NSD1、NSD2和NSD3在氨基酸残基703和1409之间有55%-68%的相同序列。高度保守的催化SET结构域和PHD结构域在转录调控和染色质重组中发挥关键作用。PWWP结构域对NSD与甲基化的组蛋白H3和DNA的结合至关重要[5-6],而PHD结构域在NSD与其他甲基化的组蛋白的相互作用中发挥着关键作用[7-8]。NSD1、NSD2和NSD3蛋白分别有2、3、3个结构亚型(图1.2)。以NSD2为例,NSD2是NSD家族中最短的蛋白,具有复杂的表达模式。NSD2有3种亚型:第1种长型NSD2,由1365个氨基酸组成。第2种短型NSD2,由647个氨基酸组成。第3种RE-IIBP(response element II-binding protein),由584个氨基酸组成。长型NSD2包含两个PWWP结构域、一个HMG DNA结合域、四个PHD结构域、AWS、SET和post-SET结构域。短型NSD2由一个PWWP结构域和一个HMG结构域组成。RE-IIBP由两个PHD结构域、一个PWWP结构域和一个SET结构域组成,不含HMG结构域[4,30]。
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