摘要:ESG是CSR发展到一定阶段后受外部因素的影响进化而成的,没有CSR的百年探索,就没有今天的ESG。本文由三部分组成。第一部分从核心理念、使用者导向、报告目标、报告标准、披露性质、信息特性、披露时间、与治理的关联、与商业和商业模式的关联、与风险管理的关联、指标与目标、鉴证要求等12个方面,分析CSR与ESG的差异。第二部分从CSR和ESG的度量、影响因素和经济后果的角度,回顾CSR与ESG的学术文献和主要研究结论。第三部分简要分析CSR和ESG研究存在的不足及其原因,并从六个方面展望未来的研究趋势。期望本文对ESG的后续研究有所助益。
关键词:CSR;ESG;气候变化;碳排放;可持续发展
上个世纪80年代以来,经济社会和环境的可持续发展备受各界的关切,CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility,企业社会责任)和ESG(Environmental, Social and Governance,环境、社会和公司治理)这两个缩略语变得脍炙人口,已然成为学术界的热门研究话题。CSR和ESG有何联系与区别,这两个领域的研究进展如何,既是学术界关心的问题,也是本文希望回答的问题。
①截至目前,已有196个缔约方签署了《公约》,其中包括195个国家和1个整体缔约的欧盟。
②KPMG的研究显示,2020年N100(由全球52个国家和地区各自收入排名前100家企业共5 200 家企业组成)中的67%和G250(全球收入最高的250家企业)中的73%均采用GRI报告框架。
③ SEC的研究表明,截至2021年10月,全球超过2 600家市值达25万亿美元的上市公司和1 069家管理了194万亿美元的金融机构在气候信息披露方面采用了TCFD框架。
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