【阿联酋法律百问百答系列】在阿联酋使用社交媒体的另一重要法律指导风向标——解析阿联酋《打击歧视和仇恨法令》

【阿联酋法律百问百答系列】

抵制歧视行为，倡导平等团结

【立法背景】

    具体而言，有关“歧视、仇恨行为”的认定，您需要注意以下条款：

第四条

有下列行为之一者，以亵渎罪论处：

1. 冒犯、蔑视或不敬神灵；

2. 以暴力或威胁手段冒犯、侮辱、质疑、诽谤或不尊重任何宗教及其仪式与圣物，或扰乱、阻挠获得许可的宗教仪式；

3. 以任何方式歪曲、破坏、或侮辱圣典；

4. 不敬、冒犯、侮辱或诽谤使者及其配偶、家人或同伴。

5. 毁坏或亵渎礼拜场所、陵寝及任何具有神圣性的附属物。

Article 4

Any person who commits any of the following acts shall be sentenced for the crime of blasphemy:

1- Offending, showing contempt or irreverence toward the Divine Entity.

2- Offending, insulting, challenging, defaming or disrespecting any religion or any of its rituals or sacred things, or disrupting or preventing licensed religious observances or ceremonies by violence or threat.

3- Distorting, destroying, desecrating or insulting, in any way, any of the holy books.

4- Insulting, disrespecting, offending or defaming one of the messengers or their spouses, family or companions.

5- Destroying, damaging or desecrating the sanctity of places of worship, cemeteries or graves, appurtenances or any of their contents.

第五条

任何人以任何方式实施第四条2、3、5款规定的行为，将被判处5年以上监禁和25万～100万迪拉姆间不等的罚款，或两种惩戒择一处罚。

任何人以任何方式实施第四条1、4款规定的行为，将被处以5年以上监禁和25万～200万迪拉姆间不等的罚款。

Article 5

a- Any person, who commits any of the acts set forth in Clauses (2, 3, 5) of Article (4) of the present Decree Law by any means of expression or by any other form or means, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period not less than five year and to a fine not less than two hundred fifty thousand dirhams and not exceeding one million dirhams or either one of these two penalties.

b- Any person, who commits any of the acts set forth in Clauses (1, 4) of Article (4) of this Decree Law by any means of expression or by any other form or means shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period not less than five years and to a fine not less than two hundred fifty thousand dirhams and not exceeding two million dirhams.

第六条

任何人以任何方式实施任何形式的歧视行为，将被处以5年以上监禁和 50万～100 万迪拉姆间不等的罚款，或两种惩戒择一处罚。

Article 6

Any person, who commits any act of discrimination of any form by any means of expression or by any other means, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period not less than five years, and by a fine not less than five hundred thousand dirhams and not exceeding one million dirhams or either one of these two penalties.

第七条

任何人以任何方式发表仇恨言论，将被处以5年以上监禁和50万～100 万迪拉姆间不等的罚款，或两种惩戒择一处罚。

Article 7

Any person, who commits any act involving hate speech by any means of expression or by any other means, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period not less than five years and to a fine not less than five hundred thousand dirhams and not exceeding one million dirhams or either one of these two penalties.

第八条

任何人以任何方式煽动部落分裂，挑起个人和团体之间仇恨，将被处以6个月以上监禁及5万迪拉姆以上的罚款，或两种惩戒择一处罚。

Article 8

Any person, who uses any means of expression or other means, to instigate tribal division aiming to provoke hatred among individuals and groups, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period not less than six months, and to a fine not less than fifty thousand dirhams or either one of these two penalties.

第十条

任何人以任何手段滥用宗教，将个人或团体称为异教徒，以实现其自身利益或非法目的，将被判处临时监禁。

如果上述不忠行为与死亡关联并导致犯罪，则将被判处死刑。

Article 10

Any person, who misuses religion to call individuals or groups as infidels by any means aiming to achieve their own interests or illegal purposes, shall be sentenced to temporary imprisonment.

The sentence shall be death penalty if the call of infidelity was associated with death, and where the crime was committed as a result thereof.

第十一条

任何人生产、制造、宣传、销售或传播可能煽动亵渎神明、歧视或仇恨言论的产品、商品、出版物、录音录像、软件、智能应用或其他任何用于表意的电子产品或工业产品，将被判处7年以下监禁和50万～200万迪拉姆间不等的罚款。

Article 11

Any person who produces, manufactures, promotes, offers for sale or circulates products, goods, publications, recordings, movies, tapes, discs, software, smart applications or information in the field of electronic service or any other industrial materials or other things involving the means of expression, which may incite to commit blasphemy, or provoke discrimination or hate speech, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period not exceeding seven years and to a fine of not less than five hundred thousand dirhams and not exceeding two million dirhams.

第十二条

任何人，以公开传播与宣扬为目的，获取或持有冒犯宗教信仰、煽动歧视或仇恨言论的文件、出版物、录音录像、软件、智能应用或其他任何用于表意的电子产品或工业产品，将被处以1年以上监禁及5万～20万迪拉姆间不等的罚款。

Article 12

Any person, who acquires or possesses documents, publications, recordings, movies, tapes, discs, software, smart applications or information in the field of electronic services or any industrial materials or other things involving the means of expression that are intended for distribution or open for public aiming to offend religions, provoke discrimination or hate speech, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period not less than one year, and to a fine not less than fifty thousand dirhams and not exceeding two hundred thousand dirhams.

第十三条

任何人，凡建立、组织或管理协会、实体、团体或其分支机构，使用任何手段冒犯宗教信仰，挑起歧视或仇恨言论，或鼓励、宣传上述行动的，将被判处10年以上监禁。

Article 13

Any person, who establishes, sets up, organizes or manages an association, centre, entity, organization, league or group or any branch thereof or uses any other means aiming to offend religions, or provoke discrimination or hate speech or any act involving encouragement or promotion of the same shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period not less than ten years.

第十四条

明知本法第十三条所述目的而加入、参与或协助其中任何一方者，将被处以7年以下监禁。

Article 14

Any person, who joins, participates in or assists any of the parties referred to in Article (13) of this Decree Law, knowing of its objectives, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period not exceeding seven years.

第十五条

任何人在国内举行或组织旨在冒犯宗教、煽动歧视或仇恨言论的集会，将被处以5年以上监禁。任何人在明知会议目的的情况下参会，将被处以同样的处罚。

Article 15

Any person, who holds or organises a conference or a meeting in the State intended to offend religions, or to provoke discrimination or hate speech, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period not less than five years.

Any person, who participates in the conference or the meeting, knowing of its objectives, shall be sentenced to the same punishment.

第十六条

任何人通过直接或间接方式提供、接受、索要、移交资金或物质支持，以实施本法规定应予惩处的行为，将被判处监禁及25万～100万迪拉姆间不等的罚款。

Article 16

Any person, who provides, offers, demands, accepts, obtains, hands over or receives funds or material support, either directly or indirectly, with the aim to commit any of the acts punished under the provisions of the present Decree Law, shall be sentenced to imprisonment and to a fine not less than two hundred fifty thousand dirhams and not exceeding one million dirhams.

第十七条

如果法人的雇员在法人代表、董事或代理人知情的情况下，以该法人名义或为该法人利益实施了本法规定的罪行，法人代表、董事或代理人将被处以与雇员所犯罪行相同的刑罚。

法人应共同承担由此造成的罚款或赔偿。

Article 17

The representative, director or agent of a legal entity, in case any of the crimes set forth in the present Decree Law is committed, with his knowledge, by any employee of said entity acting in its name or to its interest, shall be sentenced to the same penalties prescribed for the committed crime.

The legal entity shall be held jointly liable to settle any pecuniary penalties or compensation as ruled thereof.