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9月万事达卡财新BBD中国新经济指数升至31.3

9月万事达卡财新BBD中国新经济指数升至31.3 BBD Data
2018-10-02
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导读:受资本投入回升影响,2018年9月万事达卡财新BBD中国新经济指数(NEI)小幅上升。


【财新网】(记者 张娱)受资本投入回升影响,2018年9月万事达卡财新BBD中国新经济指数(NEI)小幅上升。


财新智库和BBD10月2日联合的发布数据显示,9月NEI录得31.3,即新经济投入占整个经济投入的比重为31.3%,较8月回升2.2个百分点。


NEI包括劳动力、资本和科技三项一级指标,在NEI中的权重分别是40%、35%和25%。


从分项指标来看,资本投入回升是9月NEI出现上升的主因。资本投入指数近一年来波动较大,9月录得39.1,环比大幅回升7.2个百分点;科技投入指数自今年3月起开始下滑,9月录得 26.7,环比下降1.4个百分点;劳动力投入指数近期相对稳定,本月录得27.4,环比微升0.1个百分点。


从行业贡献度来看,新一代信息技术与信息服务产业对NEI占比最大,9月贡献了10.7个百分点;金融和法律服务业、体育文化和娱乐业、高端装备制造产业名次均上升一位,分别位列第二、第五和第七名;新材料产业、节能与环保业、科学研究和技术服务业名次分别下降一位,位列第三、第六和第八名。


9月新经济行业入职平均月工资为10161元,较上月下降159元;新经济行业招聘人数占全国总招聘人数比例与上月持平,且新经济行业招聘总薪酬占全国总薪酬比重有所回升,这意味着新经济行业平均入职工资水平相对于全国平均入职工资水平出现上升。9月新经济行业的平均工资溢价为3.8%,高于上月0.7个百分点。


报告通过劳动力需求数据观察宏观经济走势,与工业增加值正相关性较强的普工和操作工招聘数量,9月仍保持低位,但较8月出现回升。此外,每个企业的平均招聘岗位数也有所上升,但上升的持续性有待观察。


报告比较不同类型企业的招聘人数增长率发现:2016到2018年,国有企业、集体企业招聘人数增速保持稳定并且逐渐上升,但是外资企业、港澳台企业和民营企业招聘人数增速则显著下降, 2016年后三类企业增速较快,2017年增速趋近于零,2018年则出现下降。


从出口占比对招聘人数的影响看,在95%的置信区间下,2016年出口占比对招聘增速有正影响:即越外向型的企业招聘人数增速越快。这一影响在2017年并不明显,2018年则显著为负。这意味着外向型企业在近三年出现了先增长再衰退的现象,其中,民营外向型企业受影响最大。


按地区来看,2018年3月到2018年9月,北京、广州、南京、上海和深圳在城市NEI排名中排行前五。


万事达卡财新BBD中国新经济指数,是由财新智库、成都数联铭品科技公司与北京大学国家发展研究院合作研发,每月2日上午10:00发布上月数据。


新经济指数旨在度量中国经济转型中新经济相对于传统经济或旧经济的活跃程度。新经济指数覆盖了节能与环保业、新一代信息技术与信息服务产业、生物医药产业、高端装备制造产业、新能源产业、新材料产业、新能源汽车产业、高新技术服务与研发业、金融服务与法律服务、体育文化和娱乐等10个类别,超过140个行业。


2018年9月

万事达卡财新BBD中国新经济指数


一、指数概览


2018年9月,万事达卡财新BBD中国新经济指数(NEI)录得31.3,即新经济投入占整个经济投入的比重为31.3%。2017年以来,NEI指数波动较大,按可比口径计算,本月NEI比上月上升2.2个百分点(图1)。本月NEI的上升主要来自资本投入的回升。



NEI新经济据于以下定义:首先,高人力资本投入、高科技投入、轻资产;其次,可持续的较快增长;第三,符合产业发展方向。NEI所含行业详见《万事达卡财新BBD中国新经济指数技术报告》与《万事达卡财新BBD中国新经济指数报告(2017年3月)》。


二、主要分项指标


NEI包括劳动力、资本和科技三项一级指标,它们在NEI中的权重分别是40%、35%和25%。2018年9月NEI的上升主要来自资本投入的上升。资本投入指数近一年来波动较大,本月指数大幅回升,录得39.1,环比上升7.2。科技投入指数从2018年3月开始波动下降,本月指数录得26.7,环比下降1.4。劳动力投入指数近两月趋于稳定,本月指数录得27.4,环比上升0.1(图2)。 



劳动力、资本和科技投入的变化百分比分别为0.0,2.5,和-0.3个百分点,与权重相乘求和后,对2018年9月NEI变化的贡献值为2.2%(图3)。



分行业看,NEI中占比最大的行业为新一代信息技术与信息服务产业,2018年9月为总指数贡献了10.7个百分点;本月金融和法律服务业、体育文化和娱乐业、高端装备制造产业名次均上升一位,分别位列第二、第五和第七名;新材料产业、节能与环保业、科学研究和技术服务业名次分别下降一位,位列第三、第六和第八名(图4)。



三、新经济就业


2018年9月,新经济行业入职平均工资水平环比下降,为每月10161元,较上月下降159元(图5)。新经济工资主要来自51job、智联招聘、拉钩、赶集网等数个招聘网站的招聘信息,即对劳动力的需求工资。



2018年9月新经济行业招聘人数占全国总招聘人数比例26.9%,与上月持平,同时,新经济行业招聘总薪酬占全国总薪酬比重27.9%,较上月上升了0.2个百分点,这意味着新经济行业的平均入职工资水平相对于全国平均入职工资水平出现上升。2018年9月新经济入职工资“溢价”为3.8%,高于上月3.1%(图6)。



四、从劳动力需求数据看经济走势


9月的普工和操作工数量仍然保持低位,但比上月有所上升。之前报告中我们提到,普工和操作工的需求数量与工业增加值之间存在较强的正相关性。在图7中除了普工和操作工数量外,我们还放入了一项新的指标——平均每个公司的招聘人数。可以看到,除普工操作工数量外,每个企业的平均招聘岗位数有所上升,但这样的上升会持续多久,仍然有待观察。



五、从劳动力需求数据看各类企业生存状况


在之前的分析中,我们发现企业正在高速集中,一些企业活得很好,而另一些正在死亡,图8和图9展示了部分细节。图8中,我们计算了不同类型的企业在2016、2017和2018年的招聘人数增长率。可以看到,国有企业、集体企业在2016到2018年的增速保持稳定并且逐渐上升,但是外资企业、港澳台企业和民营企业的增速则出现了显著下降,2016年时,这三类企业的增速较快,而2017年的增速接近于零,2018年的增速下降到了0以下。



图9利用方程回归验证了出口占比对招聘增速的影响,其中出口占比使用了2013年的出口交货值对工业总产值的比例。可以看到,在95%的置信区间下,出口占比在2016年时对招聘增速有正的影响,即越外向型的企业,增速越快。这种影响在2017年并不明显,2018年则显著为负。这个趋势意味着外向型企业在近三年中出现了先增长再衰退的现象。总而言之,从图8、图9的结果来看,民营外向型企业,是本轮经济衰退中受影响最大的成员。



六、城市新经济排名


2018年9月新经济总量城市排名前20名如图10所示,北京、上海、深圳、广州和南京排名前五。该排序计算每个投入指标在所有城市中的排序百分位,再将百分位加权平均,体现的是近半年城市间新经济总量排名。



图11计算了2018年3月到2018年9月城市NEI平均排名,前五名为北京、广州、南京、上海、深圳。



更多咨询敬请联络:


万事达卡

大中华区公共关系副总裁 吴焕宇

电话:+86-10-8519-9304

电邮:Huanyu_wu@mastercard.com


财新智库

财新智库高级经济学家 王喆

电话:+86-10-85905019

电邮:zhewang@caixin.com

公关总监 马玲

电话:+86-10-8590-5204

电邮:lingma@caixin.com

BBD(数联铭品)

BBD(数联铭品)首席经济学家 陈沁

电话:+86-28-65290823

电邮:chenqin@bbdservice.com


版权声明


万事达卡财新BBD中国新经济指数,是由财新智库(深圳)投资发展有限公司和成都数联铭品科技公司共同研发,与北京大学国家发展研究院合作,经过近一年努力,于2016年3月2日在北京首发的指数产品,此后每月2日上午10:00发布上月数据。


关于万事达卡:


万事达卡(纽交所股票交易代码:MA),www.mastercard.cn,是全球性的支付与科技公司。通过运营全球最快的支付处理网络,万事达卡将超过210个国家和地区的消费者、金融机构、商户、政府和企业连接在一起。万事达卡的产品和解决方案使得每个人在购物、旅行、企业经营、财务管理等日常商业活动都变得更容易、更安全和更高效。敬请关注我们的“万事达卡”官方微信以及在新浪的官方微博@万事达人,以获悉动态并参与互动。也可访问万事达卡新闻中心或万事达卡互动中心获取更多资讯。


关于财新: 


财新传媒是提供财经新闻的全媒体集团,依托专业的团队和强大的原创新闻优势,以网站、移动端、期刊、视频、图书、会议等 多层次的业务平台,为中国最具影响力的受众群,提供准确、全面、深入的财经新闻产品。财新智库是财新传媒通过孵化另行建立的高端金融资讯服务平台,旨在通过发展金融数据业务,壮大宏观经济研究队伍,服务于智库业务客户。详细信息,敬请浏览 www.caixin.com。


关于BBD:


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September 2018

Mastercard Caixin BBD China New Economy Index




Overview


In September 2018, the Mastercard Caixin BBD New Economy Index (NEI) reading came in at 31.3, indicating that the New Economy accounted for 31.3% of overall economic input activities that month, up 2.2 ppts from August (Chart 1). The rising NEI was due to the increase of capital input. New economy is defined as following: 1) human capital intensive, technology intensive and capital light, 2) sustainable rapid growth, and 3) in line with the strategic new industries defined by the government. Please refer to our previous reports (March 2016 and March 2017) for the list of NEI sectors. 



Primary Inputs


The NEI includes labor, capital and technology inputs that account for 40%, 35% and 25% of the total weights of the index, respectively. The rise in the September NEI reading came from the increase of capital input (Chart 2). Capital input fluctuated widely in the recent year, coming in at 39.1 this month, with 7.2 MoM increase. Technology input index went down since March 2018, dropping to 26.7 this month, with 1.4 MoM decrease. Labor input index showed a stable trend in the past two months, increasing slightly to 27.4 this month, with 0.1 MoM increase.



Taking the weights into account, percentage changes in labor, capital and technology inputs were 0.0, 2.5, and -0.3 ppts, respectively. The net NEI change was 2.2 ppts in total (Chart 3).



As for sectors, the New IT industry formed the largest proportion of the New Economy Index, contributing 10.7 ppts to NEI. Finance & Legal Service, Culture, Sports & Entertainment and Advanced Equipment Manufacturing were the ranking-up industries, ranking the second, fifth and seventh, respectively. Ranking-down industries include Advanced Materials, Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection, and Science Research and Hi-tech Services, which ranked the third, sixth and eighth in September, respectively (Chart 4).



New Economy Employment


In September 2018, the average monthly entry level salary of the New Economy was RMB 10,161 per month, decreasing from last month’s level of RMB 10,320 (Chart 5). New Economy wage information is compiled from online websites of career platforms and recruitment services including 51job and Zhaopin, as well as other sites that list job openings.



Hiring in the New Economy sectors remained the same as the previous month’s 26.9%. The compensation share of New Economy increased slightly to 27.9%. Accordingly, the entry level salary premium of the New Economy increased, from 3.1% in August to 3.8% as compared to economy-wide counterparts (Chart 6).



Economic Trends Based on Employment Data


The employment of general workers and operators is closely related to industrial production. In September, the employment data remained low, although rebounded compared to previous month. We showed in Chart 7 a new indicator, the average hiring per company. This variable showed an up-trend as well, on which we will keep a close eye thereafter.



Operation of Different Enterprises Based on Employment Data


In the previous months, we found the distribution of enterprises was skewed to the left. Large enterprises grew well but some smaller ones diminished. Some evidence was shown in Chart 8 and 9. We checked the growth rates of new employment for enterprises with different ownership structures from 2016 to 2018. The growth rates of state-owned and collected-owned enterprises kept rising since 2016 but those of private, Hong Kong, Macao & Taiwan funded, and foreign funded enterprises declined sharply in the period, even falling below zero in 2018 (Chart 8).



We evaluated the effects of export proportion on employment growth econometrically (Chart 9). The ratios of value of exports to gross output in 2013 in each enterprise were used to explain the differences in employment growth rates. The effects turned out to be significantly positive in 2016, barely negative in 2017 and significantly negative in 2018. In other words, export-oriented enterprises experienced expansions in 2016 but shrank in following years. Along with Chart 8, we might conclude that Chinese private export-oriented enterprises were hurt most in recent recession. 



City Rankings of the New Economy


Based on overall New Economy rankings, the top twenty cities were shown in Chart 10. The top five cities were Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Nanjing. Rankings are based on a weighted average of the percentile rank of indicators for the city in the past six months.



Chart 11 showed the average NEI city rankings between March 2018 and September 2018. The top five cities were Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai and Shenzhen.



For further information please contact:


Mastercard


Mr. Wu Huanyu, Director, Communications 

Tel:+86-10-8519-9304

Email:Huanyu_wu@mastercard.com


Caixin Insight Group 


Dr. Wang Zhe, Senior Economist

Tel:+86-10-85905019

Emails:zhewang@caixin.com


Ma Ling, Public Relations

Tel:+86-10-8590-5204

Email:lingma@caixin.com


BBD


Dr. Chen Qin, Chief Economist

Tel:+86-28-65290823

Emails:chenqin@bbdservice.com


The Mastercard Caixin BBD China New Economy Index is the fruit of a research partnership between Caixin Insight Group and BBD, in collaboration with the National Development School, Peking University. The subject of a year of research, the NEI was first publically released on March 2, 2016 and will be issued the 2nd of every month at 10:00am China Standard Time.


About Caixin


Caixin Media is China's leading media group dedicated to providing financial and business news through periodicals, online content, mobile applications, conferences, books and TV/video programs. Caixin Media aims to blaze a trail that helps traditional media prosper in the new media age through integrated multimedia platforms. Caixin Insight Group is a high-end financial data and analysis platform. For more information, please visit www.caixin.com.


About Mastercard


Mastercard (NYSE: MA), www.mastercard.com, is a technology company in the global payments industry. We operate the world’s fastest payments processing network, connecting consumers, financial institutions, merchants, governments and businesses in more than 210 countries and territories. Mastercard’s products and solutions make everyday commerce activities – such as shopping, traveling, running a business and managing finances – easier, more secure and more efficient for everyone. Follow us on Twitter @MastercardAP and @MastercardNews, join the discussion on the Beyond the Transaction Blog and subscribe for the latest news on the Engagement Bureau.


About BBD (Business Big Data)


BBD is a leading Big Data and quantitative business analytics firm specializing in the analysis of the high-growth industries emerging in Mainland China. Through dynamic data tracking, credit analysis, risk pricing and economic index construction, BBD provides its clients with a wide range of services at both the macro and micro level. For more information, please visit http://www.bbdservice.com/.


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