【新译 X 世界】NO.68: 巴斯克文化

01。

The Basques are one of the most isolated ethnic groups in the world. Yet, somehow they have remained true to their identity since Paleolithic times. During prehistoric times, the Celts lived among them. Later, Basque speakers were influenced by the Romans and the introduction of Christianization, a fact ascertainable from the large number of old borrowings from Latin into the Basque language. For almost 40 years, they suffered under the regime of Francisco Franco, who prohibited using the Basque language and its cultural expressions. Villagers throughout the Basque territories were penalized and even jailed if they were seen speaking or showcasing their traditions. When the Spanish language took over, the Basque language lost its appeal and the number of speakers dramatically decreased for over two generations.

巴斯克人是世界上最孤立的民族之一。然而，不知何故，自旧石器时代以来，他们一直忠于自己的身份。在史前时期，凯尔特人就住在他们中间。后来，说巴斯克语的人受到罗马人和基督教化的影响，这一事实可以从大量从拉丁语借入巴斯克语的旧借词中确定。近 40 年来，他们在禁止使用巴斯克语及其文化表现形式的佛朗哥政权下遭受苦难。巴斯克地区的村民如果展示他们的传统，就会被惩罚甚至入狱。当西班牙语接管时，巴斯克语失去了吸引力，两代人的使用人数急剧减少。

02●

Basques were geographically secluded from the rest of the world by the Pyrenees, which has shaped how they see the world. They only thing they had around were animals and nature, and until Christianization, they practiced their own religion and adored the goddess Mari. Euskara has given me a different perspective of a rural upbringing. I believe each language has its own personality, and the identity of a tribe is reflected in the way they communicate. For instance, proverbs; they are used in a given language to speak to what is valued in the culture. In the Basque culture, many sayings are linked to nature and the rural world.

巴斯克人在地理上被比利牛斯山脉与世界其他地区隔绝，这塑造了他们看待世界的方式。他们身边只有动物和大自然，在基督教化之前，他们信奉自己的宗教并崇拜女神玛丽。巴斯克人让我对农村教育有了不同的看法。每种语言都有自己的个性，一个部落的身份体现在他们交流的方式上。例如，谚语；它们被用在一种特定的语言中，以表达文化中的价值。在巴斯克文化中，许多谚语与自然和乡村世界有关。

03●

As the world becomes more globalised, so do its cultures. The wisdom, traditions and the richness of so many people have unfortunately died, are dying or are about to, all because of a global shift towards internationalization. Super languages and societies are with their power and dominance forcing — wittingly or not — small cultures and ethnic groups to adapt or change, all in favor of modernization. It’s imperative to reverse this horrible trend.

随着世界变得更加全球化，巴斯克的文化也逐渐融入了全世界。不幸的是，许多人的智慧、传统和财富正在走向消亡，这一切都是因为全球转向国际化。那些超级语言（英语、法语及卡斯蒂利亚语）和社会正以其力量和主导地位——有意或无意地——迫使小型文化和种族群体适应或改变，所有这些都必须支持现代化。当前，这种可怕的趋势必须被扭转。

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