This International Women’s Day—celebrated every year on March 8. More than a century ago, the holiday was created by socialist movement leaders impatient for equality for women.
每年的3月8日是国际妇女节。一个多世纪以前，这个节日是由渴望女性平等的社会主义运动领导人创立的。
In 1909, the United States labor movement and the push for women’s suffrage were both gaining steam. Russian refugee, labor organizer, and journalist Theresa Malkiel served on the women’s committee of the Socialist Party of America. Envisioning a more active role for women within the movement, she declared February 23, 1909 “National Woman’s Day.” New York socialists celebrated with a meeting of about 2,000 people in Manhattan.
1909年，美国劳工运动和争取妇女选举权的运动都在迅速增长。俄罗斯难民、劳工组织者、记者特蕾莎·麦基尔曾在美国社会党妇女委员会任职。为了让妇女在运动中发挥更积极的作用，她宣布1909年2月23日为“全国妇女节”。纽约的社会主义者在曼哈顿举行了约2000人的庆祝集会。
The holiday quickly caught the imagination of socialists in Europe. At the suggestion of organizer Clara Zetkin, Europeans celebrated the first International Women’s Day. Instead of a February date, they chose March 8, 1911: the 40th anniversary of the Paris Commune, women marked the occasion with marches and speeches.
这个节日也很快引起了欧洲社会主义者的遐想。在组织者克拉拉·蔡特金的建议下，欧洲人庆祝了第一个国际妇女节。她们选择了1911年3月8日，也就是巴黎公社成立40周年纪念日，而非2月的日子，妇女们通过游行和演讲来纪念这一时刻。
In March 1917, IWD celebrations helped spark a revolution. When tens of thousands of women converged in Petrograd, Russia to mark the holiday—as well as demand an end to World War I and protest food shortages—the demonstrations turned into a massive strike. The movement grew to as many as 150,000 striking workers within a few days. Eventually, even the Russian army joined the marchers. It was the beginning of the Russian Revolution.
1917年3月，国际妇女节的庆祝活动引发了一场革命。当数以万计的妇女聚集在俄国彼得格勒纪念这个节日，同时要求结束第一次世界大战并抗议食物短缺，示威活动演变成了一场大规模罢工。这场运动在几天内发展到多达15万名工人罢工。最终，甚至沙俄军队也加入了游行队伍。这是俄国二月革命的开始。
After World War II, the holiday picked up steam. As the women’s liberation movement swept around the world in the 1970s, the United Nations designated 1975 International Women’s Year and celebrated the holiday for the first time. Two years later in 1977, it designated March 8 International Women’s Day. Today, the holiday is celebrated around the world.
二战后，这个节日越来越流行。20世纪70年代，随着妇女解放运动席卷全球，联合国将1975年定为国际妇女年，并首次庆祝了这一节日。两年后的1977年，联合国将3月8日定为国际妇女节。现在，世界各地都在庆祝这个节日。
图文来源 | National Geographic
翻译 | 新译科技AI+人工校对
编辑、排版 | 王仔洋
