【新译Z世代】No.43 茶百戏和咖啡拉花

茶百戏始于唐代，盛行于宋代，深受宋徽宗和大批文人喜爱与推崇。茶百戏，以研膏茶为原料，用清水使汤纹水脉（即茶汤悬浮液）幻变出图案，所以古人又称之为水丹青。清水幻变是茶百戏独特的文化基因，利用茶汤流动、灵动、变幻的特征，与中国画的意境美、线条美和朦胧美相得益彰。

Chabaixi began in the Tang Dynasty and prevailed in the Song Dynasty, and was loved and admired by Emperor Song Huizong and a large number of scholars in Song Dynasty. Chabaixi, take gypsum tea as raw materials and use clean water to make soup veins (i.e. tea soup suspension) magic pattern, so the ancients also called "Shuidanqing". Clear water illusion is a unique cultural gene of Chabaixi, which makes use of the characteristics of fluidity, flexibility and change of tea soup to complement the beauty of artistic conception, line beauty and hazy beauty of Chinese paintings.

其实茶百戏是从点茶而来的。相对于适合饮用的点茶，茶百戏所用的茶汤更浓而不适合品饮，只适合观赏。在浓茶汤击拂出的泡沫上，用专门的器具蘸水来作画，所以又叫作“水丹青”，类似于国画中墨分五色的原理。创作水丹青不但需要画功，还考验点茶的基本功，因为只有打出更为绵密持久的泡沫才有作画和欣赏的时间。

In fact, Chabaixi comes from "Diancha". The tea soup used for Chabaixi is richer than that suitable for drinking. On the foam blown out by strong tea soup, special appliances are dipped into water for painting, so it is also called "Shuidanqing", similar to the principle of five colors in Chinese painting. Creating Shuidanqing requires not only painting skills, but also testing the basic skills of tea, because only by creating a more lasting bubble can there be time for painting and appreciation.

而咖啡拉花是在原始的卡布奇诺或拿铁上做出叶子或其他图案的工艺。关于咖啡拉花的起源，其实一直都没有十分明确的文献，只知道当时在欧美国家。当时注重的大部份都是图案的呈现，但经过了长久的发展和演进之后，咖啡拉花不只在视觉上讲究，在牛奶的绵密口感与融合的方式与技巧也一直不断的改进，进而在整体的味道的呈现上达到所谓的色、香、味俱全的境界。欧美国家和日本有许多的专业咖啡书籍，都在介绍“Latte Art”的基本技术，更有许多的咖啡相关书籍，是以咖啡拉花作为封面的专业象征，而且咖啡拉花已经是现今各种比赛的必备专业技术。

Coffee brooks are crafted to make leaves or other patterns on the original cappuccino or latte. There is no clear literature on the origin of the coffee brocade, but only in the European and American countries at that time. At that time, most of the attention is the presentation of patterns, but after long-term development and evolution, the coffee brocade not only pays attention to visual attention, but also constantly improves the way and skill of milk's dense taste and fusion, and then reaches the so-called color, fragrance and taste on the presentation of the whole taste. There are many professional coffee books in Europe, America and Japan, introducing the basic technology of "Latte Art". Moreover, many coffee-related books are the professional symbol of the cover of coffee brocade, and coffee brocade has become the necessary professional technology in today's competitions.

茶百戏与咖啡拉花又有什么样的区别？咖啡拉花将牛奶加入咖啡，是两种不同颜色叠加形成的图案，茶百戏则是只用清水在茶汤表面幻变图案。

What is the difference between Chabaixi and coffee brocade? Coffee drawer adds milk to coffee, is two different colors superimposed pattern, and Chabaixi is only use water on the surface of tea soup to change patterns.