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美国住宅公寓：多功能“庭院式”

搜建筑

2024-08-02

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这是一座全新的 LEED 金牌建筑，共四层，拥有 35 个单元，为过渡适龄青少年提供 100%负担得起的玫瑰多功能公寓。当孩子们年满 18 岁被迫离开青少年设施时，大多数人都会流落街头，因为他们无处可去。玫瑰公寓为这些年轻人提供了一个家，否则他们就会流落街头。这栋楼的位置很好，不需要汽车。它与 Whole Foods、7-Eleven、自助洗衣店、林肯五金店和许多其他便利设施隔街相望，距离海滩仅有七个街区，毗邻威尼斯玫瑰大道上琳琅满目的商店和餐馆。

This new LEED Gold four-story 35-unit Rose mixed-use 100% affordable apartment structure for transitional-aged youths. When kids “term out” as they say when they turn 18 years old and are forced to leave a youth facility, most wind up living on the street because there is no place for them to go. Rose Apartments provides a home to this young adult who would otherwise be living on the street. The building is located where no car is needed. It is situated directly across the street from Whole Foods, 7-Eleven, a laundromat, Lincoln Hardware and a host of other amenities and is just seven blocks from the beach, adjacent to the toney shops and restaurants on the eclectic Rose Avenue in Venice.

该建筑借鉴了附近由欧文-吉尔（Irving Gill）于 1919 年建造的霍雷肖法院（Horatio Court）的设计，围绕着地面商业空间上的一个架空庭院设计。庭院类型在洛杉矶已有一百多年的历史。它提倡以步行者为导向的街区，作为无序扩张的替代方案，在项目中心创造可用空间，而不是在建筑体量之外创造闲置的剩余空间。洛杉矶保护协会（Los Angeles Conservancy）的保护主任肯-伯恩斯坦（Ken Bernstein）认为，20 世纪 50 年代之前建造的许多庭院式公寓，尤其是在好莱坞和西好莱坞，都是对本土建筑的一种探索，"他说，这既是为了营造邻里关系，也是一种尝试。与其他多户住宅相比，庭院式公寓 “更能让人感觉自己属于某个地方”。对于住在庭院周围的人来说，这个空间提供了一种安全感和私密性；庭院是一个介于住宅和街道之间的准公共空间。

Taking cues from the nearby Horatio Court, built in 1919 by Irving Gill, the building is designed around an elevated courtyard above ground-level commercial space. The courtyard typology has existed in Los Angeles for more than a hundred years. It promotes pedestrian-oriented neighborhoods as an alternative to sprawl, creating usable space in the center of the project, instead of unused, leftover space outside of the building volume. According to Ken Bernstein, director of preservation for the Los Angeles Conservancy, a lot of the courtyard apartments built before the 1950s, especially in Hollywood and West Hollywood, were part of a search for indigenous architecture,” he says, as much as an attempt to create neighborliness. More than any other multi-dwelling housing, courtyard apartments, “make you feel like you belong to a place.” For people living around the courtyard, the space provides a sense of safety and privacy; the courtyard is a quasi-public space that mediates between the home and the street.

玫瑰公寓为人们提供庇护和舒适，它摒弃了典型的带有坚固围墙和栅栏的社区防御性公寓楼，转而采用了一个雕刻出来的、高高隆起的中央庭院，成为社区中的一座灯塔，通过淡化私人空间来赞美社交空间。精心布置的窗户、有目的的外部循环和包裹最外缘的单元将 35 套低收入公寓导向了社交空间，这些社交空间在空间上相互分离，但在视觉上又相互连接，并与楼下的街道相连。庭院只是成功设计的一个方面。

玫瑰公寓以南加州的这种住宅类型为基础，但与早期的传统建筑不同，它更加特立独行--在提高安全性、私密性和开放性的同时，还与建筑墙外的更大社区相连接。通过为过渡适龄青年提供经济适用房，非开发商可以利用加利福尼亚州议会第 AB763 号法案提高高度和密度，将项目密度从平均 12.30/DU/A 的面积提高到每英亩 110 多个单元。这些亟需的经济适用房为贫困和弱势群体提供了住房，而在该市的富裕地区，低薪工人的住房问题非常重要，但他们却无力负担。同时，它也为洛杉矶紧缺的经济适用房储备做出了贡献。

Offering shelter and comfort, Rose Apartments eschews the typical neighborhood defensive apartment buildings with solid walls and fences in favor of a carved-out and raised central court, a beacon in the neighborhood that celebrates social space by de-emphasizing private space. Strategically placed windows, purposeful exterior circulation and units that wrap the outer-most edges orient the 35 low-income apartments to social spaces that are spatially apart, yet visually connected to each other and the street below. The courtyard is only one aspect of a successful design. Rose Apartments builds on this southern California housing typology, but unlike those earlier traditional buildings, it is more idiosyncratic - creating increased security, privacy and openness, while connecting to the greater community outside the building walls. By including affordable housing for transitional-aged youths, it allowed the non-developer to take advantage of California State Assembly Bill AB763 for increased height and density, increasing the project density from an area average of 12.30/DU/A to more than 110 units/acre. This much-needed affordable housing provides poor and disadvantaged populations housing in an affluent area of town where low-wage workers are critical but unable to afford to live. It also contributes to much-needed affordable housing stock in short supply in Los Angeles.

与之前的许多传统庭院建筑一样，玫瑰公寓的主要外墙材料是常用的外墙水泥抹灰。不过，玫瑰公寓的墙壁采用了扇形设计，以增加深度、浮雕和质感，这是经济适用房项目通常会遇到的问题。这些墙壁还包括表面喷涂的闪光纹理，使外墙在人们经过时闪闪发光。在阳光和明亮的照明条件下，外墙会在几秒钟内变成柔和的银色。这是一种快速移动的现象，它能使光线弯曲，并根据一天中的不同时间投射出不同的阴影。

Like many of the traditional courtyard structures before, the main exterior material at Rose Apartments is commonly used exterior cement plaster. However, at Rose walls are scalloped to give depth, relief and texture, an issue that affordable housing projects typically suffer. These walls also include surface-applied sparkle grain that makes the facades shimmer as people pass by. Sunlight and bright lighting conditions make the facade go soft and silver in just a few seconds. It’s a quick-moving phenomenon that bends light and casts shadows depending on the time of day.