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中小学设计：巴西·Domum 学校

搜建筑

2024-08-22

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Domum 学校位于塞阿拉州南部的北华泽罗市。这是一所涵盖从学前班到高中的学校。除行政和服务部门外，还包括教室、图书馆、实验室、多功能厅、食堂、球场、礼堂和公共区域。该建筑占地面积 3 700.00 平方米，位于一个转角地块，正面朝北和朝西。建筑施工在地块外围进行，这样既保护了西侧立面，又为学校内部提供了遮荫，因为所有学生的娱乐和休闲活动都在这里进行。教室朝东和朝北，运动场朝西，但有金属屋顶保护。

Domum School is located in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, south of the state of Ceará. It is a school that covers everything from pre-school to high school. The program consists of classrooms, a library, a laboratory, multipurpose rooms, a canteen, a court, an auditorium, and common areas, in addition to the administrative and service sectors. The 3,700.00m² building was located on a corner site with large fronts facing north and west. The implementation was carried out on the outskirts of the site, thus protecting the western facade and providing shade for the interior of the school, where all the students' recreation and leisure takes place. The classrooms face east and north, and the sports court faces west but is protected by a metal roof.

学校基本上分为三层。底层是入口，包括主通道和综合广场、礼堂、行政区和停车场。一楼有食堂、运动场、教室和儿童区。二楼也是教育区，设有教室、图书馆和实验室。该路面只铺设了一部分，其余部分决定在今后的扩建中实施。通过分布在几个平台上的坡道和楼梯，克服了到达层和一楼之间的四米斜坡，形成了一个供学生使用的中央休闲庭院。这个不规则形状的庭院是学校的核心，除了可以看到整个空间外，还包括一个小型露天剧场，供学生演讲使用。由于它的形状奇特，坡道和楼梯都非常平滑，因此也成为了孩子们玩耍和探索的场所。

The school is basically spread over three floors. The ground floor, the arrival, includes the main access with the integration square, the auditorium, the administrative sector and the parking lot. The first floor has the canteen, sports court, classrooms and children's section. The second floor, also educational, has classrooms, a library and laboratories. This pavement was only partially executed, with the decision being made to execute the remaining program in a future expansion. The four-meter slope was overcome between the arrival level and the first floor through ramps and stairs distributed across several plateaus, forming a central leisure courtyard for students. This courtyard, which has an irregular shape, is the heart of the school and includes, in addition to a view of the entire space, a small amphitheater for student presentations. Because it has an unusual shape, very smooth ramps, and stairs, it also ends up being a place for children to play and discover.

整个场景由钢筋混凝土制成的支柱、横梁和楼板组成。墙壁全部由陶瓷砖砌成，所有环境的地板都是工业地板，只有中央天井使用了联锁地板。我们选择用黄、红、蓝三原色来粉刷，这样，再加上主要的白色，就能把教学环境变成一个充满童趣的空间。

The entire set is made up of a structure of pillars, beams and slabs all made of reinforced concrete. The walls are all made of ceramic brick and the flooring is industrial in all environments, with the exception of the central patio where the interlocking floor was used. We chose to paint in the primary colors, yellow, red and blue, so that, together with the predominant white, it could transform the teaching environment into a playful space.

热舒适度是该项目的主要指导方针之一，为此，在运动场所在的西侧立面上使用了大面积的金属瓦保护层。流通区的金属空心构件和儿童区教室花园屋顶上的混凝土 cobogós 过滤了阳光，缓解了该地区的酷热。教室里的采光盘将自然光引入教室。最后，学校与街道直接相连，只用金属栅栏围住，从而保持了视觉和风向的通透性，使其成为一个非常吸引家长和学生的空间。

Thermal comfort was one of the main guidelines of the project and for this purpose, a large protection with metal tiles was used on the west facade where the sports court is located. Metallic hollow elements in the circulation areas and concrete cobogós on the roof of the classroom gardens in the children's sector filter the sunlight, alleviating the intense heat in the region. Light trays are present in classrooms and bring natural lighting into the classrooms. Finally, the school has a direct relationship with the street, having been surrounded only by a metal fence, thus preserving visual and wind permeability, making it a very inviting space for parents and students.