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印度·花园学校

搜建筑

2025-06-03

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城市，尤其是南亚大城市，对孩子来说是一个充满挑战的地方。为了学习和成长，她需要一个能促进自由和探索的环境，而在当今的城市中，这些都是很难得的。孟买花园学校的构想就是这样一个保护性空间，它抵御了城市的压迫性惯例和限制，让孩子获得自由。

The city in general, and a South Asian megacity in particular, is a challenging place for a child. To learn and grow, she needs an environment that fosters freedom and exploration – these are hard to come by in today's city. The Garden School in Mumbai is conceived as this protective space, holding off the oppressive conventions and constraints of the city, for a child to be free.

幼儿园坐落在一块约 450 平方米的狭小土地上，一端是杂草丛生的城中村，另一端是狭窄繁忙的街道。在考虑了强制性后退、楼梯和服务设施之后，可用的占地面积最多只能容纳两间教室。我们决心尽可能多地保留地面上的空地，以最大限度地扩大游戏空间。接下来的问题是如何以尽可能自然的方式实现从地面到高架教室的过渡。早在设计阶段，我们就开始考虑修建一个坡道，以实现无缝过渡。然而，事实证明，独立的坡道是不切实际的，一来占地面积已经十分有限，二来小女孩们可能会对向上的跋涉感到乏味。

Set on a tiny plot of about 450 square meters and bordered by an overgrown urban village at one end and a narrow, busy street on the other, it was clear from the start that this kindergarten would need to be a vertical one. The available footprint, after accounting for mandatory setbacks, a staircase and services would accommodate two classrooms at best. We were determined to maintain as much of the plot as possible as an open area at ground level to maximize space for play. The question then was of enabling the transition from ground to the elevated classrooms in as natural a manner as possible. Very early in the design stage, we began toying with the idea of a ramp to make this transition seamless. However, an independent ramp would prove to be impractical both due to an already constrained footprint, and the possibility of the upward trudge becoming a tedium for the little girls.

我们在构思过程中偶然发现，我们正在设计的圆形软体的周长与从一层楼到下一层楼所需的坡道长度相等。于是，我们设计了一个环绕教室的坡道，坡道的四个角、楼梯和电梯连接处都有浅浅的斜坡，坡道与教室入口处的大平台相接。孩子们在斜坡上奔跑，沿着舒适的斜坡窥视教室，斜坡成为支撑学校的主要 “街道”。我们的团队内部会开玩笑说，孩子们是沿着坡道跑到老师的房间，还是跑到游戏区--从设计上看，这两个选择中的一个似乎更容易些。

It was fortuitous as we worked on the idea, that we discovered the perimeter of the soft, rounded form we were developing equaled the length of the ramp that was needed to traverse from one floor to the next. The ramp thus developed wrapping around the classrooms, with shallowed inclines at the four corners, stair and elevator connections, to meet the floor at a large landing at the entrance to the classrooms. Children race along the ramp, peeping into classrooms along a comfortable incline that turns the ramp into the primary 'street' that holds the school together. Internally our team would joke about whether children would race up the ramp to the teachers' rooms or down to the play areas – one of those two choices seemed easier, by design.

教室坐落在从楼面平台开始的凹陷处。沿着楼板外围的倒梁使整个楼板有一个整齐的檐口，外围的梁形成了教室的自然边缘。边缘的宽台阶可用于戏剧或舞蹈等活动，并与高台相连。进入教室后，城市就变成了一个幽灵--光线和形状透过坡道边缘的穿孔金属网，街道的声音被抑制，学校的声音占据了整个教室。坡道作为 “内部街道”，成为教室内的孩子们与 “外部 ”互动的场所，他们在玻璃幕墙上展示自己的作品，或在朋友经过时向他们挥手致意。

The classrooms sit in a dip leading from the floor landings. Inverted beams along the periphery of the slab allow a clean soffit all across, with the peripheral beam forming a natural edge to the classrooms. The edge with its wide steps allows it to be used for activities like drama or dance, connected to a raised podium. Once inside the classroom, the city becomes a phantom presence – light and forms filter through the perforated metal scrim at the edge of the ramp, and the sounds of the street are dampened so the sounds of the school take over. The ramp as the 'internal street' becomes the place where children from within the classroom interact with the 'outside' by displaying their work along the glazed walls or waving out to friends as they pass by.

与城市之间的联系是以儿童的尺度来衡量的。沿着坡道的外沿，一个低矮、有遮挡的开口忽高忽低。这些开口不仅可以最大限度地减少中午刺眼的阳光进入建筑，还可以作为一个小窗口，让孩子们可以眺望城市，或向街对面的父母挥手致意。

Connection with the city beyond is measured and at the scale of a child. A pattern of low-height, screened openings rises and falls along the ramp's outer edge. These are calibrated to minimize the entry of the harsh mid-day sun into the building but also serve as little windows from which children may have a view of the city or wave out at their parents across the street.

从结构上看，电梯井和另外五根柱子支撑着大楼。坡道悬挑在一根倒梁上，倒梁在不同高度与每根立柱相连。在上层，大楼外缘又增加了一组柱子，并设置了一个转换层，以便在将来大楼扩建一两层时，可以在上面建造无柱大厅。第五层的内外两组柱子可作为学校的多功能空间。材料饰面尽可能保持简洁、低维护和天然--天然石材地板、硬木内部玻璃框架和枢轴鳍片，外墙主要采用阳极氧化铝。颜色构成了一个重要的导向装置，坡道栏杆等元素的颜色会随着楼层的变化而变化，外部鳍片的颜色也会随着建筑的每个面而变化。

Structurally, the elevator shaft and five more columns hold up the building. The ramp is cantilevered off an inverted beam that connects to each of these columns at different heights. On the upper floor, an additional set of columns at the outer edge of the building gets added with a transfer floor so that column-free halls can be built above, should the building get extended by a floor or two in the future. The fifth floor, with both the inner and the outer set of columns, serves as a multifunctional space for the school. Material finishes are kept simple, low maintenance and natural wherever possible – natural stone floors, hardwood for internal glass framing and the pivoted fins, with the façade largely in anodized aluminum. Colour forms an important orientation device with the colour of elements like ramp railings changing from floor to floor and that of the external fins changing over each face of the building.