真理还在穿鞋的时候，谎言已经走遍了半个世界。——马克·吐温
在社会交往中，人们说谎或被骗的次数之多令人震惊。研究表明，每人平均每天最少说谎6次，听到的谎言则多达50次。当然，有的谎言是出于善意，但多数谎言会使我们蒙受损失或受到伤害。其实，即使最擅长说谎的人在说谎时，也难免会露出一些蛛丝马迹。只要掌握一定的技巧，普通人也可以像侦探一样，通过言行举止洞察出对方是否在说谎。下面就让我们看看哪下技巧能助你识破"大话精"的谎言。
眨眼频率发生变化
Change in blink rate
在调查波多黎各一家旅馆的纵火案时，警察发现，只有在被问到起火时嫌犯身在何处，嫌犯的眼睛才眨动了一下，而被问到其他问题时都没有任何异常反应。
A person's blink rate slows down as she decides to lie and stays low through the lie. Then it increases rapidly (sometimes up to 8 times normal rate) after the lie.
人们决定说谎时，眨眼频率减慢，并且在说谎过程中都保持低速。谎言结束后会快速眨眼(有时可达正常频率的8倍)。
快速扫视
Quick-check glance
妻：你是不是又去赌了？
夫：(低头)没有…… (偷瞄妻)
This may follow a less-than-truthful response: Liars will immediately look down and away, then back at you again in a brief glimpse to see if you bought the falsehood.
当人们做出不够真实的反应后，可能表现出这种行为：说谎的人会立即低头看，或转移目光，然后又会迅速瞥你一眼，看你是否相信他(她)的谎话。
脚部动作
Foot movements
A：我家洗衣机坏了，记得上次你说会修。帮我看看？
B：行……(不自觉地用脚抵着桌腿)
When lying, people will often display nervousness and anxiety through increased foot movements. Feet will fidget, shuffle and wind around each other or around the furniture. They will stretch and curl to relieve tension, or even kick out in a miniaturized attempt to run away.
人们撒谎的时候，往往会通过更多的脚部动作表现出紧张和焦虑的情绪：双脚局促不安，不停改变位置，双脚交叉，或绕在家具边。说谎的人会通过伸展和卷曲双脚来缓解紧张情绪，甚至会做出有点想逃跑的姿势。
用问题狂轰乱炸
Bombard with questions
"昨晚哪儿疯去了？连家都不回。"妈妈压着火儿问女儿。
"一个同学生日，在她家和其他几个朋友玩得太晚，就睡那了。想告您这事时已经很晚了，估计您都睡了，就没打电话骚扰您。"
妈妈仍不罢休，继续问："哪个同学过生日？和哪些同学一起的？不来电话，连个短信都不知道发？都玩什么了，搞那么晚？"
女儿支支吾吾道："那同学......和他朋友您都不认识......其实，也没玩什么.......就唱唱歌、打打牌什么的。"
This sounds a bit daunting, but all it means is that when you lie you have to concentrate hard on what you're saying, so there will be less complexity in your answer. If you're trying to catch someone out, once they've done their spiel, ask plenty of difficult questions. If they're lying, their answers will probably be quite vague and lacking in detail.
这做法听起来有些吓人，但是其实是说，当你说谎时必须对你所说的内容注意力高度集中，因此，你给出的答案不会很复杂。若你想知道某人是否说谎，他们一说完，就问他们一堆难于回答的问题。如果他们在说谎，那么他们的回答很可能会非常模糊且细节很少。
他们回答问题有多迅速
How quickly do they answer
女友：昨晚给你打电话，老是通话中，你和谁讲电话呀？阿强：他眼都不眨一下就说"哦，周姨给我打电话，说这两天要过来。
女友：咦？周姨下午刚给我来电话说，有事走不开不来了，怎么又变了？"周姨她......"阿强转身接了杯水说："说着急给表弟找工作......"
When the lie is planned (and rehearsed), deceivers start their answers more quickly than truth-tellers. If taken by surprise, however, the liar takes longer to respond – as the process of inhibiting the truth and creating a lie takes extra time.
说谎的人事先编排过谎话，则回答问题的速度会比说真话的人更快。但如果问题来得很突然，那么说谎者作答所需要的时间则更长——因为阻止说真话并编造谎言需要额外的时间。
言语之中找破绽
Listen to verbal clues
So if you think your partner's having an affair and you really, really want to know if it's true, simply turn to them and ask directly: "Are you having an affair?" If they just reply "No, of course not", I would trust them much more than if they said: "How can you possibly ask me that? How long have we known each other? I'm shocked you would even ask me that question." The latter one is typically evasive behavior. Try asking again, and if they start to get angry and still evasive, something could well be going on.
若你认为你的另一半出轨了，而你又特别、特别想知道是否真的是这样，那就直截了当去问他们："你是不是劈腿了？"如果他们只回答：没有，当然没有了。我认为这种答案会比后面的这些回答更可信"你怎么能这样问？我们都认识几年了？我太吃惊了，你居然能问出这种问题。"后面的回答是典型的回避行为。这时，你不妨试着再问一次，如果他们开始为此生气、且仍然拐弯抹角，那可能真的"出轨了"。
逆序陈述
Make them say in reverse
A：昨晚九点之后你都做了什么？
B：我在家看了会儿新闻，接着洗衣服，下楼倒垃圾，和朋友打电话聊天，然后就睡觉了。
A：在讲电话前，你干什么去了？
B：我洗衣服，嗯，不不，倒垃圾来着。
This technique is often used by the police to tell whether a person was lying or not. They will ask someone to give a version of events. Then they will ask them to go back to their story and repeat the events - but in reverse order. If they're making it up, that's much more difficult.
警察通常会用这种技巧辨别一个人是否在说谎。他们会先让某人就某些事件进行陈述。之后，让他们反过头来，以相反的顺序重复那些事件。如果事是他们编出来的，他们要逆序陈述就更难了。
骗子'记得'所有细节
Liars never forget
妻子：你还记得去年除夕咱们为什么吵那么凶吗？
丈夫：因为我加班晚归你不相信。那天主任快下班时候，让我整理出13份稿件。隔壁同事小张看我辛苦，还给我买了麦当劳呢。
Liars never forget. For some reason liars forget that most people forget things, so they will never admit they don't remember a certain detail of their story.
骗子从不忘事。出于某种原因，说谎的人会忘记多数人会忘事，因此他们永远不承认他们不记得他们所编假话中的某个细节。
听话听音
Listen to voice pitch
你问老公刚刚谁打来电话，若他回答时莫名其妙地提高了嗓门，你或许该留心了。
When you lie, the pitch of your voice rises ever so slightly. Research suggests an increase in voice pitch is a good indicator that someone's being deceptive - but it's difficult to spot. If you know what their voice normally sounds like, and when they answer a tricky question their voice sounds higher than usual, something may be amiss.
当你说谎时，你说话的声调会微微有所提高。研究指出，某些人提高说话的声调能充分说明他在说谎。但人们很难察觉这一点。如果你知道那些人平常声音是怎样的，而当他们回答棘手问题时声音听来比平时高，那就说明可能有问题。
诚实基准线
Honesty baseline
小李喜欢边说话边摆弄自己的头发。同事：听说咱们这个月的绩效考核排名公布了，你看了吗？
小李(收住笑，不再整理刘海)：没呢，发哪儿了？我看看去。
If you talk to someone when they're relaxed, you can build up a picture of how they normally react. For instance, when I talk, I swivel on my chair, my leg jiggles and my hands are all over the place. If you ask me a question and my behavior changes suddenly, it's usually a good indication that something's going on.
如果你和某人在他们放松的状态下谈话，就会了解他们正常状态下的是如何反应的。例如，我说话时会转动椅子，腿会轻晃，手会乱摆。假如你问我问题时，我的行为举止突然变了，这通常可以很好地说明我在编谎话。
言行不一
Incongruence
男人一边竭力向对方保证"我一定会离婚"一边下意识地耸了一下肩，聪明如你一定猜到了，他绝对不会为了她离婚的。
When a person believes what he/she is saying his/her gestures and expressions are in alignment with his/her words. When you see a mismatch - where gestures contradict words – such as a side-to-side head shake while saying “yes” or a person frowning and staring at the ground while telling you she is happy, it’s a sign of deceit or at least a conflict between what that person is thinking and saying.
当一个人相信自己说的是真话时，他(她)的姿势和表情与话语是一致的。当你看到姿势与话语矛盾、不一致时，如说“是”的时候摇头，或者皱着眉盯着地面说自己高兴，就表明那人在骗人，或至少此人心中所想与口中所言相悖。
写字泄密谎言
Handwriting
这或许是许多大公司至今仍保留笔试的一大原因。
Scientists claim to have discovered a series of tell-tale clues in the handwriting of fibbers. They found those who write lies press harder on the paper, have longer strokes of the pen and produce longer letters than those telling the truth. Psychologists suggest that lying changes people's handwriting because it forces the brain to work harder to invent facts, interfering with the normal writing process.
科学家声称，他们在骗子们的笔迹中发现了一系列泄露真相的蛛丝马迹。他们发现，相对于说真话的人，那些说谎的人将谎言写在纸上时，落笔更重、笔画更长，写出的字会更细长。心理学家认为，人在说谎时因要虚构事实，所以脑子必须努力运作，导致正常的书写过程受到影响，字迹也就改变了。
眼神交流
Eye contact
初次下厨，你做好饭菜，迫不及待的问男友"好吃吗？"
"嗯"他吃了一口，轻描淡写地答道。
"真的吗？"他抬起头，真诚地看着你的眼睛说"真的，骗你是小狗。"
The biggest misconception about eye contact is that we break it when we're lying. In fact, good liars hold your eye contact longer than normal, as they know people believe this to be a giveaway.
人们对眼神交流最大的误解，是认为当我们说谎时会中断目光接触。事实上，那些擅长说谎的人进行眼神交流持续的时间要比正常情况长，因为他们知道，人们相信眼神交流会泄露真相。
坐立不安
Fidgeting
彩兰质问男友文杰："昨天让你陪我买东西，你说没空，结果却看见你和别人吃饭......说吧，那女生是谁？"
文杰皱了皱眉，从沙发上站起来走到电视机前："是我妹妹，你见过嘛......"
"为什么不好好坐着说话？你是不是心虚了？"
People believe that we fidget more when we lie - actually, the opposite is true. If someone has to make up a lie on the spot, they divert energy away from their bodily movements and into their brain function. So they will be more still than normal while they try to come up with a plausible lie.
人们认为，人在撒谎时会变得更加烦躁不安、心神不宁。但事实恰恰相反。如果有人必须当场编造谎言，他们会将驱动肢体动作的精力转而用于支持大脑思维。因此，当人试图编造令人信服的谎言时，会变得比平时更加平静。
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