今天，我国首次发布了《中国的核应急》（China's Nuclear Emergency Preparedness）白皮书。
在核电快速发展的中国，核应急救援已成为一个重要课题。
快随双语君看看白皮书里都有哪些重要内容。
核应急，即nuclear emergency preparedness。
核应急是为了控制核事故、缓解核事故、减轻核事故后果而采取的不同于正常秩序和正常工作程序的紧急行为，是政府主导、企业配合、各方协同、统一开展的应急行动。
Nuclear emergency preparedness denotes the emergency actions taken to control, contain and mitigate a nuclear accident, and to minimize the consequences of such accidents, which are different from the normal order and working procedure. They are emergency response actions guided by the government, assisted by the relevant enterprises, coordinated among all the involved parties and implemented in a unified manner.
❶ 常备不懈、积极兼容。
Constant vigilance, versatile compatibility.
建立健全专兼配合、资源整合、平战结合、军民融合的核应急准备与响应体系。
A nuclear emergency preparation and response system featuring coordination of dedicated and standby systems, rational deployment of resources, combination of routine exercises and actual emergency response, and integration of civilian and military resources is to be established and perfected.
❷ 统一指挥、大力协同。
Unified command, active coordination.
核设施营运单位统一协调指挥场内核事故应急响应行动，各级政府统一协调指挥本级管辖区域内核事故应急响应行动。
Operators of nuclear installations shall coordinate and direct on-site nuclear accident emergency response actions in a unified manner, and governments at all levels shall coordinate and direct nuclear accident emergency response actions within their respective jurisdictions in a unified manner.
在政府统一组织指挥下，核应急组织、相关部门、相关企业、专业力量、社会组织以及军队救援力量等协同配合，共同完成核事故应急响应行动。
Under the unified organization and direction of the government, nuclear emergency organizations, relevant departments, relevant enterprises, professional teams, social organizations and military rescue units shall work in coordination with one another in a joint effort to complete nuclear accident emergency response actions.
❸ 保护公众、保护环境。
Public safeguard and environmental protection.
把保护公众作为核应急的根本宗旨，以一切为了人民的态度和行动应对处置核事故。
Public safeguard constitutes the fundamental objective of nuclear emergency preparedness, and it is incumbent upon us to take the attitude and actions that everything is for the people in coping with nuclear accidents.
把保护环境作为核应急的根本要求，尽可能把核事故造成的放射性物质释放降到最小，最大程度控制、减轻或消除对环境的危害。
Environmental protection should be viewed as the fundamental requirement of nuclear emergency preparedness in such a way that every effort is made to minimize the release of radioactive substances and do our best to control, mitigate and eliminate damages to the environment.
中国高度重视核应急的预案和法制、体制、机制（简称“一案三制”）建设，通过法律制度保障、体制机制保障，建立健全国家核应急组织管理体系。
China lays great store by the planning, and legislative/institutional/regulatory systems (known in Chinese as “One Planning plus Three Systems”) associated with nuclear emergency preparedness, and ensures the establishment and full functioning of a national nuclear emergency management system through the safeguards of legislation, institution and regulations.
核事故发生后，各级核应急组织根据事故性质和严重程度，实施以下全部或部分响应行动。
Every level of nuclear emergency organization shall implement the following response actions in whole or in part depending upon the nature and seriousness of the accident:
▌迅速缓解控制事故。
Mitigating and controlling the accident in a timely manner.
立即组织专业力量、装备和物资等开展工程抢险，缓解并控制事故，努力使核设施恢复到安全状态，防止或减少放射性物质向环境释放。
A professional force, equipment and supplies shall be thrown into immediate engineering emergency measures to mitigate and control any accident in an attempt to bring the relevant nuclear installation back to a safe condition while preventing or minimizing the release of radioactive substances into the environment.
▌开展辐射监测和后果评价。
Conducting radiation monitoring and consequence assessment.
在事故现场和受影响地区开展放射性监测以及人员受照剂量监测等。
Radiation monitoring shall be conducted at the site of the accident and areas affected and doses possibly absorbed by personnel shall be measured.
▌组织人员实施应急防护行动。
Organizing personnel to implement emergency protection actions.
适时组织受辐射影响地区人员采取隐蔽、撤离、临时避迁或永久迁出等应急防护措施，避免或减少受到辐射损伤。
The people in the affected area shall be duly organized to take emergency protection measures deemed necessary, including hiding, evacuating, seeking temporary shelter or permanently moving out in order to prevent or minimize injuries from radiation exposure.
▌实施去污洗消和医疗救治。
Arranging decontamination and medical treatment.
由专业人员去除或降低人员、设备、场所、环境等放射性污染。
Professionals shall be dispatched to remove or minimize radioactive pollution affecting people, equipment, premises and the environment.
▌控制出入通道和口岸。
Controlling access passages and ports.
根据受事故影响区域具体情况，划定警戒区，设定出入通道，严格控制各类人员、车辆、设备和物资出入。
Zones shall be demarcated according to the areas affected and strict control shall be enforced over the passage of people, vehicles, equipment and supplies in and out of the designated passages.
▌加强市场监管与调控。
Strengthening market supervision and regulation.
禁止或限制受污染食品和饮用水的生产、加工、流通和食用，避免或减少放射性物质摄入。
Manufacturing, processing, circulation and consumption of contaminated food and drinking water shall be banned or limited, so as to prevent or minimize the intake of radioactive substances.
▌维护社会治安。
Maintaining social order.
严厉打击借机传播谣言、制造恐慌等违法犯罪行为。
Illegal or criminal acts, such as spreading rumors to create panic, shall be dealt with rigorously.
▌发布权威准确信息。
Releasing accurate official information.
▌做好国际通报与申请援助。
Doing well in notifying the international community and requesting for help.
（编辑：左卓 秦区区<实习>）
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