如何强化知识产权保护？政府工作报告这样说丨两会热词打卡

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step up original innovation

强化原始创新

加大基础研究和应用基础研究支持力度，强化原始创新，加强关键核心技术攻关。

We will increase support for basic research and application-oriented basic research, step up original innovation, and work harder to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields.

全面加强知识产权保护，健全知识产权侵权惩罚性赔偿制度，促进发明创造和转化运用。

We will strengthen intellectual property protection across the board, improve the system of punitive compensation for IP infringements, and promote invention and creation and their industrial application.

要充分尊重和信任科研人员，赋予创新团队和领军人才更大的人财物支配权和技术路线决策权。

We must fully respect and trust our scientists and researchers, and empower teams and leaders of innovation by placing more human, financial, and material resources at their disposal and giving them more power to make decisions on technology roadmaps.

进一步提高基础研究项目间接经费占比，开展项目经费使用“包干制”改革试点，不设科目比例限制，由科研团队自主决定使用。

We will further increase the proportion of indirect funding for basic research projects, pilot the creation of ceilings in funding that enable the retention of unused funds, set no limits on the proportions of spending items, and give research teams the power to decide how to use funds. 

加强科研伦理和学风建设，惩戒学术不端，力戒浮躁之风。

We will strengthen research ethics, improve academic practice, take disciplinary action against academic misconduct, and guard firmly against rash action.

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credit rating-based regulation and the Internet Plus Regulation

推行信用监管和“互联网+监管”改革

推进“双随机、一公开”跨部门联合监管，推行信用监管和“互联网+监管”改革。

We will continue interdepartmental oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results. We will promote credit rating-based regulation and the Internet Plus Regulation reform initiative.

深化综合行政执法改革，清理规范行政处罚事项，坚决治理多头检查、重复检查。

We will deepen the reform of coordinated law enforcement by government departments, overhaul government penalties and punitive measures, and address overlap and duplication in enforcement. 

对监管者也要强监管、立规矩，决不允许搞选择性执法、任性执法，决不允许刁难企业和群众。

Regulators themselves must also be subject to strong oversight and follow rules. There can be no tolerance for selective or arbitrary law enforcement or for making things difficult for businesses and people.

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targeted and efficient support for the real economy

精准有效支持实体经济

改革完善货币信贷投放机制，适时运用存款准备金率、利率等数量和价格手段，引导金融机构扩大信贷投放、降低贷款成本，精准有效支持实体经济。

We will reform and refine monetary and credit supply mechanisms, and employ as needed a combination of quantitative and pricing approaches, like required reserve ratios and interest rates, to guide financial institutions in increasing credit supply and bringing down the cost of borrowing, ensure targeted and efficient support for the real economy.

加大对中小银行定向降准力度，释放的资金全部用于民营和小微企业贷款。

More targeted cuts will be made to required reserve ratios for medium and small banks; the additional funds thus released will be lent to private enterprises and small and micro businesses.

支持大型商业银行多渠道补充资本，增强信贷投放能力，鼓励增加制造业中长期贷款和信用贷款。

We will support large commercial banks in replenishing capital through multiple channels, strengthen their capacity to supply credit, and encourage them to increase medium- and long-term loans and credit loans to the manufacturing sector.

今年国有大型商业银行小微企业贷款要增长30%以上。

This year, loans to be granted to small and micro businesses by large state-owned commercial banks will increase by over 30 percent.

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boost infrastructure investment

加大城际交通等基础设施投资力度

完成铁路投资8000亿元、公路水运投资1.8万亿元，再开工一批重大水利工程。

800 billion yuan will be invested in railway construction, 1.8 trillion yuan will be invested in road construction and waterway projects, and work will start on a number of major water conservancy projects.

加快川藏铁路规划建设。加大城际交通、物流、市政、灾害防治、民用和通用航空等基础设施投资力度，加强新一代信息基础设施建设。

We will speed up planning and construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, and boost infrastructure investment for intercity transportation, logistics, utilities, disaster prevention and mitigation, and civil and general aviation. We will further develop next-generation information infrastructure.

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the development environment for the private sector

下大气力优化民营经济发展环境

按照竞争中性原则，在要素获取、准入许可、经营运行、政府采购和招投标等方面，对各类所有制企业平等对待。

We will follow the principle of competitive neutrality, so that when it comes to access to factors of production, market access and licenses, business operations, government procurement, public biddings, and so on, enterprises under all forms of ownership will be treated on an equal footing.

健全政企沟通机制，激发企业家精神。

We will foster a new type of cordial and clean relationship between government and business, improve mechanisms for their communication, inspire entrepreneurial spirit.

保护产权必须坚定不移，对侵权行为要依法惩处，对错案冤案要有错必纠。

In the protection of property rights we must be firm and unwavering. Infringements on property rights will be dealt with in accordance with law and any wrongly adjudicated cases will be corrected.

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multi-tiered capital markets

促进多层次资本市场健康稳定发展

加大预算公开改革力度，推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革。

We will take further reform measures to make budgets more transparent, and promote reform efforts to clearly define the respective fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments.

健全地方税体系，稳步推进房地产税立法。

We will improve local tax systems and prudently advance legislation on real estate tax.

规范地方政府举债融资机制。

We will improve the mechanisms by which local governments secure financing.

以服务实体经济为导向，改革优化金融体系结构，发展民营银行和社区银行。

We will reform and improve the structure of the financial system, and develop private and community banks, to better serve the real economy.

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an all-round deepening of reforms

以高水平开放带动改革全面深化

继续推动商品和要素流动型开放，更加注重规则等制度型开放，以高水平开放带动改革全面深化。

We will open more sectors and improve the layout of opening up, continue to promote opening up based on flows of goods and factors of production, and give greater emphasis to opening up based on rules and related institutions, driving an all-round deepening of reforms through high-standard opening up.

进一步放宽市场准入，缩减外资准入负面清单，允许更多领域实行外资独资经营。

We will further relax controls over market access, shorten the negative list for foreign investment, and permit wholly foreign funded enterprises to operate in more sectors. 

增设上海自贸试验区新片区，推进海南自贸试验区建设、探索建设中国特色自由贸易港。

We will expand the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, step up the building of the China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone, and explore the opening of a free trade port with Chinese features. 

推进区域全面经济伙伴关系协定、中日韩自贸区、中欧投资协定谈判，继续推动中美经贸磋商。

We will advance negotiations on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the China-Japan-ROK Free Trade Agreement, and the China-EU Investment Agreement, and continue to promote China-US trade negotiations.