
Pain is universal. Its expression is not. 人的疼痛或许共通,但是其表达却并非如此。
The sound starts with a wide-open back vowel — which could be unrounded (a) or rounded (o), depending on the culture and language. After that, it closes down. 这个声音以一个大大的元音开头——文化和语言会决定可能是不撅唇的a音,也可能是撅唇的o音。发完这个元音,这个声音就会变小来结尾。
But there are a few different ways it can close down. The most common way is into an "ee" sound: Many languages around the world express this kind of pain reaction with an "ai" or "oi" sound, the jaw closing, the tongue pressing up and forward. (Some add a bit more: Mandarin's famous cry of distress is "āiyā!")
但结尾的形式各有不同。最常见的就是以一个“衣”音结尾:世界上的很多语言表示疼痛反应都是用“ai”或者“oi”,下巴上抬,舌头向前上方贴近。(有的语言还加点东西:汉语普通话最有名的痛叫就是“哎呀āiyā!”)
But there is another way, what we do in English: The mouth can close down with the tongue high at the back and the lips rounded to a pucker: "ow". This sound shows up in many other languages — Dutch, German, Latvian, Portuguese, and others. 还有一种结尾,英语就是这样:嘴巴闭上的时候,舌头往后隆起,嘴唇撅圆,发一个“奥乌”的音。很多语言都用这个音表示疼:例如荷兰语、德语、拉脱维亚语、葡萄牙语等等。
Sometimes the tongue touches. In languages such as Bulgarian, Greek, and Farsi, you can make an "akh" or "okh" sound. And in languages such as English, German, Polish, and Slovenian, you have the option of making an "ouch" noise. 有时候舌头还会贴到一个地方去。像是保加利亚语、希腊语、以及波斯语可能会发一个“啊可”或者“哦可”的声儿【注:舌根贴软腭】。像是英语、德语、波兰语、以及斯洛文尼亚语里就会发一个“奥吃”的音【注:舌叶贴硬腭脊】。
Arabic 阿拉伯语 = akh
French 法语 = aïe
Hebrew 希伯来语 = oy or akh
Japanese 日语 = itai” (痛い)
Thai 泰语 = oy (โอ๊ย)
We know what kind of noise "Bang!" represents: one with a sharp onset and some short reverb that often leaves a briefly lingering effect on the ears. It's made by a normal-sized thing, smaller or less hollow than "Boom!" but bigger and not as hard as "Ping!" 我们知道“砰”这个声音代表着什么:声音开头尖锐、有短暂回声、且通常在耳旁萦绕片刻。发出这声儿的物品体积中等,比发出“隆隆”声的要更小或更实心,但是比发出“叮”声的要更大更软。
In a few languages, it's at least nearly the same as in English — Dutch has pang and boem (pronounced "boom"), Danish has bang and bum (said "boom"), German has peng and bum, Italian has bang, bum, and pum, Spanish has bang and pum, Swedish has pang, bang, and bom,Vietnamese has pằng, and Mandarin has pēng砰.
有些语言[的拟声词]跟英语几乎是一模一样——荷兰语有pang和boem,丹麦语有bang和bum(和 “boom” 同音),德语有peng和bum,意大利语有bang,bum和pum。西班牙语有bang和pum, 瑞典语有pang,bang,和bom,越南语有pằng,以及汉语普通话有砰pēng。
Children rapidly develop an extensive vocabulary to describe pain between 12 and 30 months of age, with words for pain from injury emerging first and reflecting the development of normal speech acquisition. 儿童在12至30个月大时迅速发展出大量词汇来描述疼痛,首先出现的是受伤引起的疼痛的词,这也反映了正常语言习得的发展。
Notes
推 荐 阅 读




