2022年3月以来，全球多个国家和地区报告了不明原因儿童严重急性肝炎，且重症病例占比较高，引起广泛关注。目前该病病因不明，我国暂无相关病例报告。
6月16日，国家卫健委称，为提前做好医疗救治准备，国家卫健委组织制定了《不明原因儿童严重急性肝炎诊疗指南（试行）》（简称《指南》），内容包括流行概况、病因和发病机制、临床表现、病例定义和诊断、实验室检查、影像学表现、治疗措施和防控措施等。
The disease was first detected in the United Kingdom on March 31 and cases have since been registered in at least 33 countries. As of May 27, the World Health Organization had received reports of 650 probable cases, resulting in 38 cases that required liver transplants and nine deaths.
图源：路透社
截至2022年5月20日，欧洲监测系统数据显示，该病可见于各年龄段儿童，5岁以下多见；住院患儿中14.1%需住重症监护病房。2022年5月27日，WHO公布，33个国家报告650例疑似病例，至少38例需肝移植，死亡9例。我国尚无相关病例报告。
Acute hepatitis of unknown origin is most common among children aged under five, and about 14 percent of hospitalized patients are admitted into intensive care, the commission said, citing research data from Europe.
China has reported no such cases, according to a diagnosis and treatment guideline that was released by the commission on its website.
"The existing evidence has found no clear epidemiological association between cases," the guideline said. "So far, it cannot be confirmed as infectious."
不明原因儿童严重急性肝炎的病因和发病机制尚在研究中。
目前WHO认为，尽管将腺病毒感染作为病因的假说有一定合理性，但腺病毒通常引起低龄儿童轻度、自限性的消化道或呼吸道感染，不能完全解释该病一些较严重的临床表现，故该病与腺病毒的关联需进一步明确。大部分患儿未接种过新冠病毒疫苗，不支持该病与新冠病毒疫苗副作用有关的假说。
Its emergence has prompted scientists to explore a wide range of potential explanations of its cause, with some linking it to lingering symptoms of COVID-19 infections, side effects of COVID-19 vaccinations or adenovirus.
The newly released document said that it is reasonable to attribute these cases to adenovirus. However, adenovirus infections usually only cause mild and self-limiting symptoms, so this hypothesis cannot explain the severe infections found thus far.
In addition, because the majority of infected children are unvaccinated against COVID-19, the disease's link to COVID-19 vaccines is unfounded.
It added that research into other possible causes is underway, such as a combination of adenovirus and novel coronavirus or weakened immunity among children against regular adenovirus.
The guideline said the onset of the disease is acute and typical symptoms include fatigue, vomiting and abdominal pain at the beginning. Gradually, some infected children suffer liver inflammation, fever and even acute liver failure.
1月31日，一名患者在美国芝加哥拉什大学医学中心（Rush University Medial Center）接受治疗 图源：GETTY IMAGES
目前暂无确诊病例诊断标准。疑似病例和流行病学关联病例须注意排除药物、常见非肝炎病毒感染（如EB病毒、巨细胞病毒等）、自身免疫性疾病、遗传代谢病等所致肝炎。
Due to its puzzling cause, the guideline noted that there are currently no definitive standards for diagnosing children with acute hepatitis.
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