

黑土地保护法来了！像保护眼睛一样呵护我们的黑土粮仓

中国日报双语新闻

2022-06-30

6月24日，第32个全国土地日前一天，全国人大常委会表决通过了一部保护黑土地的法案，通过国家立法，用“长牙齿”的硬措施保护”耕地中的大熊猫”，从而保障国家粮食安全和生态安全。

A day before National Land Day on June 25, China’s top legislature passed the Law on the Protection of Black Soil, aiming to boost the sustainable use of land resources and ensure national food security.

肥力高、适合农耕的东北黑土地由于其珍贵的特性，被称为“耕地中的大熊猫”，是世界仅有的三大块黑土地之一。全国粮食四分之一的产量、三分之一的调出量来自这块黑土地。

The fertile black soil in Northeast China is one of three major humus-rich regions around the world. An essential agricultural production base, the black soil region produces about a quarter of the country’s grain.

上世纪五六十年代，转业军人、知识青年等来到东北，大规模开垦荒地。随着国营农场的建立，这片神奇的黑土将当年的北大荒变成如今的大粮仓。黑土地农业进入快速发展期，土壤有机质也在此后几十年里迅速下降。黑土地正在变瘦、变薄、变硬。

However, intensive cultivation and the effects of wind and water erosion have resulted in decreasing thickness and organic matter of the black soil. In the past 60 years, the organic matter in the soil has decreased by between one-third and one-half in some areas.

守好黑土地，筑牢中国的大粮仓对于保障国家的粮食安全至关重要。刚通过的黑土地保护法明确了黑土地应当用于粮食和油料作物、糖料作物、蔬菜等农产品生产；划入永久基本农田的黑土地应当重点用于粮食生产。

The law stipulates that black soil should be used in the production of grain, sugar, oil crops, vegetables and other agricultural produce.

任何组织和个人不得破坏黑土地资源和生态环境，禁止盗挖、滥挖和非法买卖黑土。

No organization or individual is permitted to damage black soil resources or the environment, and illegal digging or trading of black soil is prohibited, according to the law.

如何拯救正在退化的黑土地？

2021年6月，农业农村部等7部门印发了《国家黑土地保护工程实施方案》，提到了东北黑土区的有效治理模式。结合过去几十年的试验经验，专家发现了值得推广的“梨树模式”和“龙江模式”。

Techniques used to protect black soil, such as the Lishu and Longjiang models, have been included I the nation’s protection plan from 2021 to 2025.

“梨树模式”是在吉林省梨树县率先试验的保护性耕地模式，其关键技术是免耕少耕秸秆覆盖还田。而“龙江模式”的核心是采用机械的方法将秸秆和有机肥混到土层中，形成一个深厚肥沃的耕作层。

Field experiments over the past few decades have proved the effectiveness of the Lishu model－ returning maize straw to farmland in the form of mulch－in improving the quality of black soil in Lishu county, located in Siping, Jilin province.

中科院去年发布的《东北黑土地白皮书》显示，这两种模式都有明显增产增效的效果。但是保护性耕作技术的推广仍然面临挑战，比如配套的机具不够完善，相应的补贴不到位，农民积极性不高等等。

The two models have shown positive results in increasing yields, according to a white paper released by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Yet promotion of the techniques still faces challenges as related machinery and subsidies are not in place and farmers cannot achieve immediate benefits.

全国人大常委会法制工作委员会经济法室主任岳仲明表示，《黑土地保护法》制定的重点之一是加大投入保障，强化科技支撑，要建立和完善黑土地保护财政投入保障机制，加大对黑土地的资金和项目支持。同时，要保护好农民利益，调动农民开展黑土地保护的积极性。

Yue Zhongming, an official from the National People’s Congress Standing Committee’s Legislative Affairs Commission, said science and technology, including agricultural techniques and machinery, should support black soil protection.

“The law emphasized that the protection of black soil should be included in the national economic and social development plan, and the financial investment should be guaranteed,” he said.

作为唯一在国家层面专门立法保护黑土地的国家，中国正在全力守护曾经让国民摆脱饥饿、如今造就东北粮仓的黑土。该法将于8月1日起施行。