
宗庆后追思会举行 浙江杭州市民冒雨送别 图源:IC
娃哈哈员工和当地市民等各界人士自发在这座六层高的灰色建筑前向宗庆后致敬,这位曾是中国首富的人将自己的一生奉献给了中国快消品事业。
Bouquets of flowers have piled up in front of building No 160 at the headquarters of Hangzhou Wahaha Group, China’s leading beverage maker, in tribute to its founder and chairman Zong Qinghou, who passed away on Sunday at the age of 79.
Past and present employees and visitors paid their respects at the gray six-story building in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, where Zong, once China's richest man, conducted his daily work.

2013年11月13日,宗庆后在杭州的办公楼前。新华社记者 韩传号 摄
第二天一早,娃哈哈各部门的工作人员就可以按照老板的批示开展工作,就这样日复一日,年复一年。
Ren Weifeng, a former secretary of Zong’s, said in a WeChat post that Zong diligently looked at all the reports given to him.
“Every night at nine, documents and reports would be printed out for him. With a pen, a pack of cigarettes and a cup of tea, he would review all the reports, making notes until midnight. The next morning, all departments would carry out their work according to his instructions. He did this every day,” Ren wrote.
和宗庆后共事25年的老一代娃哈哈人夏丽莉目前在新加坡经营着为中国企业出海提供咨询服务的公司,她回忆起宗庆后对她个人和职业生涯产生的深远影响,感慨万千。

在杭州举行的一次运动会上与娃哈哈员工掰手腕 图源:新华社
Lily Xia, who operates a consultancy in Singapore for Chinese companies going overseas, said Zong had a deep impact on her personal and professional journeys.
She began her career as a junior cashier with the Wahaha Group after graduating from a leading university in 1999.
When Xia won a running competition at the annual Wahaha Games, a corporate sports event, Zong presented her with the medal and gently patted her on the shoulder. “Keep going. You have great potential,” he said. His words gave the young woman newfound confidence.
“他是我们所有人的慈父和严亲,一盏指路明灯,”夏丽莉说。“他的真诚、勤奋的工作态度和谦虚的举止都是我们作为员工奋斗进取的源泉。”

1997年7月14日,宗庆后(左二)在杭州为冒着酷暑工作的娃哈哈员工送棒冰。 图源:新华社
1945年出生的宗庆后,早年辗转于浙江舟山的盐矿和茶庄从事体力劳动,这15年的艰苦生活磨炼了他坚韧不拔的性格。
In 1991, with support from the Hangzhou government, the company acquired an indebted State-owned enterprise, the Hangzhou Canned Food Product Co.
Zong initially encountered opposition from the workers but won them over be explaining to them Wahaha’s founding, how it operated and the benefits it would bring them. Three months later, the cannery began turning a profit.
回到杭州,1987年,宗庆后和两位退休教师承包校办经销部,销售冰棍、汽水和文具。不久,他与浙江医科大学营养系专家朱寿民合作,开发出娃哈哈的第一款产品——儿童营养液。

1992年4月28日,宗庆后在杭州市上城区组织的表彰活动中被“重奖”10万元。这是宗庆后(前右二)接过奖金后激动得哭了。 图源:新华社
In 1991, with support from the Hangzhou government, the company acquired an indebted State-owned enterprise, the Hangzhou Canned Food Product Co.
Zong initially encountered opposition from the workers but won them over be explaining to them Wahaha’s founding, how it operated and the benefits it would bring them. Three months later, the cannery began turning a profit.
民营小厂收购国营大厂,引发了来自罐头厂内部员工的担忧。
娃哈哈的“联销体”建立保证金制度,先货后款。娃哈哈要求经销商按照当年计划销售额的10%缴纳保证金,在年底带利息退还。联销体可以减少坏账风险,确保稳定的现金流,提升经销商的忠诚度。这种创新的风险共担模式甚至成为许多商学院的案例。
In 1994, when the country’s credit system was still evolving, Wahaha began to foster strong financial links between producers and distributors. The company’s idea involved the upfront guarantee of money from the distributors to the producers, with the products delivered at a later date. This ensured a steady cash flow for the producers and fostered their loyalty to the distributors.
在其鼎盛时期,娃哈哈拥有超过7000个经销商,超过10万个批发商和中国各地500万个销售网点。

图片来源:IC
At its peak, Wahaha boasted more than 7,000 distributors, over 100,000 wholesalers, and 5 million sales outlets across China.
“Wahaha is one of the few private enterprises in China that has been active in the consumer market since the beginning of the market economy and it is still developing rapidly,” said Jason Yu, general manager of Kantar Worldpanel China, a market research firm.
娃哈哈独特的销售模式,使其能够渗透中国直达乡村的数百万零售终端,使其成为渠道为王时代的典型代表。
Wahaha’s sales model allows it to penetrate millions of retail outlets in China, including in rural areas.
This wide distribution network is unmatched by many international giants and domestic companies, giving Wahaha an edge in maintaining steady revenue flows in the era of internet, Yu said.

图片来源:IC
Zong was also known for his firm leadership style, exemplified by his resoluteness during lengthy business disputes between Wahaha and French dairy giant Danone. A joint venture was formed in 1996 with the company producing bottled water and congee products and Wahaha’s production doubled from 1996 to 1997.
However, 10 years later tensions arose when Danone tried to acquire a 51 percent stake in Wahaha’s non-joint venture company at a net asset price of 4 billion yuan, along with the Wahaha trademark.
宗庆后坚决反对这一举动,经常独自面对媒体长达数小时。

1993年11月21日,宗庆后(前左)手拿大哥大,在杭州参与娃哈哈公司的宣传推广活动。 图源:新华社
经过长时间的斗争,2009年双方达成了和解,娃哈哈集团保留了“娃哈哈”商标。
In 2009, a settlement was reached and the Wahaha trademark remained with the Wahaha Group. “Let’s not be afraid of international lawsuits. We don’t bully others, but we also can’t let others bully us,” Zong said at the time.
“娃哈哈是我的整个人生”
宗庆后倡导对企业集权化和扁平化管理。
公开信息显示,杭州娃哈哈集团有限公司的控股股东为杭州市上城区文化商旅投资控股集团有限公司。杭州市国有资产控股集团持有46%的股份,宗庆后和公司的股权平台共持有53.2%的股份。

2013年1月15日,宗庆后(左二)和曼联传奇球星安迪·科尔(左一)、曼联亚太区行政总监利杰民(右一)共同展示曼联赠予娃哈哈的礼物。当晚,娃哈哈集团与曼联足球俱乐部在杭州共同召开新闻发布会,正式宣布娃哈哈成为曼联的首个中国赞助商。 图源:新华社
The group operates without a deputy general manager, with production, sales, and other responsibilities handled by various directors. In 2012, Zong said in an interview that: “It (Wahaha) is my entire life, my dreams, values, label and purpose. It is proof of my existence in this world.”
Last November, Zong made his final public appearance at a dealers’ conference, the company’s annual flagship event. Addressing attendees, he discussed his health issues and his decision to quit smoking. He added that retirement is a concept foreign to him.
近年来,宗庆后的女儿宗馥莉逐渐成为公司内的重要人物。2020年,她被任命为娃哈哈集团营销部副总经理。

2020年11月24日,宗馥莉在2020《浙商》年会进行演讲
Since 2007, Zong Fuli, who studied in the United States from the age of 14, has managed the Hongsheng Beverage Group and invested in upstream businesses including sugar-free tea drinks and sparkling water products. In 2020, she was appointed deputy general manager of Wahaha’s marketing unit.
2020年,宗庆后被胡润中国富豪榜列为中国大陆首富。2012年,他以100亿美元的财富登上福布斯中国富豪榜榜首。
2023年3月23日,宗庆后以150亿美元财富在2023年胡润全球富豪榜上排名第121位。
尽管拥有庞大的财富,宗庆后却是以沉稳的态度和温和的性格而闻名。他工作极其勤奋,生活朴素。他的工作时间从早上7点延续到晚上11点。他的办公室与卧室位于同一栋大楼。
Despite his huge fortune, Zong led a modest life and diligently worked from 7 am to 11 pm. He slept in a bedroom located in the same building as his office and was known for his calm and soft-spoken demeanor.
He preferred simple meals like porridge and noodles from the company canteen. The tycoon often traveled alone on business trips carrying a single suitcase and once went second-class on a bullet train, chatting to and befriending other passengers.

图片来自网络
民营企业家们也纷纷通过各种途径表达了他们对宗老的深切怀念。吉利汽车董事长李书福赞扬宗庆后是民营企业创新和创业的先驱,代表着现代浙江商人及其勤劳精神。
Leaders of private enterprises sent their regards. Geely Chairman Li Shufu praised Zong as a pioneer of innovation and entrepreneurship in the private sector who was representative of modern Zhejiang merchants and their hardworking spirit.
李书福写道:“您为中国食品饮料行业的崛起和发展开拓疆土,您是第一代浙江商人的楷模。”

记者:王卓琼
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