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极端高温！埃菲尔铁塔被热到弯曲偏斜

中国日报双语新闻

2025-07-04

近日，欧洲多地被“热穹顶”笼罩，炽热高温从地中海一路延伸至英国、德国等国家。法国气象局指出，截至6月30日，法国96个行政区中已有84个发布橙色高温预警，另有16个进入红色警戒。

酷热天气甚至影响到巴黎地标——埃菲尔铁塔，其钢结构因日照受热膨胀，导致塔体可能短暂向受光一侧偏斜。据BBC和NBC新闻等媒体报道，专家解释，铁塔受光一侧钢材因高温膨胀，而背光侧相对收缩，造成塔体轻微倾斜。

Extreme temperatures soared across Europe as several countries issued heat alerts. In Paris, officials said the Eiffel Tower's top level would remain closed to visitors because of the current heat wave. According to its website, rising temperatures cause the puddled iron of the tower to expand in size and tilt slightly, but without causing any impact to its structural integrity.

图源：埃菲尔铁塔官方网站

夏季热胀可令塔体位移约20公分，冬季冷缩则可缩回10公分。不过，这种热胀冷缩现象会随着昼夜温差自行恢复，不会造成结构性损害。为应对高温，法国当局关闭埃菲尔铁塔顶层两天，并设立冷水补给站，提醒游客及时补水。

法国有超过1350所学校全部或部分停课，另有超过5000户家庭出现停电。此外，法国交通部门也要求部分列车减速或暂停，以防铁轨受热弯曲。

Temperatures in Paris are expected to reach 36 degrees Celsius this week, with parts of southern France soaring to 40 degrees. The French government has issued high-level heat wave alerts across 84 areas.

这波热浪的成因主要是强烈的“热穹顶”笼罩地中海，加上全球气候变暖，使高温纪录发生频率大增。除了法国，西班牙巴塞罗那6月平均气温达26°C，创下110多年来新高，伊比利亚半岛部分地区气温甚至飙升至43°C，葡萄牙埃武拉6月曾出现46.6°C高温。

高温还影响欧洲多地铁路运输，部分列车因铁轨膨胀被迫降速或停运。法国、比利时、英国等地也面临强风和火灾风险，有些地区已启动紧急响应机制。

The blistering temperatures were caused by a heat dome, a high-pressure system that stalled over western Europe, trapping hot air from northern Africa over the region, akin to a lid on a pot of boiling water. Heat domes can linger for days or weeks, driving up heat and humidity for extended periods of time.

图源：世界气象组织

极端高温还带来健康威胁，意大利有建筑工人在酷热下猝死工地，英国和德国的长照机构也呼吁加强防暑措施，保护长者与其他易感人群。目前，欧洲多国已启动应对机制，包括开放避暑中心、限制午后户外作业，并呼吁民众注意室内降温与补充水分。

气候专家警告，欧洲是全球暖化速度最快的大洲之一，极端天气事件将日趋频繁，各国亟需强化基础设施与公共卫生系统，以应对未来挑战。

Studies have shown that climate change is increasing the frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves around the world. As the world continues to warm, these extremes are expected to compound, according to the World Meteorological Organization.

Europe is the world's fastest-warming continent, according to the European Union's Copernicus Climate Change Service, which said the region is heating up at twice the global average speed.

编辑：左卓

实习生：韩沐辰

来源：环球时报北京晚报 NBCNews