This summer, "foraging wild mushrooms on Cangshan Mountain in Dali" has become a popular online trend, attracting a large number of tourists who enter the mountain to pick various wild fungi. However, disorderly and destructive behavior by some visitors is posing a serious threat to the local ecology.
据央视新闻报道，记者在抖音、快手、小红书等网络平台输入“大理采菌子”等关键词，立即出现大量相关视频和图片。这些内容以“采菌体验”和“拍照打卡”为主要卖点，吸引大量游客关注。
According to a CCTV news report, searching keywords like "Dali mushroom picking" on platforms such as Douyin, Kuaishou, and RedNote yields numerous videos and images promoting "foraging experiences", drawing widespread interest from tourists.
发帖者通过评论区招揽游客，收费从38元到二三百元不等，有的还承诺提供采菌工具和简单餐食。
Posters often recruit participants through comment sections, charging fees ranging from 38 yuan to over 200 yuan, with some offering tools and simple meals.
8月上旬，记者在大理镇阳和村调查时看到，原本植被茂密的树林中，多个地方被游客踩出明显的路。
In early August, reporters investigating in a village named Yanghe, Dali town, observed that previously dense forest areas had been visibly damaged by tourist foot traffic.
一些“采菌游”组织方并无资质
付费即可网上发帖
报道称，向导会召集游客，将采集到的蘑菇集中展示，进行“科普”讲解。讲解仅停留在介绍菌种名称、是否有毒等简单内容，有的还存在明显错误。
Guides gather tourists to display collected mushrooms and provide "educational" talks, though these sessions are often limited to basic — and sometimes incorrect — information about species names and toxicity.
“科普”环节后，有的游客将野生菌随意掩埋，或直接倒在灌木丛中。找蘑菇、挖蘑菇、拍蘑菇、扔蘑菇，今年夏天，这样的体验活动每天都在大理苍山扎堆进行。
After these briefings, some tourists bury mushrooms randomly or discard them in bushes. The cycle of searching, digging, photographing, and discarding mushrooms has become a daily occurrence on Cangshan Mountain this summer.
记者初步观察统计，仅在苍山脚下阳和村一个进山路口，单日就有超过40辆车、500多人上山采菌，而整个苍山，类似的采菌路线多达二三十条。
Initial observations show that at just one entrance in the village, over 40 vehicles and 500 people entered the mountain to pick mushrooms in a single day. Across Cangshan Mountain, there are an estimated 20 to 30 similar foraging routes.
记者调查发现，一些“采菌游”的组织方声称自己是“有资质”的，向游客收取较高费用。
游客向组织方要来“资质”证明，记者看到，原来这是一份登山户外运动技术技能培训合格证书，与活动宣传重点提到的菌类识别、科普讲解等核心服务内容并无关系。
Some organizers claim to be "qualified" and charge high fees, but the so-called qualification presented to tourists is actually a mountaineering and outdoor sports training certificate — unrelated to mushroom identification or educational services.
一位多次参加“采菌游”的游客透露，活动组织方在推销过程中，常常刻意模糊“相关资质”的具体含义，游客很容易被误导。
Frequent participants revealed that organizers often deliberately obscure the meaning of "qualifications", misleading tourists.
网络平台是“采菌游”信息的主要发布渠道。平台推广人员建议，如果没有相关资质，可以通过游客体验的方式来发帖，不仅没有任何门槛，还能付费流量推广，起步价是5000元。
Online platforms are the main channel for promoting these activities. When asked about posting recruitment content, a RedNote promoter suggested that even without qualifications, users could post "tourist experience" content, with no barriers to entry and an optional paid promotion starting at 5,000 yuan.
野生菌暗藏致命风险
专家提醒谨慎采摘
玉溪市68岁的郭大爷每年都上山采菌子，8月初因为误食毒蘑菇险些丧命。经过抢救，他才脱离生命危险。据他回忆，误食的那朵毒蘑菇与可食用的蘑菇几乎没有差别。
The risks are real: A 68-year-old man in Yuxi city nearly died in early August after misidentifying a toxic mushroom. The poisonous mushroom he consumed closely resembled an edible variety, even being difficult for experts to distinguish.
医生介绍，造成郭大爷看走眼的这朵毒蘑菇叫亚稀褶红菇，它与可食用的密褶红菇和稀褶红菇高度相似，就算经验再丰富，也很难将它们区别开来。
我国已发现有660种毒蘑菇，云南一省就超过了300种，其中剧毒的就有20多种。中毒症状也复杂凶险，包括有胃肠炎、急性肝损害、急性肾衰竭等七大类，其中急性肝损害和横纹肌溶解型是主要的致死类型。
China has documented 660 species of poisonous mushrooms, over 300 of which are found in Yunnan province — including more than 20 that are highly toxic. Symptoms of poisoning range from gastroenteritis to acute liver damage, kidney failure, and even death.
毒蘑菇中毒的也不在少数。据统计，2019年到2024年，全国30个省（区、市）共报告毒蘑菇中毒事件2297起，导致6127人中毒，142人死亡。
Nationwide, from 2019 to 2024, 2,297 poisonings due to mushroom consumption were reported, affecting 6,127 people and causing 142 deaths.
野生菌采摘多地蔓延
已对生态构成破坏
专家警示，只顾个人体验，乱采、乱挖野生菌的行为，已对自然生态系统构成了破坏。对还未成熟的幼菇、小菇，能不采就尽量不要采。
即使采摘已经成熟的野生菌，也要注意不要破坏菌子的生长环境，尤其不要踩踏它的生长土壤。采摘完成后，要尽量将菌子生长的土层、落叶等复位。但记者在苍山看到，上山采菌子的游客并没有做到这些。
Experts warn that reckless foraging damages natural ecosystems. Immature mushrooms should not be picked, and foragers should avoid trampling soil and disrupt growth environments. After picking, the surrounding leaf litter and soil ought to be restored — practices rarely seen among tourists on Cangshan Mountain.
记者了解到，一个地方的生长环境遭到破坏后，轻则5至10年之后才能再长出新的野生菌，严重的情况还会导致野生菌种群彻底消失。
If the environment is damaged, it may take five to 10 years for new mushrooms to regrow — if they return at all. In severe cases, local fungal species may disappear entirely.
专家指出，野生菌最大的作用就是分解自然界中最难降解的木质纤维，也就是枯枝败叶等，为菌子和植物的生长也提供水、二氧化碳等。菌子长成以后，也是昆虫、小型哺乳动物的食物来源。如果“一采而光”，可能会进一步导致生物多样性丧失和整个森林生态系统失衡。
Wild mushrooms play a critical ecological role by decomposing woody fibers, such as dead leaves and branches, and providing water and carbon dioxide for plants and other organisms. They also serve as a food source for insects and small mammals. Over-foraging could lead to biodiversity loss and disrupt the entire forest ecosystem.
中国科学院微生物研究所研究员赵瑞琳在接受采访时说，菌子是分解者，缺少了这一环的话，首先森林当中物质不能降解了，另外对植物的保护作用可能就会降低了，植物的抗病性可能就会低一些，森林的功能可能就会降低了。
Zhao Ruilin, a researcher at the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, emphasized: "Mushrooms are decomposers. Without them, material in the forest cannot break down properly, plant disease resistance may decrease, and overall forest function could decline."
调查中记者发现，部分采菌子的游客已经踏进了国家级自然保护区的“禁区”。
Some foragers have even entered restricted areas of the national nature reserve. According to the "Cangshan Mountain Protection Management Regulations":
根据《苍山保护管理条例》：
-
海拔3000米以上为核心区，禁止任何人进入；
-
Areas above 3,000 meters are core zones and off-limits; -
海拔2600米至3000米为缓冲区，禁止开展旅游和生产经营活动； Areas between 2,600 meters and 3,000 meters are buffer zones where tourism and production are prohibited;
-
东坡2600米以下至2200米以上为实验区，开展参观、旅游应当服从管理。 Areas between 2,200 meters and 2,600 meters on the eastern slope are experimental zones where visits must be managed.
随着采菌体验人群日益增多，低海拔区域的野生菌已踪迹难寻，后续到达的体验队伍开始向更高海拔区域搜寻野生菌，完全不顾该区域是否属于自然保护区。
As low-altitude mushrooms become scarce, foraging groups are moving higher, ignoring reserve boundaries.
有关部门需强化资质审查
规范化监管
数据显示，今年6月以来，受“采菌游”火爆影响，大理州日均进山游客超过万人。截至目前，消防部门已累计接处相关救援警情15起，其中大多以迷路走失和意外摔伤为主。
Since June, daily entries to the mountain have exceeded 10,000 visitors. Local fire departments have responded to 15 rescue incidents, mostly involving lost or injured hikers.
针对苍山无序“采菌游”，大理州政府已给予了关注。目前苍山一些主要进山路口已有人员管控，山上重点区域也加强了组织巡查。
The Dali prefectural government, taking note of the disordered mushroom picking, has begun implementing controls at major entry points as well as has increased patrols in key areas.
采菌活动中的一些无序乱象，威胁生态安全。守护“生态游”的初心，需要组织者负起责任，引导规范采菌、保护生态，更需要有关部门强化备案、资质审查和规范化监管，遏制破坏生态的行为，唯有安全与生态并重，才能守护身边的绿水青山。
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