11月26日，香港新界大埔屋邨宏福苑多栋住宅楼发生火灾，造成重大人员伤亡。
高层火灾有哪些特点？如果遇到应该如何逃生？这些常识一定要了解。
Several residential blocks at Wang Fuk Court in Tai Po, Hong Kong, were engulfed by a large fire on Wednesday, resulting in significant casualties. The incident has once again highlighted the unique dangers of high-rise fires and the critical knowledge residents need to protect themselves in such emergencies.
高层火灾如何逃生？
高层建筑火灾荷载大，各类管道竖井多，从火灾调查的实际情况看，往往3分钟左右，烟气就能充满整个空间。
疏散逃生过程中，要用湿毛巾捂住口鼻，以免吸入烟雾，同时用湿棉被包住身体。如果已经有烟雾在蔓延，应当放低体位迅速移动。同时，根据位置判断危险性：
Experts warn that smoke can fill a high-rise building in just minutes. Residents are advised to cover their nose and mouth with a wet towel, stay low to the ground, and move quickly to safety.
▌楼上发生火灾
这种情况危险最小，火在上面，人在下面，火势和浓烟被楼板阻隔。只要从楼梯下楼即可，下楼时不要乘坐电梯。
Experts emphasize that escape decisions depend largely on where the fire originates. If the fire breaks out on an upper floor, residents below face less immediate danger and can evacuate downward using the stairs, but should never use elevators.
▌同楼层发生火灾
这种情况下，需通过看烟雾情况决定逃还是不逃。
我们可开一条门缝，如果门外没有浓烟，就赶紧下楼；如果有烟就回到室内把入户门关好，堵住门缝防烟，等待救援。
If the fire occurs on the same floor, residents should open the door slightly to check conditions. If the corridor is clear, they should leave immediately; if smoke is present, they should stay inside, close the door, seal any gaps, and wait for rescue.
▌身边发生火灾
如果发现室内起火，且火势控制不了，必须迅速逃离。
如果火势把通向入户门的路线封住了，应找一个有外窗的卫生间或房间，关门堵缝，做好防烟，等待救援。
If a fire breaks out inside one's own home and cannot be controlled, immediate evacuation is vital. If flames block the exit, residents should retreat to a room with external windows, close the door, seal gaps, and wait for rescue.
▌楼下发生火灾
这种情况极其危险，很多人就是在这种情况下盲目逃生而不幸丧生。
① 逃与不逃，主要是开门看烟
开一条门缝，如果有大量浓烟涌入，说明走廊和楼梯间充满了浓烟，这时就要退回室内关门防烟等救援；
如果开门走廊里没有烟，但是楼梯间里有烟，仍要退回室内关门等待救援；
如果开门走廊里没有烟，楼梯间也没有烟，可迅速逃离。
Fires on lower floors are particularly dangerous, as many fatalities occur when people enter smoke-filled stairwells. Residents should open the door slightly to assess conditions: if heavy smoke enters, they must stay inside; if the corridor is clear but the stairwell is smoky, they should also remain indoors. Only when both spaces are free of smoke is it safe to evacuate.
② 向上跑，还是向下跑?
自己家里着火：出了门，往下跑。
别人家着火：着火层在自家楼上，往下跑。着火层在自家楼下，楼梯间里面没烟，或烟很小，向下跑；楼梯间里浓烟很大，那就立即回家，堵住房门，等待救援。
Decisions about whether to move upward or downward also depend on the fire's location. If a resident's own unit is burning, they should evacuate downward immediately. If another unit is on fire, residents above should head down at once, while those below should do the same only if the stairwell is clear. If the stairwell is filled with smoke, the safest option is to return home, seal the door, and wait for rescue.
“小火快跑，大火关门”
▌什么情况下“小火快跑”?
自己家里发生火灾，且无法自己扑灭，这时如果火没有挡住逃生路线，要迅速逃离。
别人家里起火，有可能烧到自己家里来，楼道里没有烟雾，要择机跑出去。最好是早点跑。
The principle could be summarized as "small fires: escape quickly; major fires: close the door". Residents should escape quickly if the fire breaks out at home and an exit route is clear, or if a neighboring unit is on fire but the corridor is still smoke-free.
▌什么情况下“大火关门”不跑?
如果在自身未受到火或烟威胁，楼道也没有可燃物，经过判断火不会马上烧进门，门外浓烟也进不了家门的前提下——
① 楼梯间里着火且浓烟不断，这时楼梯间就是个大烟囱，通过楼梯间逃离会更危险，不跑。务必关上房门，用湿毛巾封堵门缝，迅速拨打119等待救援。
② 别人家着火，但经过分析肯定烧不到自己家里来，且毒气也不可能过来，那就不跑，做好防护，等待救援。
在选择躲避位置时，要尽量选择建筑物外侧靠近主要街道并且有可开启外窗的房间，要尽快拨打119，提供尽量清晰具体的信息，可在窗边发出声响或灯光挥舞衣物求援。
During a major fire, they should stay inside and close the door if their unit is not directly threatened and smoke cannot enter, such as when the stairwell is on fire or a neighboring unit is burning but cannot reach their home.
In such cases, residents should choose a room with exterior windows, seal the door with a wet towel, call 119 with clear location details, and signal for help from the window.
火灾自救，要视火灾的情形而定。尽可能早发现火灾，尽可能躲火避烟，最大限度地保证生命安全。
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