以下清单按「话题功能」分组，每组给出 4-6 级同义梯度（普通 → 6.5 → 7+ → 8+），并附真题例句。背完可直接嵌进写作/口语，瞬间抬升 Lexical Resource 档。
上升 / 增长
go up → increase → rise → surge → soar → escalate
例：Global electricity demand soared by 40 % in the decade.
下降 / 减少
go down → decrease → decline → plummet → plunge → slump
例：Coal consumption plummeted after the carbon tax.
稳定 / 波动
stay the same → remain stable → level off → plateau → hover → stagnate
例：House prices plateaued at £250 k for three years.
重要 (adj.)
important → significant → crucial → pivotal → paramount → instrumental
例：Investment is instrumental in achieving net-zero targets.
原因 (n.)
reason → cause → factor → catalyst → determinant → prerequisite
例：Urban sprawl acts as a catalyst for traffic congestion.
结果 (n.)
result → outcome → consequence → repercussion → ramification → by-product
例：The policy had unforeseen ramifications on rural employment.
好处 (n.)
advantage → benefit → merit → upside → boon → dividend
例：Renewable energy is a boon for remote islands.
坏处 (n.)
disadvantage → drawback → downside → pitfall → liability → blemish
例：The main liability is high maintenance cost.
解决 (v.)
solve → deal with → address → alleviate → mitigate → eradicate
例：Green roofs mitigate urban heat islands.
支持 (v.)
support → back → advocate → champion → endorse → espouse
例：NGOs champion a ban on single-use plastics.
反对 (v.)
oppose → object to → refute → rebut → dismiss → denounce
例：Critics rebut the claim that tourism only brings benefits.
程度副词（避免 very）
very big → huge → enormous → colossal → exponential
very small → tiny → minimal → negligible → marginal
例：The error rate is negligible (<0.01 %).
举例
for example → for instance → to illustrate → by way of illustration → to cite an example → as a case in point
例：By way of illustration, Finland’s education system excels without homework.
对比
but → however → nevertheless → nonetheless → whereas → conversely
例：Conversely, remote work reduces commuting stress.
因果
because → since → owing to → on account of → due to the fact that → by virtue of
例：By virtue of its flexibility, online learning appeals to adults.
让步
although → though → even though → notwithstanding → despite the fact that
例：Despite the fact that crypto is volatile, investors flock to it.
递进
also → furthermore → moreover → in addition → what is more → on top of that
例：On top of that, it saves public money.
结论
in conclusion → to sum up → to conclude → ultimately → in the final analysis → all things considered
例：All things considered, sustainable development is non-negotiable.
可能性
maybe → perhaps → possibly → potentially → presumably → conceivably
例：Presumably, the trend will continue into the 2030s.
危险 / 风险
danger → risk → hazard → threat → peril → menace
例：Plastic pollution poses a peril to marine ecosystems.
快速 (adj.)
fast → rapid → swift → abrupt → exponential → meteoric
例：TikTok saw meteoric growth in 2020.
缓慢 (adj.)
slow → gradual → steady → sluggish → incremental → glacial
例：Change has been glacial in traditional sectors.
明显 (adj.)
clear → obvious → evident → apparent → pronounced → conspicuous
例：A pronounced income gap exists between regions.
大约
about → around → approximately → roughly → in the vicinity of → on the order of
例：The cost is on the order of $10 billion.
肯定 / 必然
sure → certain → bound to → destined to → inevitably → inexorably
例：Automation is inexorably reshaping the labour market.
开始 (v.)
start → begin → commence → initiate → embark on
例：The university embarked on a five-year sustainability project.
结束 (v.)
end → finish → conclude → culminate → draw to a close
例：The conference culminated in a joint declaration.
加强 (v.)
strengthen → reinforce → bolster → consolidate → amplify
例：New funding bolstered research capacity.
减弱 (v.)
weaken → undermine → erode → dilute → cripple
例：Inflation eroded purchasing power significantly.
阻止 (v.)
stop → prevent → hinder → impede → thwart
例：Strict laws thwarted the spread of invasive species.
鼓励 (v.)
encourage → motivate → stimulate → spur → incentivise
例：Tax breaks incentivise green investment.
忽视 (v.)
ignore → overlook → neglect → disregard → turn a blind eye to
例：Governments cannot turn a blind eye to climate risks.
批评 (v.)
criticise → blame → condemn → denounce → lambast
例：Media lambasted the lack of transparency.
赞美 (v.)
praise → compliment → applaud → acclaim → extol
例：Critics extolled the film’s visual innovation.
适应 (v.)
adapt → adjust → accommodate → conform → attune
例：Businesses must attune themselves to market shifts.
复杂 (adj.)
complex → complicated → intricate → convoluted → labyrinthine
例：The legal framework is labyrinthine for newcomers.
简单 (adj.)
simple → straightforward → uncomplicated → rudimentary → minimalist
例：A minimalist design enhances user experience.
普通 (adj.)
ordinary → average → mundane → pedestrian → run-of-the-mill
例：The presentation was run-of-the-mill, lacking novelty.
独特 (adj.)
unique → distinctive → singular → unprecedented → sui generis
例：The artist’s style is sui generis in contemporary art.
明显差异
clear difference → stark contrast → sharp disparity → chasm → gulf
例：A gulf exists between urban and rural internet speeds.
变化 (n.)
change → shift → transformation → metamorphosis → sea change
例：Digitalisation brought a sea change in retail.
信号 (n.)
sign → signal → indicator → bellwether → harbinger
例：Rising youth unemployment is a harbinger of social unrest.
证据 (n.)
proof → evidence → testimony → corroboration → smoking gun
例：The email served as the smoking gun in the fraud case.
影响 (n.)
effect → impact → repercussion → ramifications → spill-over effects
例：Spill-over effects of the war disrupted global supply chains.
解决方案 (n.)
solution → answer → remedy → panacea → silver bullet
例：There is no silver bullet for climate change.
障碍 (n.)
obstacle → barrier → hurdle → impediment → stumbling block
例：Lack of funding is the main stumbling block for start-ups.
催化剂 (n.)
stimulus → spur → catalyst → driving force → prime mover
例：Innovation is the prime mover behind economic growth.
转折点 (n.)
turning point → milestone → watershed → crossroads → inflection point
例：The pandemic was a watershed moment for remote work.
共识 (n.)
agreement → consensus → unanimity → accord → meeting of minds
例：There is a meeting of minds on the need for reform.
不确定性 (n.)
uncertainty → doubt → ambiguity → volatility → fog of war
例：The fog of war complicates long-term planning.
背法提示
词多数用于写作 Task 2 和口语 Part 3，每段植入 1-2 个即可。
听读 section 4 遇到harbinger / watershed / spill-over等，直接圈=作者态度信号。
把这几组再啃完，你的同义词库正式冲破 8 分 ceiling，写作口语都能“词汇炫技”而不突兀。祝你 7→8 成功！
