1. near (介词：在...附近)
Is there a good hospital near your school? 你们学校附近有好医院吗？
It's convenient to live near a subway station. 住在地铁站附近很方便。
2. next to (介词：紧挨着)
The pharmacy is next to the supermarket. 药店紧挨着超市。
The boy sitting next to me is very good at math. 坐在我旁边的那个男孩数学很好。
3. by (介词：在...旁边)
She loves reading by the window.
她喜欢在窗边读书。
The waitress stood by the door, waiting for guests.
服务员站在门边等候客人。
4. nearby (形容词/副词：附近的/地)
Her mother lived in a nearby town. 她母亲住在附近一个小镇上。（摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》）
We are looking for a restaurant nearby. 我们正在找附近的一家餐馆。（也见过nearby 做后置定语）
My grandparents live nearby. (副词)
我的祖父母住在附近。
I forgot to bring my wallet, but luckily I found a bank nearby. (副词)
我忘了带钱包，但幸运的是我在附近找到了一家银行。
5. close to (介词短语：离...近)
The cinema is very close to the shopping mall.
电影院离购物中心非常近。
Our school is close to the city center.
我们学校离市中心很近。
6. beside（介词：在...旁边）
Sit here beside me. 坐到我旁边来。
7. in the neighborhood (名词短语：在附近/社区)
There will be a music festival in the neighborhood next month.
下个月我们社区将举办一场音乐节。
Is there a good bike repair shop in the neighborhood?
这附近有好的自行车修理店吗？
Houses in the neighbourhood of Paris are extremely expensive. 巴黎附近一带的住房极其昂贵。