近日，巴基斯坦空军杂志《Second to none（首屈一指）》在网站上发布了其2022年7月刊封面文章《龙到，一个新时代的开始》，讲述了巴基斯坦空军飞行员来中国接装首批6架J-10C战斗机的幕后故事。
谁也没有想到，这个幕后故事中，却涉及到了歼-10C战斗机的大量信息，包括头盔显示器、语音识别、发动机推力等。
下面，我们尽量忠实原文，一段一段翻译，与大家共享。
Earlier in March, a new shape took to the skies over Pakistan. Six J-10Cs, bearing the tail numbers 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106, entered Pakistan via PURPA (waypoint) on the northeastern border with China. Precise and lethal equipped with canards, delta wing design, a soaring 4.5 generation Omni-role, all-weather-capable jet – PAF’s ‘Vigorous Dragon’ had arrived to safeguard the country’s future for years to come.
三月初，巴基斯坦上空出现了一种新景观：六架编号分别为101、102、103、104、105和106的歼-10C战斗机，通过与中国接壤的东北部边境的 PURPA (航路点)进入巴基斯坦。被称作“猛龙”的歼-10C，采用了鸭式布局、三角翼设计，是一款被称作4.5代的多功能战斗机。随着歼-10C的到来，可以保障巴基斯坦未来多年的国家安全。
The scenes were reminiscent of 1968, when six French Mirage fighters, tail numbers ranging from 101 to 106 entered Pakistani airspace. Leading the formation was Wg Cdr MM Alam. Sqn Ldr Hakimullah, Sqn Ldr Farooq F Khan, Sqn Ldr Farooq Umar, Flt Lt Arif Manzoor, and Flt Lt Akhtar Rao, flew at his wings. Fast forward to 2022. Leading the formation of Dragons was OC No 15 Sqn, Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim Shehzada. Wg Cdr Bilal Raza, Sqn Ldr Jibran Rashid, Sqn Ldr Hasan Anees, Sqn Ldr Zeeshan Muhammad, Sqn Ldr Ali Qasim, flew on the wings of their leader.
这一幕让人想起1968年，当时六架法国幻影战斗机，编号从101到106进入巴基斯坦领空。驾机的六名飞行员分别是（人名省略）。时间来到2022年，这一次驾驶“龙”的飞行员分别是（人名省略）。
The formation is on its way to Kamra from Chengdu. Back at PAF Base Minhas, the air is rife with energy. A sense of excitement and pride runs through all, gathered at the occasion to welcome the Dragons. All eyes are glued towards the beginning of the runway to catch the first glance of Dragons about to appear for landing. Assembled on the tarmac of the base is the senior leadership of PAF under its honorable leader, ACM Zaheer Ahmed Baber Sidhu, the CAS PAF. Finally, the historic moment had arrived. First Dragon bearing Serial No 101, flown by Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim appeared on the scene. The six J-10Cs touched down at PAF Base Minhas at Kamra. Senior air officials observing from the tarmac breathed a sigh of relief and applauded the perfect landings.
六机编队从中国成都前往巴基斯坦卡姆拉，当抵达巴基斯坦空军基地Minhas时，现场所有人都充满了兴奋和自豪感，所有的目光都集中在跑道的起点，期待着“龙”即将出现的瞬间。巴基斯坦空军参谋长扎希尔·艾哈迈德·巴贝尔·西杜也在基地的停机坪上等待。历史性的时刻终于到来了，第一架编号101的“龙”，由伊姆蒂亚兹·拉希姆·沙赫扎达(Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim Shahzada) 驾驶出现在现场。6架歼-10C 战斗机在卡姆拉的Minhas基地降落。从停机坪上观察的高级空军官员松了一口气，并为完美的降落鼓掌。
As the aircraft appeared on the tarmac, a water canon salute was presented to the incoming Dragons, a tradition followed to welcome the arrival of new aircraft at a facility. Before Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim could disembark and line up his crew for presentation, he found Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmed Baber Sidhu, climbing the ladder, to greet him. “Does the plane live up to our expectations?” asked the smiling Air Chief. “I’ll have to admit, it is one of the best fighter jets in the world. With all the work we had been doing in China over the months, improving our tactics in the way we operate the platform, I can safely say that the capability that we have brought back with us is truly phenomenal, far better than what we expected, sir,” Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim responded.
当飞机出现在停机坪上时，人们向即将到来的飞龙队敬水炮礼，按照传统欢迎新飞机到达基地。在带队指挥官伊姆蒂亚兹·拉希姆·沙赫扎达(Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim Shahzada)下飞机并安排他的机组人员出席仪式之前，他发现空军参谋长、空军元帅扎希尔·艾哈迈德·巴贝尔·西杜正在爬梯子迎接他。
“这架飞机符合我们的预期吗?”微笑的空军参谋长问道。
“我不得不承认，这是世界上最好的战斗机之一。几个月来，我们在中国所做的一切工作，改进了我们运营平台的方式，我可以有把握地说，我们带回来的能力确实是非凡的，远远超过我们的预期，先生。”伊姆蒂亚兹·拉希姆·沙赫扎达(Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim Shahzada)如是说。
It’s a significant investment, but in defense, nothing comes cheap. The J-10C is a cutting-edge platform, moving the PAF into a new ball game in terms of operational readiness, in terms of the nature of the platform the PAF was acquiring. When the “Second to None” team spoke with ground crews and the pilots, it was fair to say that the J-10C was a step in the right direction, something that the PAF had been working towards for a long time. It was just fantastic to see them arrive, having traveled all the way from China. It was a thing of beauty. Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmed Baber Sidhu, Chief of Air Staff, Pakistan Air Force maintained that the induction of the Dragons highlighted the fact that the investments the air force made in capabilities and in capacity was significant. “The fact that we will be flying the J-10C makes a statement that PAF, has significant defense capability and is willing to do its part in the world, and is willing to meet its obligations,” the Air Chief said during the arrival ceremony of the jets at PAF Base Minhas, where the enthusiasm was contagious.
这是一笔巨大的投资，但在国防方面，没有什么是便宜的。歼-10C是一个前沿平台，从作战准备的角度，从巴基斯坦空军所获得的平台的性质来看，将巴基斯坦空军带入了一个新时代。
巴基斯坦空军杂志《Second to none（首屈一指）》报道小组现场采访了地勤人员和飞行员，他们都客观评价说 J-10C 是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，这是巴基斯坦空军长期以来一直努力的方向。看到他们从中国远道而来，真是太好了，这是一件美妙的事情。巴基斯坦空军参谋长扎希尔·艾哈迈德·巴贝尔·西杜空军元帅坚持认为，“龙”的到来突出表明，空军在能力和数量方面的投资是巨大的。
“我们驾驶歼-10C的事实表明，巴基斯坦空军拥有强大的防御能力，愿意在世界上做出自己的贡献，并愿意履行自己的义务,”空军参谋长在欢迎仪式上表示。
Taming the Dragon
To get trained on J-10Cs and later ferry the Dragons from China, a team of professionals including both pilots and ground crew was shortlisted. Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim Shahzada, who has flown F-16s and Mirages was given the honor of leading the contingent to China in October 2021. His team boasted skilled F-16, JF-17, and Mirage pilots, familiar with Beyond Visual Range (BVR), and had AI exposure. Following strict covid protocols, the team traveled in three groups over a span of three weeks. Gp Capt Azkaar from Project Dragon handled logistics, overseeing departure formalities, flight cancellations due to covid, and preparing backups for dropouts. Upon landing in China, on 20 October, the crews were quarantined in the city of arrival for 14 days. On the second last day of the quarantine, Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim tested positive. The rest were cleared to depart to Chengdu, where they were quarantined for another two weeks. Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim spent, in all, 72 days in quarantine before he could join his teammates who had already started their training. The training was focused specifically on operating the J-10C. “In Chengdu, we were basically starting to learn how to fly this technologically advanced jet, and then we went through all the different mission sets and basic skills,” Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim said. Most of the pilot’s instructions came on the ground, in the classrooms followed by pilots practicing the aircraft’s most unique capabilities in an advanced simulator.
为了接受J-10C 的训练，然后把龙从中国运送过来，一个包括飞行员和地勤人员在内的专业团队入围。曾驾驶过 F-16和幻影战斗机的伊姆蒂亚兹·拉希姆·沙赫扎达(Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim Shahzada)于2021年10月被授予带队指挥官。他的团队拥有熟练操作F-16、JF-17和幻影的飞行员，熟悉超视距(BVR) 和人工智能。按照严格的冠状病毒疾病协议，接机小组在三周的时间里分成三组前往中国。“龙计划”的阿兹卡尔上尉负责后勤工作，监督离境手续，因冠状病毒疾病取消航班，并为返回者准备后援。10月20日，飞机在中国着陆后，机组人员在抵达城市被隔离了14天。隔离的最后一天，带队指挥官的检测结果呈阳性，其余的人被批准前往成都，在那里他们又被隔离了两个星期。带队指挥官总共在隔离中度过了72天，之后才能和已经开始训练的队友们会合。训练的重点是操作歼-10C。“在成都，我们基本上开始学习如何驾驶这种技术先进的喷气式飞机，然后我们通过了所有不同的任务组和基本技能,””带队指挥官说。大多数飞行员的指令都是在地面上进行的，在教室里，飞行员在先进的模拟器中练习飞机最独特的能力。
The language was a major barrier, which the PAF crew overcame with the help of an interpreter. After classes, PAF pilots used to sit down to reconcile information on their own. No time to enjoy and see China. They were trained directly by the original equipment manufacturers (OEM), and by Chinese counterparts with perhaps a few more flying hours under their belts. A few days of theoretical sessions were followed by quizzes. During training, it was crucial that pilots got comfortable executing J-10C maneuvers. Hence, simulator training started in detail, learning avionics, switchology, feel of controls was extremely realistic, engine handling, and the response of controls– allowing to recreate emergencies and procedures in the aircraft that really simulate what it would be like to fly in a real J-10C. Each PAF pilot had to complete the prescribed number of sorties in the simulator as a minimum syllabus requirement, only then they could be allowed in the new jet. Anything they could do in an aircraft they could in the simulator – max rate turns, vertical climbs weapon employment techniques, etc. “A lot of people underestimate the amount of work it takes to become a pilot, and a fighter pilot specifically. A one-hour flight, even in a simulator might mean up to several additional hours of the briefing, gearing up, flight inspections, and debriefings, not to mention the hours spent studying/preparing for each mission,” said Wg Cdr Bilal Raza emphasizes the importance of training. Finally, the day arrived when the crew had the opportunity to have the first look at the aircraft.
语言是一个主要障碍，巴基斯坦空军机组人员在一名翻译的帮助下克服了这一障碍。课后，巴基斯坦空军飞行员习惯于坐下来交流，没时间在中国旅游。他们直接接受了原始设备制造商(OEM)的培训，也接受了中国同行的培训，或许还有几个小时的飞行时间。几天的理论课之后是小测验。在训练中，飞行员熟练地执行歼-10C机动是至关重要的。因此，模拟训练开始于细节，学习航空电子学、开关学，控制的感觉是非常真实的，引擎处理和控制的反应——允许在飞机上重现紧急情况和程序。每个巴基斯坦空军飞行员必须完成模拟器中规定的最低要求的飞行次数，只有这样他们才能被允许乘坐新的喷气式飞机。他们在飞机上可以做的任何事情都可以在模拟器中完成——最大转弯速度、垂直爬升、武器使用技巧等等。“很多人低估了成为一名飞行员所需要的工作量，尤其是战斗机飞行员。即使在模拟器中，一个小时的飞行也可能意味着多达几个小时的简报、装备、飞行检查和汇报，更不用说每次任务的学习/准备时间了。”终于，机组人员有机会第一次看到飞机的那一天到来了。
The PAF crew were in awe of the jet when they first set their eyes on the Dragon. The first thing they noticed was its huge size, slightly different shape, and looks as compared to weapon systems they had already flown. “It was a fantastic feeling and we were in love with the bird at first sight,” Wg Cdr Bilal Raza said. “It’s one of the world’s most advanced fighter aircraft and we’re lucky to be a part of that program in the PAF, and to be at the leading edge of that is a real privilege and real delight,” Wg Cdr Bilal Raza added, enthusiastic to feel how it would handle in the air, and wanting to experience its agility and maneuverability. At Chengdu, it was the job of Chinese instructors to teach PAF pilots how to fly the J-10C from scratch. The Chinese were nervous, at first, fearing the guest crew would not be able to hack it. “This wasn’t like college where we could get through with minimum passing grades. We had to attain almost 100% to qualify in each and every phase, there were no let-ups. We were expected to catch on to material we were taught really quickly, the learning curve had definitely been pretty steep,” Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim recalled. The instructors worked overtime, and gave up a week of Chinese New Year holidays to train PAF pilots – no compromises to achieve minimum standards.
当巴基斯坦空军的机组人员第一次看到“龙”时，他们对这架喷气式飞机充满敬畏。他们首先注意到的是它巨大的体积，略有不同的形状，和他们已经飞过的武器系统相比，看起来也不一样。“这是一种奇妙的感觉，我们对这只鸟一见钟情,”带队指挥官如是说。“它是世界上最先进的战斗机之一，我们很幸运能够参与巴基斯坦空军的这个项目，能够在这个项目中处于领先地位是一种真正的特权，也是一种真正的喜悦,”带队指挥官补充说，他热衷于感受它在空中的操作方式，并希望体验它的灵活性和机动性。在成都，教导巴基斯坦空军飞行员如何从零开始驾驶歼-10C 是中国教官的工作。起初，中国人很紧张，担心巴方飞行员无法胜任。“这里不像大学，我们可以以最低及格分数通过考试。我们必须达到几乎100% 在每个阶段的资格，没有放松。我们被期望能够很快掌握我们所学的知识，学习曲线肯定是相当陡峭的,”带队指挥官回忆道。教官们加班加点，放弃了一周的农历新年假期来训练巴基斯坦空军飞行员。
The First Mission
After all the tedious groundwork – learning about aerodynamics, aircraft systems, navigation, and instrument flying, it was time to get a feel of the jet. PAF crews spent two days climbing into the cockpit, strapping up, and developing equipment familiarization. Each pilot performed ground starts, after start procedures, followed by shut down, slow/medium taxi came later. some of the pilots progressed while the remaining continued on the simulator. “Finally, we had all the gear on, and after months of preparation, it was time to go flying. Of course, a thorough briefing before flight, and supervisor checks were performed so that everything was in order in order before getting airborne.” Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim said. Since the PAF airmen had not flown for a long period and they needed to regain their flying currency. They jumped into K-8s to get used to the Gs, get currency, and understand wind patterns and operating areas. Before stepping foot in the J-10C cockpit, student pilots needed to familiarize themselves with the gear needed to operate the J-10C, in their custom-made G suits to fit perfectly. Last but not the least, the pilots learned to utilize the most technologically advanced piece of equipment, their helmets. The pilot’s Heads-Up Display was directly projected on the visor rather than just at the front of the cockpit. This allowed pilots to easily view key data such as altitude, air speed, and direction and even select multiple targets and shoot. “Since the jet helps us so much, flying becomes second nature.
在所有枯燥乏味的基础工作——学习空气动力学、飞机系统、导航和仪表飞行之后，是时候感受一下喷气式飞机了。巴基斯坦空军机组人员花了两天时间爬进驾驶舱，系好安全带，熟悉设备。每名飞行员执行地面启动，慢速/中速滑行和关机的动作。
一些飞行员掌握快，进入状态慢的继续在模拟器上练习。“最后，我们全副武装，经过几个月的准备，是时候起飞了。当然，在起飞前要进行全面的简报，并进行主管检查，以便在起飞前一切都井然有序。”带队指挥官说。由于巴基斯坦空军飞行员没有飞行很长一段时间，他们需要恢复他们的飞行感觉。于是被安排在K-8教练机上去适应重力加速器，获得飞行感受。在踏入歼-10C 驾驶舱之前，飞行员需要熟悉操作歼-10C 所需的装备，穿着他们定制的飞行套装来完美地适应。最后至关重要的是，飞行员学会了利用最先进的技术设备，包括新型头盔。重要的飞行信息直接投影到飞行员面罩上（头盔显示器），而不是仅仅投射在驾驶舱前部的平显上。这使得飞行员可以很容易地查看关键数据，如高度、空速和方向，甚至选择多个目标和射击。
That way we can focus on all the information that the plane is giving us,” Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim elaborated. “It’s amazing to be in a 4.5 generation semi-stealth fighter, kind of tip of the spear. It’s a heavily weighted aircraft, in terms of combat power, that the PAF brings to the fight,” Sqn Ldr Jibran Rashid said. One part of history was achieved when Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim flew the first solo sortie of the Dragon. “A lot of the challenge was trying to absorb all the information the jet is giving you, operate all the sensors and the systems at the same time, and fly, the feeling was enormous,” the team leader said. All the PAF pilots enjoyed basic handling, and confidence-building maneuvers in advanced handling missions, and in clean and tanked configurations both. This was followed by training in air combat tactics and instructor training for some of the PAF aircrew. The crews were taken aback after engaging afterburner (AB). The kick was bigger than the F-16. “There was an unbelievable amount of thrust when I opened up the afterburner for the first time. The J-10C can produce 29,000 lb thrust, which is 10,000 lbs excess thrust than the JF-17 produces, and as much power as two and a half Mirages put together. A single Mirage produces 14,000 lb thrust,” Sqn Ldr Jibran Rashid said.
“这样我们就可以专注于飞机提供给我们的所有信息。”带队指挥官说。
“驾驶这样一款4.5代半隐形战斗机感觉很神奇，有点像矛尖。这是一架重型飞机，将带给巴基斯坦巨大的战斗力。”中士 Ldr Jibran Rashid 说。
在启动加力燃烧器(AB)后，机组人员被吓了一跳。推力比 F-16还大。
“当我第一次打开加力燃烧器时，产生了难以置信的推力。歼-10C 可以产生29,000磅的推力，比JF-17多出10,000磅的推力，相当于两架半幻影战斗机的总和。一架幻影可以产生14,000磅的推力。”带队指挥官如是说。
The speed increment was so fast that post-take-off procedures had to be executed in rapid succession to remain with the aircraft. Once in the air, handling the jet was not the most difficult aspect, Wg Cdr Bilal Raza said adding, “It is actually a really easy plane to fly, the aircraft comes with Voice Recognition Capability which makes your life much easy.” Nonetheless, the pilots flew at 26,000 ft, did general steep turns, building up Gs gradually, performed straight in approach, accessed information through voice commands such as requesting fuel state, hands-on throttle and stick (HOTAS) on most actions, instrument approach, close pattern, low go, and deploying drag shoot and making a full stop landing comfortably within 3, 500 to 4, 000 ft on a 7,500 ft runway. “It was historic and emotional for Pakistanis and Chinese both when we landed safely for the first time. We were presented with bouquets,” Wg Cdr Bilal Raza said.
速度增加如此之快，以至于起飞后的程序必须迅速连续执行，才能留在飞机上。一旦在空中，操纵飞机并不是最困难的方面，带队指挥官补充说，“这实际上是一个非常容易飞行的飞机，该飞机配备语音识别能力，使你的操作非常容易。”尽管如此，飞行员在26,000英尺的高度飞行，进行一般的急转弯，逐渐增加重力加速度，直接进近，通过语音指令获取信息，比如请求燃油状态，手动油门和大多数动作(HOTAS)，仪表进近，近距离模式，低空飞行，展开阻力射击，在3500至4000英尺的7500英尺跑道上舒适地完全滑行着陆。“当我们第一次安全着陆时，对巴基斯坦人和中国人来说都是历史性的和感人的。我们收到了花束。”
Dragons Ferry
After six months of trials and tribulations, it was time to ferry the first batch of six J-10C Dragons, back home. From here on, life would never be the same. The crew set down to plan the ferry mission in the minutest details. They needed answers to all the questions, what selecting diversionary airfields, protocols in case of emergency, what is the enroute weather like, etc. Crossing over the Karakorum range was no easy job, it needed perfect and flawless planning which the crew did. Finally, came the ferry day. The aircraft was topped up with required fuel and three external tanks each was fitted to the ferry aircraft. Six Dragons under Wg Cdr Imtiaz Rahim started up and headed for the take-off point. After Burners on, six aircraft started to roll on the Chengdu runway, off to motherland. Getting airborne, the leader looked around to see if the rest of his section were with him. Climbed up to cruise height and followed the planned route.
经过六个月的考验和磨难，是时候把第一批六架歼-10C“龙”运回家了。从现在开始，生活就不一样了。飞行员们开始详细计划返程任务。他们需要知道所有问题的答案，如何选择转场的机场，紧急情况下的协议，途中的天气如何等等。穿越喀喇昆仑山脉不是一件容易的事，需要飞行们完美无缺的计划。终于，返程来了。飞机加满了所需的燃料，还各安装了三个外部油箱。六条龙在带队指挥官的带领下起飞，驶向巴基斯坦。起飞后，领队环顾四周，看看其他人是否和他在一起。爬到巡航高度，按照计划的路线行驶。
“It was a proud day, a proud moment for all of us. We knew that we were making history, the feeling was nostalgic. The ferry was eventless, and the weather was good. As we entered the Karakorums we were amazed to see the beauty of the landscape. We flew abreast of the K-2, towering 28000 feet plus the second highest peak in the world. As soon as the six J-10C jets entered Pakistani air space, an escort F-16 from No 9 Sqn ‘Griffins’, joined the formation of the Dragons. “Welcome back boys,” the pilot of the Fighting Falcon, call sign Griffin-1 said over the radio. Bit of a homecoming for the PAF. As soon as we established radio contact with Pakistani ATC radar we were greeted enthusiastically. “Dragon-1, welcome home,” replied the ground controller on the radio. The six new jets, tail numbered 101 to 106, landed at PAF Base Minhas at Kamra, the material and logistical base of the new No 15 Sqn. The PAF crews had achieved a milestone that very few others could. Tremendous investment had been made at Kamra, which has been a key base for many years. A fantastic new chapter in the country’s military capabilities and history. What it said in many ways is that after the induction of this state-of-the-art, modern, and potent weapons system, the PAF is now operating in a much stronger and more efficient manner, thanks to these Dragons.
这是值得骄傲的一天，值得我们所有人骄傲的时刻。我们知道我们在创造历史，这种感觉很怀旧。返程平安无事，天气也很好。当我们进入喀喇昆仑时，我们惊奇地看到了这里的美景。我们并驾齐驱，登上了海拔28000英尺的K-2高峰，还有世界上第二高的山峰。六架歼-10C 战斗机一进入巴基斯坦领空，一架来自“格里芬斯“号9中队的F-16护航战斗机就加入了“龙”的编队。
“欢迎回来，孩子们，”战鹰的飞行员，呼号格里芬-1通过无线电说。对巴基斯坦空军来说有点像回家了。我们一与巴基斯坦空中交通管制雷达建立无线电联系，就受到了热烈的欢迎。
“龙一号，欢迎回家,”地面控制员在无线电中回答。这6架尾部编号为101至106的新型喷气式飞机降落在卡拉姆的巴基斯坦空军基地Minhas，这里是新型第15空军基地的物资和后勤基地。巴基斯坦空军机组人员取得了其他人很少能够取得的里程碑式的成就。多年来，卡拉姆一直是一个关键基地。这是这个国家军事实力和历史的新篇章。它在许多方面所说的是，在引进了这种最先进、现代和强大的武器系统之后，巴基斯坦武装部队现在正以一种更强大和更有效的方式运作，这要感谢这些“龙”。
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