【科创先锋/Innovation Pioneer】二维码跨境支付再进一步

来自德国的留学生理查德在杭州西湖边一家商铺使用支付宝扫码支付。（新华社发）

Richard, an international student from Germany, made a payment by scanning the QR code via Alipay at a store near the West Lake in Hangzhou. (Photo/ Xinhua News Agency)

在近日举行的第十四届中国支付清算论坛上，中国人民银行副行长陆磊透露，跨境二维码支付互联互通取得重要进展。跨境二维码统一网关已于7月底上线试运行。

At the recently held 14th China Payment and Clearing Forum, Lu Lei, Vice Governor of the People's Bank of China, revealed that significant progress has been made in the interconnection of cross-border QR code payments. The unified gateway for cross-border QR code payments was launched for trial operation at the end of July.

据了解，统一网关是在中国人民银行指导下建设的跨境支付基础设施，支持境内外机构通过“一点对接”开展跨境二维码支付合作。业内专家认为，统一网关上线试运行，是中国跨境支付互联互通迈出的关键一步。这将进一步提高跨境支付效率，满足境内外用户高效、便捷的移动支付需求。接下来，将支持境内外参与机构通过统一网关开展跨境支付合作，加快推进跨境二维码支付互联互通，提升跨境支付体验。

It is understood that the unified gateway is a cross-border payment infrastructure built under the guidance of the People's Bank of China, supporting domestic and foreign institutions to carry out cross-border QR code payment cooperation through "one-point connection". Industry experts believe that the launch of the unified gateway for trial operation marks a key step in the interconnection of China's cross-border payments. This will further improve the efficiency of cross-border payments and meet the needs of domestic and foreign users for efficient and convenient mobile payments. Going forward, support will be provided for domestic and foreign participating institutions to conduct cross-border payment cooperation through the unified gateway, accelerating the advancement of cross-border QR code payment interconnection and enhancing the cross-border payment experience.

统一网关提升效率

The Unified Gateway Improves Efficiency

据了解，统一网关为境内外参与机构提供统一技术接口、跨境交易信息转接分发、交易监测与分析等服务，支持参与机构为境内外用户提供更加高效、便捷、安全的跨境二维码支付服务。

It is understood that the Unified Gateway provides domestic and foreign participating institutions with services such as unified technical interfaces, cross-border transaction information transfer and distribution, and transaction monitoring and analysis, enabling these institutions to offer more efficient, convenient and secure cross-border QR code payment services to domestic and foreign users.

近年来，中国人民银行积极部署推进支付领域便利化和互联互通工作，支付市场的包容性和便利性显著提高，但支付互联互通方面还存在一些不足。

In recent years, the People's Bank of China has actively arranged and advanced the work of facilitating and interconnecting the payment field. The inclusiveness and convenience of the payment market have been significantly enhanced, yet there are still some shortcomings in payment interconnection.

“如在跨境二维码支付方面，由于境内二维码标准不统一，二维码支付业务的商业模式、运营管理差异大，‘出海’之后难以实现互联互通。”招联首席研究员董希淼表示，境外机构与我国开展跨境互联互通合作难度较大，影响合作意愿。境内清算机构、支付机构等参与主体采用两两对接模式，分别与境外机构开展跨境二维码支付业务合作，部分境内机构为争夺跨境合作机会存在无序竞争现象，难以形成“出海”合力。此外，不同国家和地区的金融法律与监管标准差异较大，对移动支付的许可和准入流程不一，技术规则和标准不同，也不利于境内机构“出海”展业。

"For instance, in cross-border QR code payments, due to the lack of unified QR code standards in China, there are significant differences in the business models and operation management of QR code payment services. This makes it difficult to achieve interconnection when these services 'go global'," said Dong Ximiao, Chief Researcher at China Merchants Union Consumer Finance Company. He noted that foreign institutions face great difficulties in conducting cross-border interconnection cooperation with Chinese entities, which affects their willingness to cooperate. Domestic participants such as clearing institutions and payment institutions adopt a pairwise connection model, collaborating with foreign institutions on cross-border QR code payment services respectively. Some domestic institutions engage in unordered competition to secure cross-border cooperation opportunities, making it hard to form a cohesive force for "going global". Furthermore, there are substantial differences in financial laws and regulatory standards across different countries and regions, along with variations in licensing and access procedures for mobile payments, as well as differences in technical rules and standards. All these factors are unfavorable for domestic institutions to expand their business overseas.

在此背景下，中国人民银行指导中国支付清算协会联合中国银联建设统一网关，在国家层面形成了跨境二维码支付服务的对外统一接口。

Against this backdrop, under the guidance of the People's Bank of China, the Payment & Clearing Association of China has joined hands with China UnionPay to build a unified gateway, establishing a unified external interface for cross-border QR code payment services at the national level.

中国社会科学院金融研究所支付清算研究中心主任杨涛介绍，统一网关支持境内外机构通过“一点对接”开展跨境二维码支付业务合作，有利于降低机构间的系统对接成本，减少多次改造的资源浪费。同时，推动形成统一的境外钱包机构合作标准，提升境外钱包引入效率和使用体验，同时促进跨境二维码支付市场的公平竞争和良性发展。

Yang Tao, Director of the Payment and Clearing Research Center at the Institute of Finance, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, stated that the Unified Gateway supports domestic and foreign institutions in conducting cross-border QR code payment business cooperation through "one-point connection". This is conducive to reducing the system connection costs between institutions and minimizing the waste of resources caused by repeated system transformations. At the same time, it promotes the formation of unified cooperation standards for overseas e-wallet institutions, enhances the efficiency of introducing overseas e-wallets and the user experience of such wallets, and meanwhile facilitates fair competition and sound development in the cross-border QR code payment market.

“统一网关还可协调推动境内机构开放受理环境，有利于进一步扩大境外钱包的境内受理面。”杨涛表示，统一网关将建立涵盖“外包内用”“内包外用”的统一信息接口，推动实现对跨境二维码支付业务的统一管理，支持参与机构为境内外用户提供更加安全、可靠的支付服务。

"The Unified Gateway can also coordinate and promote domestic institutions to open their acceptance environments, which is conducive to further expanding the domestic acceptance scope of overseas e-wallets," Yang Tao said. He added that the Unified Gateway will establish a unified information interface covering both "overseas services used domestically" and "domestic services used overseas," promote the realization of unified management of cross-border QR code payment businesses, and support participating institutions in providing safer and more reliable payment services to domestic and foreign users.

据相关部门统计，目前，跨境二维码统一网关已与多家境内外参与机构合作，主要包括中国银联、网联清算公司、银联国际、支付宝、财付通、Alipay Connect、Tenpay Global、DBS PayLah!、Touch'n Go、Kbank、支付宝香港、微信香港、MPay澳门钱包等，支持新加坡、马来西亚、泰国以及中国香港、中国澳门等国家和地区的钱包到中国境内的商户受理使用。

According to statistics from relevant authorities, at present, the Unified Gateway for Cross-Border QR Code Payments has collaborated with a number of domestic and foreign participating institutions. These institutions mainly include China UnionPay, NetsUnion Clearing Corporation, UnionPay International, Alipay, Tenpay, Alipay Connect, Tenpay Global, DBS PayLah!, Touch'n Go, Kbank, Alipay Hong Kong, WeChat Pay Hong Kong, and MPay Macau Wallet. The gateway supports e-wallets from countries and regions such as Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, as well as China's Hong Kong and Macau, enabling them to be accepted and used at merchant locations within the Chinese mainland.

截至9月11日，统一网关办理业务198.1万笔，金额4.27亿元。记者了解到，预计后续还将持续扩大参与机构规模和跨境支付互联互通范围，支持更多符合要求的机构接入开展跨境二维码支付业务。

As of September 11, the Unified Gateway has processed 1.981 million transactions with a total value of 427 million yuan. The reporter learned that it is expected that the scale of participating institutions and the scope of cross-border payment interconnection will continue to expand in the future, supporting more qualified institutions to connect and carry out cross-border QR code payment business.

优先支持“外包内用”

Priority support will be given to "overseas services used domestically"

据了解，统一网关相关建设工作自2025年初全面展开，7月30日统一网关正式投产上线，优先支持“外包内用”业务，并向参与机构发布了统一网关业务规则和技术规范。

It is understood that the relevant construction work of the Unified Gateway has been fully launched since the beginning of 2025. The Unified Gateway was officially put into production and launched on July 30, giving priority to supporting the business of "overseas services used domestically" and releasing the business rules and technical specifications of the Unified Gateway to participating institutions.

杨涛介绍，根据已发布的《跨境二维码统一网关业务规则（试行）》，钱包机构、收单机构、金融基础设施（包括境内清算机构、境外国家金融基础设施）、境外参与机构合作方等符合条件的市场机构均可申请成为统一网关的参与机构，在完成机构准入、联调测试、生产验证以及协议签约后，可接入统一网关开展业务。

Yang Tao introduced that in accordance with the released Unified Gateway Business Rules for Cross-Border QR Code Payments (Trial Implementation), eligible market institutions including wallet institutions, acquirer institutions, financial infrastructure (covering domestic clearing institutions and overseas national financial infrastructure), and partners of overseas participating institutions may apply to become participating institutions of the Unified Gateway. After completing institutional access approval, joint debugging and testing, production verification, and agreement signing, they can connect to the Unified Gateway to conduct business.

在第十四届中国支付清算论坛上，腾讯宣布将通过统一网关进一步开放微信支付“外包内用”服务，支持更多境外钱包在中国境内通过微信支付二维码支付。9月17日，蚂蚁集团宣布，旗下支付宝和蚂蚁国际成为第一批参与统一网关业务试点的机构。7月底，蚂蚁集团“外包内用”业务已随统一网关成功上线试运行。

At the 14th China Payment and Clearing Forum, Tencent announced that it will further open WeChat Pay's "overseas services used domestically" service through the Unified Gateway, enabling more overseas e-wallets to make payments via WeChat Pay QR codes within the Chinese mainland. On September 17, Ant Group announced that its Alipay and Ant International have become among the first batch of institutions to participate in the pilot program of the Unified Gateway business. At the end of July, Ant Group's "overseas services used domestically" business was successfully launched for trial operation along with the Unified Gateway.

腾讯公司副总裁、财付通总经理郑浩剑表示，公司将全力参与“跨境二维码统一网关”建设，在近年来微信支付持续升级“外卡内绑”“外包内用”服务的基础上，通过“跨境二维码统一网关”接入更多境外钱包，进一步提升跨境支付效率与体验。蚂蚁集团CEO韩歆毅表示，成为跨境统一网关首批试点机构不仅是技术上的突破，更是生态协同的成果。未来将继续加大投入，积极为入境支付便利化贡献力量。

Zheng Haojian, Vice President of Tencent and General Manager of Tenpay, stated that the company will fully participate in the construction of the "Unified Gateway for Cross-Border QR Code Payments". On the basis of WeChat Pay's continuous upgrading of "overseas card binding domestically" and "overseas services used domestically" services in recent years, it will connect more overseas e-wallets through the "Unified Gateway for Cross-Border QR Code Payments" to further improve the efficiency and experience of cross-border payments. Han Xinyi, CEO of Ant Group, said that becoming one of the first batch of pilot institutions for the cross-border unified gateway is not only a technological breakthrough, but also a result of ecological collaboration. In the future, Ant Group will continue to increase investment and actively contribute to the facilitation of inbound payments.

杨涛表示，以二维码支付为代表的移动支付是我国的“数字名片”，此次推出统一网关是跨境支付互联互通的重要探索，有利于降低跨境移动支付对接难度，让扫码支付变得更简单。在此期间，行业机构积极响应，通过不断优化“外卡内绑”“外包内用”等跨境支付服务，构建了对外无缝对接境外钱包及银行机构、对内深度融入广大商户日常经营的双向桥梁。

Yang Tao stated that mobile payment represented by QR code payment is China's "digital business card". The launch of the Unified Gateway this time is an important exploration in the interconnection of cross-border payments, which is conducive to reducing the difficulty of connecting cross-border mobile payments and making QR code payment simpler. During this period, industry institutions have responded positively: by continuously optimizing cross-border payment services such as "overseas card binding domestically" and "overseas services used domestically", they have built a two-way bridge that seamlessly connects with overseas e-wallet and banking institutions externally, and deeply integrates into the daily operations of a large number of merchants internally.

提升境内外用户体验

Enhance the experience for domestic and foreign users

“统一网关就像一个‘翻译员’和‘调度员’，通过技术对接和业务整合，有助于实现不同国家二维码支付系统的互联互通。”董希淼表示，我国作为全球二维码应用第一大市场，在全球二维码支付市场占比达70%以上，因此更需要建设统一网关，在国家层面形成跨境二维码支付服务的对外统一接口，支持境内外机构接入后开展“外包内用”“内包外用”等业务，处理二维码主扫和被扫模式下的交易。

"The Unified Gateway is like an 'interpreter' and 'dispatcher'. Through technical connection and business integration, it helps realize the interconnection of QR code payment systems in different countries," said Dong Ximiao. He added that as the world's largest market for QR code applications, China accounts for over 70% of the global QR code payment market. Therefore, it is even more necessary to build a unified gateway to form a unified external interface for cross-border QR code payment services at the national level. This gateway supports domestic and foreign institutions to carry out businesses such as "overseas services used domestically" and "domestic services used overseas" after access, and processes transactions under both the QR code active scanning mode and passive scanning mode.

在业内专家看来，统一网关有助于提升境内外用户体验。董希淼认为，统一网关推动跨境支付互联互通，协调推动境内机构开放受理环境，有利于进一步扩大境外钱包的境内受理面，提升境外钱包引入效率和使用体验，有助于提高境外人士来华支付便利性。同时，境内人士到境外留学、旅游，无需大量换汇或携带过多现金。无论是境内还是境外消费者，都可以直接使用熟悉的本国电子钱包在对方国家扫码支付。

In the view of industry experts, the Unified Gateway helps enhance the experience for domestic and foreign users. Dong Ximiao believes that the Unified Gateway promotes the interconnection of cross-border payments and coordinates to drive domestic institutions to open their acceptance environments. This is conducive to further expanding the domestic acceptance scope of overseas e-wallets, improving the efficiency of introducing overseas e-wallets and their user experience, and helping to enhance the payment convenience for foreigners coming to China. At the same time, domestic people do not need to exchange a large amount of foreign currency or carry too much cash when studying or traveling abroad. Whether they are domestic or foreign consumers, they can directly use their familiar local e-wallets to make QR code payments in the other country.

“从用户角度来看，体验是顺畅的。”杨涛表示，一方面，统一网关为境内外机构提供跨境交易信息转接分发等服务，不参与资金划拨处理，不直接向钱包用户和商户提供服务。另一方面，统一网关系统支持对交易信息转接的实时处理，经前期联调测试和试运行，通过统一网关开展的跨境支付业务高效有序，基本做到用户端无感。

"From the user's perspective, the experience is smooth," Yang Tao said. On one hand, the Unified Gateway provides services such as cross-border transaction information transfer and distribution for domestic and foreign institutions, but it does not participate in fund transfer processing nor directly provide services to e-wallet users and merchants. On the other hand, the Unified Gateway system supports real-time processing of transaction information transfer. After previous joint debugging, testing, and trial operation, the cross-border payment business conducted through the Unified Gateway is efficient and orderly, and basically achieves a "seamless experience" on the user side.

统一网关上线后，安全如何保障？杨涛介绍，统一网关的建设对标国际前沿标准，在业务合规方面，参与机构需根据统一网关规则履行KYC（了解你的客户）、“三反”（反洗钱、反恐怖融资、反逃税）、实时风险监控及交易信息报送等尽职义务，建立多层次的安全防护体系，确保跨境交易合法合规、风险可控。

How is security ensured after the launch of the Unified Gateway? Yang Tao introduced that the construction of the Unified Gateway is aligned with cutting-edge international standards. In terms of business compliance, participating institutions are required to fulfill due diligence obligations in accordance with the rules of the Unified Gateway, including KYC (Know Your Customer), "three anti-measures" (anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing, anti-tax evasion), real-time risk monitoring, and transaction information reporting. They must also establish a multi-level security protection system to ensure that cross-border transactions are legally compliant and risks are controllable.

在信息安全方面，中国支付清算协会作为统一网关运营机构，根据所适用的法律法规和监管要求，履行统一网关业务信息保护及数据安全义务。参与机构按照统一网关业务规则，需建立必要的信息安全、网络安全和数据安全管理机制，妥善保护和处理统一网关业务中的敏感数据和个人信息。

In terms of information security, as the operator of the Unified Gateway, the Payment & Clearing Association of China fulfills the obligations of business information protection and data security for the Unified Gateway in accordance with applicable laws, regulations and regulatory requirements. In accordance with the business rules of the Unified Gateway, participating institutions are required to establish necessary management mechanisms for information security, cybersecurity and data security, and properly protect and handle sensitive data and personal information in the Unified Gateway business.

在系统安全方面，统一网关采用两地多中心部署，采用多活接入、灵活扩容的形式，具备高并发能力、高自主可控性和应用故障自动恢复功能。统一网关还与参与机构共同制定跨机构的整体应急响应预案，明确在链路中断、参与机构系统故障等情况下的协同处理流程，能够有效保障极端情况下的系统安全及业务连续性。

In terms of system security, the Unified Gateway adopts a "two-location, multi-center" deployment model, featuring multi-active access and flexible capacity expansion. It is equipped with high concurrency capability, high independent controllability, and an automatic application fault recovery function. Additionally, the Unified Gateway and participating institutions have jointly formulated an inter-institutional overall emergency response plan, which clarifies the collaborative handling procedures in scenarios such as link interruptions and system failures of participating institutions. This effectively ensures system security and business continuity under extreme circumstances.

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