前言
工业自动化领域，组态软件作为人机交互的核心工具，承担着数据采集、过程监控和设备控制等重要功能。其中管道设计模块作为流程工业的视觉化基础，其动态建模能力直接影响系统的实用性和用户体验。
本文将推荐一个基于WPF开发的管道设计器，通过创新的动态生成算法实现了管道的实时绘制与交互设计，为组态软件开发提供可复用的技术方案。
项目介绍
传统方案多采用静态图像拼接或预设路径模板，存在灵活性差、开发效率低等问题。项目采用WPF的矢量绘图引擎，通过自定义的路径生成算法，实现了管道的动态建模与实时交互。
项目功能
核心功能模块包含三大交互场景：
路径创建：用户首次点击画布确定起点，移动鼠标时实时生成贝塞尔曲线管道，通过插值算法保证曲线平滑度
节点固定：二次点击确认转折点，系统自动优化路径角度并固定当前段管道
设计终止：右键菜单提供结束设计选项，支持导出SVG格式矢量图或生成设计数据文件
交互流程设计遵循"所见即所得"原则，通过事件驱动机制实现：
-
鼠标左键：记录坐标点并触发路径计算
-
鼠标移动：实时更新管道末端位置
-
鼠标右键：弹出操作菜单
-
键盘快捷键：支持撤销/重做操作
项目特点
动态建模能力：采用增量式路径生成算法，支持任意转折点的实时添加
视觉优化处理：内置抗锯齿渲染和自适应线宽调整，确保不同分辨率下的显示效果
数据驱动设计：管道属性（直径、颜色、流向）与业务数据解耦，便于后期扩展
跨平台潜力：WPF的跨平台方案（如Avalonia）移植可行性已验证
项目代码
PipeRender的类，核心作用
根据一组管道节点（PipeLine）的坐标信息，动态生成一条具有真实工业外观的、可平滑拐弯的管道矢量图形（PathGeometry），并将其渲染到 WPF 界面中。
public classPipeRender
{
PipeLine Pipe { get; set; }
public PipeRender(PipeLine pipeLine)
{
this.Pipe = pipeLine;
}
staticint SpAngleMin = 5;
staticint SpAngleMax = 175;
public PathGeometry Render(System.Windows.Controls.Grid control, System.Windows.Controls.Grid tar=null)
{
control.Children.Clear();
using (System.Drawing.Graphics graphics = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(new System.Drawing.Bitmap(1, 1)))
{
for (int i = 1; i < Pipe.Count; i++)
{
if (Pipe[i].EndPoint.X == Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X && Pipe[i].EndPoint.Y == Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y)
{ returnnull; }
double pipeLen = CalcTools.Distance(Pipe[i].EndPoint.X, Pipe[i].EndPoint.Y, Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X, Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y);
//先沿水平方向生成一个管道
//左上
Pipe[i].CalcPoints[0] = new System.Drawing.PointF((float)Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X, (float)(Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y - Pipe.PipeDiameter / 2));
//右上
Pipe[i].CalcPoints[1] = new System.Drawing.PointF((float)(Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X + pipeLen), (float)(Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y - Pipe.PipeDiameter / 2));
//左下
Pipe[i].CalcPoints[2] = new System.Drawing.PointF((float)Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X, (float)(Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y + Pipe.PipeDiameter / 2));
//右下
Pipe[i].CalcPoints[3] = new System.Drawing.PointF((float)(Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X + pipeLen), (float)(Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y + Pipe.PipeDiameter / 2));
double pipeRotageAngle = CalcTools.Angle(new System.Windows.Point(Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X, Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y)
, new System.Windows.Point(Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X + 100, Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y)
, new System.Windows.Point(Pipe[i].EndPoint.X, Pipe[i].EndPoint.Y));
CalcTools.VectorClockDirection pipeDir = CalcTools.VectorClockDirectionCalc(new System.Windows.Point(Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X + 100, Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y)
, new System.Windows.Point(Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X, Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y)
, new System.Windows.Point(Pipe[i].EndPoint.X, Pipe[i].EndPoint.Y));
pipeRotageAngle = (pipeDir == CalcTools.VectorClockDirection.Clockwise ? pipeRotageAngle : -pipeRotageAngle);
//将水平管道旋转到实际的角度
graphics.TranslateTransform((float)Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X, (float)Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y);
graphics.RotateTransform((float)pipeRotageAngle);//旋转角度
graphics.TranslateTransform(-(float)Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.X, -(float)Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint.Y);
graphics.Transform.TransformPoints(Pipe[i].CalcPoints);
graphics.ResetTransform();
}
}
for (int i = 1; i < Pipe.Count; i++)
{
if (i < Pipe.Count - 1)
{
//同心圆的圆心
Pipe[i].Angle = CalcTools.Angle(Pipe[i].EndPoint, Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint, Pipe[i + 1].EndPoint);
Pipe[i].ClockDirection = CalcTools.VectorClockDirectionCalc(Pipe[i - 1].EndPoint, Pipe[i].EndPoint, Pipe[i + 1].EndPoint);
System.Windows.Point CircleCenterPoint = new System.Windows.Point();
Pipe[i].SmoothConnect = true;
Pipe[i].Aviable = true;
if (SpAngleMin < Pipe[i].Angle && Pipe[i].Angle <= SpAngleMax)
{
//管道的交点
System.Windows.Point Intersection1 = CalcTools.GetIntersection5_175(Pipe[i].CalcPoints[0], Pipe[i].CalcPoints[1], Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[0], Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[1]);
System.Windows.Point Intersection2 = CalcTools.GetIntersection5_175(Pipe[i].CalcPoints[2], Pipe[i].CalcPoints[3], Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[2], Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[3]);
Pipe[i].Intersection1 = Intersection1;
Pipe[i].Intersection2 = Intersection2;
//计算同心圆的圆心
float per = 1.5f;
per = per * (float)(Pipe[i].Angle / 180);
if (Pipe[i].ClockDirection == CalcTools.VectorClockDirection.Clockwise)
{
CircleCenterPoint.X = Intersection1.X + (Intersection1.X - Intersection2.X) * per;
CircleCenterPoint.Y = Intersection1.Y + (Intersection1.Y - Intersection2.Y) * per;
}
else
{
CircleCenterPoint.X = Intersection2.X + (Intersection2.X - Intersection1.X) * per;
CircleCenterPoint.Y = Intersection2.Y + (Intersection2.Y - Intersection1.Y) * per;
}
Pipe[i].P11 = CalcTools.LinePointProjection(Pipe[i].CalcPoints[0], Pipe[i].CalcPoints[1], CircleCenterPoint);//前一根管道
Pipe[i].P12 = CalcTools.LinePointProjection(Pipe[i].CalcPoints[2], Pipe[i].CalcPoints[3], CircleCenterPoint);//前一根管道
Pipe[i].P21 = CalcTools.LinePointProjection(Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[0], Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[1], CircleCenterPoint);//后一根管道
Pipe[i].P22 = CalcTools.LinePointProjection(Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[2], Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[3], CircleCenterPoint);//后一根管道
//管道长度不够需要延长
if (Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[0].X < Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[1].X && Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[1].X < Pipe[i].P21.X)
{
Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[1] = CalcTools.WinPoint2DrawPointF(Pipe[i].P21);
Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[3] = CalcTools.WinPoint2DrawPointF(Pipe[i].P22);
Pipe[i + 1].EndPoint = new Point(Pipe[i].P21.X + (Pipe[i].P22.X - Pipe[i].P21.X) / 2
, Pipe[i].P21.Y + (Pipe[i].P22.Y - Pipe[i].P21.Y) / 2);
}
elseif (Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[0].X > Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[1].X && Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[1].X > Pipe[i].P21.X)
{
Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[1] = CalcTools.WinPoint2DrawPointF(Pipe[i].P21);
Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[3] = CalcTools.WinPoint2DrawPointF(Pipe[i].P22);
Pipe[i + 1].EndPoint = new Point(Pipe[i].P21.X + (Pipe[i].P22.X - Pipe[i].P21.X) / 2
, Pipe[i].P21.Y + (Pipe[i].P22.Y - Pipe[i].P21.Y) / 2);
}
//计算同心圆的半径
Pipe[i].Diameter1 = CalcTools.Distance(CircleCenterPoint.X, CircleCenterPoint.Y, Pipe[i].P11.X, Pipe[i].P11.Y);
Pipe[i].Diameter2 = CalcTools.Distance(CircleCenterPoint.X, CircleCenterPoint.Y, Pipe[i].P12.X, Pipe[i].P12.Y);
Pipe[i].CircleCenterPoint = new Point(CircleCenterPoint.X, CircleCenterPoint.Y);
}
elseif (Pipe[i].Angle > SpAngleMax)
{
Pipe[i].Intersection1 = CalcTools.GetIntersection5_175(Pipe[i].CalcPoints[0], Pipe[i].CalcPoints[1], Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[0], Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[1]);
Pipe[i].Intersection2 = CalcTools.GetIntersection5_175(Pipe[i].CalcPoints[2], Pipe[i].CalcPoints[3], Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[2], Pipe[i + 1].CalcPoints[3]);
Pipe[i].SmoothConnect = false;
}
elseif (Pipe[i].Angle <= SpAngleMin)
{
Pipe[i].Aviable = false;
returnnull;
}
}
}
if (this.Pipe.Count <= 1)
{ returnnull; }
PathGeometry pathGeometryF = new PathGeometry();
PathFigure pathFigureF = new PathFigure();
pathFigureF.StartPoint = new Point(Pipe[1].CalcPoints[0].X, Pipe[1].CalcPoints[0].Y);
for (int i = 1; i < Pipe.Count - 1; i++)
{
PipeEndPoint pipeEnd = Pipe[i];
if (pipeEnd.Aviable)
{
if (pipeEnd.SmoothConnect)
{
SweepDirection dir = pipeEnd.ClockDirection == CalcTools.VectorClockDirection.CounterClockwise
? SweepDirection.Clockwise
: SweepDirection.Counterclockwise;
pathFigureF.Segments.Add(new LineSegment(pipeEnd.P11, false));
ArcSegment arc1 = new ArcSegment(pipeEnd.P21, new Size(pipeEnd.Diameter1, pipeEnd.Diameter1), pipeEnd.Angle
, false, dir, false);
pathFigureF.Segments.Add(arc1);
}
else
{
pathFigureF.Segments.Add(new LineSegment(pipeEnd.Intersection1, false));
}
}
}
pathFigureF.Segments.Add(new LineSegment(CalcTools.WinPoint2DrawPointF(Pipe[Pipe.Count - 1].CalcPoints[1]), false));
pathFigureF.Segments.Add(new LineSegment(CalcTools.WinPoint2DrawPointF(Pipe[Pipe.Count - 1].CalcPoints[3]), false));
for (int i = Pipe.Count - 2; i > 0; i--)
{
if (Pipe[i].Aviable)
{
if (Pipe[i].SmoothConnect)
{
SweepDirection dir = Pipe[i].ClockDirection == CalcTools.VectorClockDirection.CounterClockwise
? SweepDirection.Counterclockwise
: SweepDirection.Clockwise;
pathFigureF.Segments.Add(new LineSegment(Pipe[i].P22, false));
ArcSegment arc = new ArcSegment(Pipe[i].P12, new Size(Pipe[i].Diameter2, Pipe[i].Diameter2), Pipe[i].Angle
, false, dir, false);
pathFigureF.Segments.Add(arc);
}
else
{
pathFigureF.Segments.Add(new LineSegment(Pipe[i].Intersection2, false));
}
}
}
pathFigureF.Segments.Add(new LineSegment(CalcTools.WinPoint2DrawPointF(Pipe[1].CalcPoints[2]), false));
pathFigureF.IsClosed = true;
pathGeometryF.Figures.Add(pathFigureF);
return pathGeometryF;
}
}
项目效果
通过与流体模拟模块结合，可实现管道内介质流动的视觉化呈现，包括流速变化、压力分布等高级效果。
项目源码
完整代码托管于Gitee平台，建议开发环境：Visual Studio 2022 + .NET 6.0，项目已配置好NuGet依赖包，可直接编译运行。
Gitee：https://gitee.com/hurstyang/pipedesigner
总结
通过创新性的动态路径生成算法，解决了传统组态软件管道设计中的灵活性不足问题。基于WPF的架构设计既保证了开发效率，又为后续功能扩展预留了充足空间。项目可直接应用于能源管理、化工仿真等领域，对于提升工业软件国产化水平具有积极意义。